PATTERN

EVENT POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

TIME
(+) (-) (?)

aux.(be)1 aux.(be)1 aux.(be)1

NOMINAL S + (is/am/are) + C S + (is/am/are) + NOT + C (is/am/are)
+ S + C + (?)

(She/He/It) is smart.
(She/He/It) smart. Is (she/he/it) smart?
I am a student of MAWAR. Am I a student of MAWAR?
I am not a student of MAWAR.
(They/We/You) are in Gondanrojo (today). Are (they/we/you) in Gondanrojo (today)?
PRESENT

(They/We/You) in Gondanrojo (today).

aux.(do)1 infinitive(verb) aux.(do)1 infinitive(verb)

S + Verb1 (-s/-es) + O/C S+ + NOT + + O/C +S+ + O/C + (?)
(do/does) (verb1) (do/does) (verb1)
VERBAL

(They/We/I/You) play football (on Sunday). (They/We/I/You)

play football (on Sunday). Do (they/we/I/you) play football (on Sunday)?

(She/He/It) goes to school (on Monday morning). Does (she/he/it) go to school (on Monday morning)?
(She/He/It) go to school (on Monday morning).

aux.(be)2 aux.(be)2 aux.(be)2

S+ + C S+ + NOT + C + S + C + (?)
NOMINAL

(was/were) (was/were) (was/were)

(I/She/He/It) was a student of MAWAR (2 years ago). (I/She/He/It)

a student of MAWAR (2 years ago). Was (I/she/he/it) a student of MAWAR (2 years ago)?
SIMPLE (DASAR)

(They/We/You) were in Gondanrojo (this morning). Were (they/we/you) in Gondanrojo (this morning)?
(They/We/You) in Gondanrojo (this morning).

PAST

aux.(do)2 infinitive(verb) aux.(do)2 infinitive(verb)

S + Verb2 + O/C S+ + NOT + + O/C +S+ + O/C + (?)
(did) (verb1) (did) (verb1)
VERBAL

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) played football (yesterday). (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)

play football (yesterday). Did (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) play football (yesterday)?

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) went to school (on last Monday Did (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) go to school (on last Monday
morning). (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)
go to school (on last Monday morning)?
morning).
aux.(modal) infinitive(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(be)
S+ + +C S+ + NOT + + C +S+ + C + (?)
NOMINAL

(shall/will) (be) (shall/will) (be) (shall/will) (be)

(I/We) shall be in Gondanrojo (tonight). (I/We)

be in Gondanrojo (tonight). Shall (I/we) be in Gondanrojo (tonight)?

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will be in Gondanrojo (tonight). Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) be in Gondanrojo (tonight)?
(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) be in Gondanrojo (tonight).
FUTURE

aux.(modal) infinitive(verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(verb)

S+ + + O/C S+ + NOT + + O/C +S+ + O/C + (?)
(shall/will) (verb1) (shall/will) (verb1) (shall/will) (verb1)
VERBAL

(I/We) shall play football (tomorrow). (I/We)

play football (tomorrow). Shall (I/we) play football (tomorrow)?

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will play football (tomorrow). Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) play football (tomorrow)?
(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) play football (tomorrow).

Notes:
 PATTERN
EVENT POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
TIME
(+) (-) (?)

aux.(be)1 Gerund(be) aux.(be)1 Gerund(be) aux.(be)1 Gerund(be)

S + (is/am/are) + (being)
+ C S + (is/am/are) + NOT + (being)
+ C (is/am/are)
+S+ (being)
+ C + (?)
NOMINAL

(She/He/It) is being angry (now).

(She/He/It) being angry (now). Is (she/he/it) being angry (now)?
I am being a student (this year). Am I being a student (this year)?
I am not being a student (this year).
(They/We/You) are being in Gondanrojo (this month). Are (they/we/you) being in Gondanrojo (this month)?
PRESENT

(They/We/You) being in Gondanrojo (this month).

aux.(be)1 Gerund(Verb) aux.(be)1 Gerund(Verb) aux.(be)1 Gerund(Verb)

S + (is/am/are) + (Verb1ing)
+ O/C S + (is/am/are) + NOT + (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (is/am/are)
+S+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(She/He/It) is going to school (at this moment).

