Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Ground plane
The text book chapt. 4 handles only
conductors in free space.
p Let us introduce
a ground plane:
D D
Ia
Ib
Ia Ib Ia Ib
Air Air h1 h2 Air h1 h2
Earth Air h1 h2
-Ia -Ib Air h1 h2
-IIa -IIb
Field lines Ideal case: Real case:
perpendicular Imaging concept Penetration
to earth surface depth of earth
MTU, Houghton, 2010 www.elkraft.ntnu.no/
5
j 0 2h 0 j 0 Dj [m]
Ze ln ln /m], with D j 660 [m]
2 r 8 2 r f [Hz]
Mutual impedance
The conductor will link with both the other
conductor and its image: D
I
D
D
-II
According to Eq. 4.36 this gives
j0 D '' j0 D 2 (h h ) 2
Zm ln ln 1 2
2 D' 2 D 2
( h h ) 2
1 2
Which for low frequencies becomes:
0 0 Dj
Zm j ln
8 2 D '
Then
e tthe
e pos
positive
t e and
a d zero
e o seq
seq. imps.
ps aare
e
0 D j 0 0 Dj
Z Z s Z m Ri j 0 ln j ln
8 2 r ' 8 2 D '
D '
R i j 0 ln Influence of ground disappears!
2 r'
3 0 Dj Strong ground
Z 0 Z s 2 Z m Ri 3 j 0 ln
l www.elkraft.ntnu.no/
8 MTU, 3 2010
2 Houghton, 2
D ' r ' influence!
11
V a Z s I a Z m I b Z m I c ( Z m11 Z m 12 Z m13 ) I 02
( Z s Z m ) I a Z 012 I 02 A zero sequence component is
coupled to the other line
MTU, Houghton, 2010 www.elkraft.ntnu.no/
13
1 1.163069E-01
2
8.404390E-01
5.667074E-02
2.955284E-01
1.163069E-01
8.404390E-01
Inspecting the lis file
3 5.657221E-02
2.432963E-01
5.667074E-02
2.955284E-01
1.163069E-01
8.404390E-01 Full system (14x14)
4 5.670445E-02 5.666840E-02 5.656775E-02 1.163069E-01
5.498391E-01 2.929874E-01 2.420161E-01 8.404390E-01
6 5
5.666466E-02
666466E 02 5
5.663112E-02
663112E 02 5
5.653314E-02
653314E 02 5
5.666462E-02
666462E 02 5
5.662488E-02
662488E 02 1
1.162273E-01
162273E 01
5.498841E-01 2.955291E-01 2.433302E-01 5.237530E-01 5.499291E-01 8.405289E-01
8 5.663336E-02
5.663336E 02 5.666462E-02
5.666462E 02 5.662880E-02
5.662880E 02 5.663112E-02
5.663112E 02 5.659158E-02
5.659158E 02 5.659381E-02
5.659381E 02 5.666466E-02
5.666466E 02 1.162273E-01
1.162273E 01
2.981557E-01 5.237530E-01 2.929909E-01 2.955291E-01 2.956183E-01 2.982481E-01 5.498841E-01 8.405289E-01
1.163069E-01
8.404390E-01
5.666466E-02 1.162273E-01
5.498841E-01 8.405289E-01
1 6.648637E-02
4.798192E-01
2 5.089281E-02 6.661630E-02
1.573020E-01 4.725644E-01
Verify (1 km line):
Homework:
Reproduce
Check with hand
calculations
MTU, Houghton, 2010 www.elkraft.ntnu.no/
22
Summary
The concept of Self and Mutual
impedances of a transmission line over
lossy ground introduced
Hand-calculation formulas presented and
linked to text book chapt.
chapt 4
Multi-conductor matrix systems introduced
Line Constants of ATP introduced via the
LCC module of ATPDraw
Verify
Inspection of lis
lis-file
file
MTU, Houghton, 2010 www.elkraft.ntnu.no/