(She/He/It) going to school (at this moment). Is (she/he/it) going to school (at this moment)?
I am playing football (at this time). Am I playing football (at this time)?
I am not playing football (at this time).
(They/We/You) are playing football (at this time). Are (they/we/you) playing football (at this time)?
(They/We/You) playing football (at this time).
CONTINUOUS/ PROGRESSIVE (SEDANG)

aux.(be)2 Gerund(be) aux.(be)2 Gerund(be) aux.(be)2 Gerund(be)

S+ + + C S+ + NOT + + C + S+ + C + (?)
NOMINAL

(was/were) (being) (was/were) (being) (was/were) (being)

(I/She/He/It) was being angry (yesterday morning).

(I/She/He/It) being angry (yesterday morning). Was (I/she/he/it) being angry (yesterday morning)?

(They/We/You) were being in Gondanrojo (last month). Were (they/we/you) being in Gondanrojo (last month)?
(They/We/You) being in Gondanrojo (last month).
PAST

aux.(be)2 Gerund(Verb) aux.(be)2 Gerund(Verb) aux.(be)2 Gerund(Verb)

S + (was/were) + (Verb1ing)
+ O/C S + (was/were) + NOT + (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (was/were)
+ S+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(I/She/He/It) was going to school (yesterday at 7 a.m.). (I/She/He/It)

going to school (yesterday at 7 a.m.). Was (I/she/he/it) going to school (yesterday at 7 a.m.)?

(They/We/You) were playing football (2 days ago). Were (they/we/you) playing football (2 days ago)?
(They/We/You) playing football (2 days ago).

aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(be)

S+ + + + C S+ + NOT + + + C +S+ + + C + (?)
(shall/will) (be) (being) (shall/will) (be) (being) (shall/will) (be) (being)
NOMINAL

(I/We) shall be being in Gondanrojo (next month). (I/We)

be being in Gondanrojo (next month). Shall (I/we) be being in Gondanrojo (next month)?

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will be being in Gondanrojo Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) be being in Gondanrojo (next
(next month). (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)
be being in Gondanrojo (next month)?
FUTURE

month).
aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb)
S + (shall/will) + (be)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C S + (shall/will) + NOT + (be)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C (shall/will)
+S+ (be)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(I/We) shall be playing football (2 days later). (I/We)

be playing football (2 days later). Shall (I/we) be playing football (2 days later)?

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will be playing football (2 days Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) be playing football (2 days later)?
later). (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)
be playing football (2 days
later).
Notes:
 PATTERN
EVENT POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
TIME
(+) (-) (?)

aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be)

S+ + + C S+ + NOT + +C +S+ + C + (?)
NOMINAL
(have/has) (been) (have/has) (been) (have/has) (been)

(They/We/I/You) have (already) been in Gondanrojo. (They/We/I/You)

been in Gondanrojo (yet). Have (they/we/I/you) (already) been in Gondanrojo?

(She/He/It) has (already) been in Gondanrojo. Has (she/he/it) (already) been in Gondanrojo?
PRESENT

(She/He/It) been in Gondanrojo (yet).

aux.(have)1 Past Participle(verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(verb)

S+ (have/has)
+ (verb3)
+ O/C S+ (have/has)
+ NOT + (verb3)
+ O/C (have/has)
+S+ (verb3)
+ O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(They/We/I/You) have (already) played football. (They/We/I/You)

played football (yet). Have (they/we/I/you) (already) played football?

(She/He/It) has (just) gone to school. Has (she/he/it) (just) gone to school?
(She/He/It) gone to school (yet).

aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be)

S+ + + C S+ + NOT + +C +S+ + C + (?)
NOMINAL

(had) (been) (had) (been) (had) (been)

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) had been in Gondanrojo (before (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)

been in Gondanrojo (before you Had (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) been in Gondanrojo (before you

you came).* came)?
came).
*PPT (before) SPT
PAST
PERFECT (TELAH)

aux.(have)2 Past Participle(verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(verb)

S+ + + O/C S+ + NOT + + O/C +S+ + O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(had) (verb3) (had) (verb3) (had) (verb3)

(She was here after) (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) had (already) (She was here after) (they/we/I/you/she/he/it)

played Had (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) (already) played football (before

played football. * she was here)?*
football (yet).
*SPT (after) PPT *biar masuk rumus (after) dirubah dulu menjadi (before)
aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be)
S + (shall/will) + (have)
+ (been)
+ C S+ (shall/will)
+NOT+ (have)
+ (been)
+C (shall/will)
+S+ (have)
+ (been)
+ C + (?)

(I/We) shall have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when Shall (I/we) have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when
NOMINAL

(I/We) have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when

vacation is over).* vacation is over)?
vacation is over).
(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will have been in Gondanrojo Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) have been in Gondanrojo (next
(next week) (when vacation is over).* (They/We/I/You/She/He/It) have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when vacation is over)?
*PFT (when) SPT week) (when vacation is over).
FUTURE

*Simple Present di sini bermakna Future

aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(verb)
S+ + + + O/C S+ + NOT + + +O/C +S+ + +O/C + (?)
(shall/will) (have) (verb3) (shall/will) (have) (verb3) (shall/will) (have) (verb3)
VERBAL

(Tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) shall have (already)

(Tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) have played football (Tomorrow), (when you come), shall (I/we) have (already) played
played football.* football?
(yet).
(Tomorrow), (when you come), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) will (Tomorrow), (when you come), will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) have
have (already) played football.* (Tomorrow), (when you come), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) (already) played football?
*SPT (when) PFT have played football (yet).
Notes:
 PATTERN
EVENT POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
TIME
(+) (-) (?)

aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + (being) + C S+ + NOT + + + C +S+ + (being) + C + (?)
NOMINAL
(have/has) (been) (have/has) (been) (being) (have/has) (been)

(They/We/I/You) have been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 (They/We/I/You)

been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years). Have (they/we/I/you) been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years)?

years). Has (she/he/it) been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years)?
PRESENT

(She/He/It) has been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years). (She/He/It) been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years).

aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb)
S+ (have/has)
+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C S+ (have/has)
+ NOT + (been)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (have/has)
+S+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(They/We/I/You) have been playing football (since 2 (They/We/I/You)

been playing football (since 2 oclock). Have (they/we/I/you) been playing football (since 2 oclock)?

oclock). Has (she/he/it) been playing football (since 2 oclock)?
(She/He/It) has been playing football (since 2 oclock). (She/He/It) been playing football (since 2 oclock).

aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + (being) + C S+ + NOT + + + C +S+ + (being) + C + (?)
PERFECT CONTINUOUS (SUDAH LAMA)

(had) (been) (had) (been) (being) (had) (been)

NOMINAL

(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) had been being in Gondanrojo (They/We/I/You/She/He/It)

been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 Had (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) been being in Gondanrojo (for 2

(for 2 years) (before you came).* years) (before you came)?
years) (before you came).
*PPCT (before) SPT
PAST

aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb)
S+ (had)
+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C S+ (had)
+ NOT + (been)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (had)
+S+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C + (?)
VERBAL

(She was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) had been (She was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it)

been Had (she was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) been playing

playing football (since this morning).* football (since this morning)?
playing football (since this morning).
*SPT (after) PPCT

aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + + +C S+ +NOT+ + + +C +S+ + + + C + (?)
(shall/will) (have) (been) (being) (shall/will) (have) (been) (being) (shall/will) (have) (been) (being)
NOMINAL

(I/We) shall have been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years), (I/We)

have been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years), (next Shall (I/we) have been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years), (next

(next week), (when vacation is over). week), (when vacation is over)?
week), (when vacation is over).
(They/We/I/You/She/He/It) will have been being in Will (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) have been being in Gondanrojo (for
Gondanrojo (for 2 years), (next week), (when vacation is (They/We/I/You/She/He/It) have been being in Gondanrojo 2 years), (next week), (when vacation is over)?
FUTURE

over). (for 2 years), (next week), (when vacation is over).

aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb)
S+ + + + +O/C S+ + NOT + + + +O/C +S+ + + +O/C + (?)
(shall/will) (have) (been) (Verb1ing) (shall/will) (have) (been) (Verb1ing) (shall/will) (have) (been) (Verb1ing)

(Tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) shall have been Shall (tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) have been playing
VERBAL

(Tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) have been playing

playing football (since 2 oclock). football (since 2 oclock).
football (since 2 oclock).
(Tomorrow), (when you come), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) will Will (tomorrow), (when you come), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) have
have been playing football (since 2 oclock). (Tomorrow), (when you come), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) been playing football (since 2 oclock).
have been playing football (since 2 oclock).
Notes: