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Wednesday,November07,2012 #1

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InternationalLawNotes

AslamoAlikum,

Dearfellows,membersandseniors.I'vereceivedmanyrequeststosharematerialregarding
InternationalLaw.Soforthatverypurpose,mestartingthisthreadandhereI'llsharethetopicwise
notesofInternationalLaw.I'msureyoupeoplewilldefinitelyspeakwellofmyefforts.

Note:MaterialisextractedfromdifferentresourcessowhereveryoupeoplefeelI'mmistakendo
guidemeandcorrectme.
Moreover,criticismandcontributionofothermembersandseniorswillbecommended.

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Wednesday,November07,2012 #2

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InternationalLaw
Law:
LawisanEnglishworditisderivedfromGermanwordLagwhichmeansConstantUnmovable,
StaticandPlane.

DefinitionsofLaw:
Therearevariousdefinitionsoflawsomeofthemarethefollowing.

Aristotle:Whatevertherulingpartyenactsiscalledlaw

JohnAustin:Lawisthecommandofsovereignty

WoodrowWilson:Lawisthatportionofestablishingthoughtwhichhasdistinct&intheshapeof
uniformsbackedbytheauthority&powerofstate

Holland:Lawisgeneralruleofexternalactionenforcedbysovereignpoliticalauthority

J.C.Carter:Lawalwayshasbeenstillisandwillforevercontinuetobecustom

SirHenryMaine:Lawisacceptingnormsofsocietyandstatehastoimplementthoselaws

Salmond:Thebodyofprinciplesrecognized&appliedbythestateintheapplicationofjustice

So,
1.Lawshouldbeuniform.
2.Itshouldbeuniversal.
3.Itsjurisdictionshouldbecompulsory.
4.Thereshouldbesystemofcourse.

DivisionsofLaw:
1MunicipalLaw(withinthecountry)
2InternationalLaw(outofthecountry)
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Wednesday,November07,2012 #3

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IntroductiontoInternationalLaw

Introduction:
"Internationallawisthebodyoflegalrules,norms,andstandardsthatapplybetweensovereign
statesandotherentitiesthatarelegallyrecognizedasinternationalactors."

InternationallawisalsocalledPublicInternationalLawandLawofNations.
ThetermwascoinedbytheEnglishphilosopherJeremyBentham(17481832).

DefinitionsofInternationalLaw:

Thereisstillnoconsensusamongacademicsandotherinterestedpartiesastowhatinternationallaw
is.Therearesomewhoarguethatthereisnosuchthingasinternationallawasitisnotimposedbya
sovereignauthority.However,itisnotaverystrongargumentbecausealllawsarenotnecessarily
imposedbysovereignauthorities.Averygoodexampleisthecustoms,whicharepracticesofpeople.
Furthermore,allrelevantsectorsintheinternationalcommunityactasifinternationallawexists.

1.ClassicalDefinitions:
Someclassicaldefinitionsbyprominentscholarsaregivenbelowthatdon'tmeetwithmoderntrends
ofinternationallaw
Bentham:Internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelationsbetweenstates.
Oppenheim:Lawofnationsorinternationallawisthenameforthebodyofcustomaryand
conventionalruleswhichareconsideredlegallybindingbythecivilizedstatesintheirintercoursewith
eachother.

2.ModernDefinitions:
Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivityof
states.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfineitselfto
States.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.Forexample,
Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,themajorityof
whichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternationalorganizationswhen
itbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.
SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstates
andsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DisciplinesofInternationalLaw:

Theterm"internationallaw"canrefertothreedistinctlegaldisciplines:

PublicInternationalLaw,whichgovernstherelationshipbetweenprovincesandinternational
entities.Itincludestheselegalfields:treatylaw,lawofsea,internationalcriminallaw,thelawsof
warorinternationalhumanitarianlawandinternationalhumanrightslaw.
PrivateInternationalLaw,orconflictoflaws,whichaddressesthequestionsof(1)which
jurisdictionmayhearacase,and(2)thelawconcerningwhichjurisdictionappliestotheissuesinthe
case.
SupranationalLaworthelawofsupranationalorganizations,whichconcernsregionalagreements
wherethelawsofnationstatesmaybeheldinapplicablewhenconflictingwithasupranationallegal
systemwhenthatnationhasatreatyobligationtoasupranationalcollective.
Thetwotraditionalbranchesofthefieldare:
1.JusGentiumlawofnations
2.JusInterGentesagreementsbetweennations

SignificanceofInternationalLaw:

Internationallawisthevitalmechanismwithoutwhichaninterdependentworldcannotfunction
properlyandwithintheboundsoflaw.Itdoesnotonlycontrolthestatesbyoverseeingtheirconduct
inrelationwithotherstates,likethelawprohibitingtheuseofarmedforcetosettledispute,butalso
maintainslawsregardingindividuals(e.g.humanrights).
Furthermore,internationallawisintrinsicallyboundupwithdiplomacy,politicsandconductofforeign
affairsitisnot,atall,basedonanadversarialsystemoflaw,meaningtherebythatmanyofthe
ruleshavebeenevolvedfromthepracticeofthestatesanddonotbindthestatesinanycourse,
whichtendstomakeinternationallawmoreflexible.Also,internationallawleavesastatewithso
manyoptionsratherthanwithmerelyonecourseofaction,whichservesasanadvantagefora
systemsoboundupwithpoliticsanddiplomacy.

GlobalScopeofInternationalLaw:

AccordingtoBentham'sclassicdefinition,internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelations
betweenstates.Itisamarkofhowfarinternationallawhasevolvedthatthisoriginaldefinitionomits
individualsandinternationalorganizationstwoofthemostdynamicandvitalelementsofmodern
internationallaw.Furthermore,itisnolongeraccuratetoviewinternationallawassimplyacollection
ofrulesrather,itisarapidlydevelopingcomplexofrulesandinfluentialthoughnotdirectlybinding
principles,practices,andassertionscoupledwithincreasinglysophisticatedstructuresand
processes.Initsbroadestsense,internationallawprovidesnormativeguidelinesaswellasmethods,
mechanisms,andacommonconceptuallanguagetointernationalactorsi.e.,primarilysovereign
statesbutalsoincreasinglyinternationalorganizationsandsomeindividuals.Therangeofsubjects
andactorsdirectlyconcernedwithinternationallawhaswidenedconsiderably,movingbeyondthe
classicalquestionsofwar,peace,anddiplomacytoincludehumanrights,economicandtradeissues,
spacelaw,andinternationalorganizations.Althoughinternationallawisalegalorderandnotan
ethicalone,ithasbeeninfluencedsignificantlybyethicalprinciplesandconcerns,particularlyinthe
sphereofhumanrights.

Aboveall,internationallawcoversawiderangeoflawswhichincludethefollowing:
Refugeelaws
Narcotics/Drugstreaties
Humantrafficking
Obscenepublication
Worldhealthtreaties
Internationaltradedevelopment
Agreementrelatingtoindependentguaranteeandletterofcredit.
Protocolonroadsignsandsignals1947
Contractofcarriageofgoodsbyroads.

ScopeofInternationalLawinPakistan:

AsfarasthescopeofinternationallawinPakistanisconcerned,itisexpandingwiththepassageof
time.Pakistanisunderanobligationtofollowitsinternationalcommitmentsarisingoutofanytreaty,
conventionorinternationalagreement,ratifiedbyit.Further,afterhavingratifiedatreaty,itis
mandatoryforPakistantoincorporateitintodomesticlawsbyenactingimplementinglegislations.For
instance,DangerousCargosActandMaritimeZonesAct,1996ofPakistanaimattranslatingits
internationalobligationsintothedomesticlaws.Similarly,UnitedNationsConventiononLawofthe
SeahasbeenratifiedbyPakistanandtoensureitsenforcement,correspondingdomesticlegislationis
required.

Conclusion:

Keepinginviewtheneedofastableandorderlyinternationalsociety,therelevanceandpertinenceof
internationallawisallthemoreemphasized.Inthisageofglobalizationandanincreaseddegreeof
interdependencebetweendifferentcountriesoftheworld,internationallawcanprovideaviable
regimetoregulateintrastaterelationsandactivities.However,itistobenotedthatinternationallaw
hasitslimitationsowingtoconceptslikestatesovereigntyasacrednormofinternationallaw.But
recentdevelopmentsinthearenaofinternationallawhaveprovedthatitcanplayavitalrolein
regulatinginternationalaffairsthroughvarioustreatiesandconventions,whichuponratification,bind
thestatepartiestoobservethesame.Although,ashasbeensaidearlier,theredoesnotexistan
effectivetool/forumtoimplementtheseinternationaltreaties(likethecorrectivemeasuresthatcan
beresortedtobyastateagainstitscitizensinaneventofnoncompliancetothelawsoftheland),
nevertheless,compliancecanbeensuredbymeansofsanctions(suchastradeembargosor
diplomaticcutoffetc)whichareofgreatrelevanceforlifeinthecomityofnations,alreadybecoming
aglobalvillage.Forexample,UNSCissued1373/01resolutionwhichpreventsandsuppressthe
financingofterroristactsand1566/04furthermakesitmandatoryforworldwideimplementation.The
importanceassociatedtothesesanctionscanbetracedtofactorssuchasincreasedeconomic(trade)
activityatagloballevel,freeflowofinformation,formationofregional/globalblockspursuinga
specificideology/orientation,aneverincreasingrateofimmigration,naturalaswellashuman
resourcesharingetc.Allthesefactorshavecontributedtothegrowthofinternationallawandatthe
sametimehighlightedtheneedofit.Itmayfinallybesaidthatstartingfromthelimitedinterstate
interactionbetweentheGreekcitystates,internationallawanditsneedhavebecomemorerelevant
inthemodernstatesystem.Itcanhelpbridgethegapsofdissentingideologiesanddivergentpolicies
ofsovereignstatesbybringingthemtogetheronacommonlyagreeduponlaw
(treaty/agreement/convention),soastobindthemintocomplianceandreducefrictiontoensurea
moreorderlyandpeacefulworld.

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Wednesday,November07,2012 #4

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2010GivesuchadefinitionofInternationalLawwhichcouldcoverallthemoderntrends
init?

Hereisanswerofthequestionasked
Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassi
2.ModernDefinitions:
Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivity
ofstates.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfine
itselftoStates.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.For
example,
Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,the
majorityofwhichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternational
organizationswhenitbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.
SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereign
statesandsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

2008,2005JohnAustinsays"InternationalLawisnotarealLaw,butapositive
InternationalMorality."Doyouagreewithhim?Giveargumentsinsupportofyour
answer.
Manyaspirantsareaskingmeviamailabouttheanswerofabovesaidquestionsincelongtime.So,

1.Getideaaboutansweringthisquestionfrombelowlink

IsInternationalLawJustAPositiveMorality

2.Forcomprehensiveandwellarticulatedansweroftheabovequestion,consult

InternationalLawbyDr.H.OAgarwall
PageNumber:56
TopicName:AustinsView
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Friday,November16,2012 #5

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PublicInternationalLawand
PrivateInternationallaw

DefinitionofPublicInternationalLaw:

Oppenheim:"Publicinternationalisbodyofcustomaryandconventionalrules,whichareconsidered
bindingoncivilizedstatesinthererelationwitheachother."
SchwarnzenBerger:"Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstates
andsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DefinitionofPrivateInternationalLaw:

M.PTandon:"Privateinternationallawisabodyofprinciplesdeterminingquestionsasto
jurisdictionsandquestionsastoselectionofappropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselves
fordecisionbeforeacourtofonestateorcountry,butwhichinvolvesaforeignelementi.e.which
effectforeignpersonsorforeignortransactionsthathavebeenenteredinaforeigncountryorwith
respectofforeignsystemoflaw"
PittCobbet:"Privateinternationallawisthebodyofrulesfordeterminingquestionsastoselectionof
appropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselvesfordecisionbeforethecourtsofonestateor
country,butwhichinvolveaforeignelementi.e,whicheffectforeignpersonsorforeignthingsor
transactionsthathadbeenenteredintowhollyorpartlyinaforeigncountryorwithreferencetosome
foreignsystemoflaw."
DistinctionbetweenPublicInternationalLawandPrivateInternationalLaw:

1.AstoConsent:
Publicinternationallawbasedontheconsentofthestate.
Privateinternationallawisnotbasedontheconsentofthestates.
2.AstoObject:
oPublicinternationallawregulatesrelationshipofstatesinterseanddeterminesrightsanddutiesof
thesubjectstatesatinternationalsphere.
oPrivateinternationallawdeterminesastowhichlawwillapplyoftwoconflictinginaparticularcase
havingforeignelement.
3.AstoConflictofLaws:
oPublicinternationallawdoesnotinvolveinconflictsoflaws.
oPrivateinternationallawinvolvesintheconflictsoflaws.
4.AstoNature:
Publicinternationalissameforallthestates.
Privateinternationalmaybedifferentinvariousstates.
5.AstoSources:
oPublicinternationallawhasitssourcesintreaties,custometc.etc.
oPrivateinternationallawhasitssourcesinthelegislationoftheindividualstatetowhichthelitigant
belongs.
6.AstoApplication:
oPublicinternationallawapplicabletocriminalaswellascivilcases.
oPrivateinternationallawisapplicabletocivilcasesonly,whichpresentthemselvesforaccessionof
courtsofthestate.
7.AstoSubject:
Publicinternationallawdealswiththestates.
Privateinternationallawdealswiththeindividuals.
8.AstoMunicipalLaw:
Publicinternationallawisnotpartofmunicipallaw.
9.AstoJurisdiction:
Publicinternationallawdoesnotinvolvesdeterminationonthequestionofdetermination.
Privateinternationallawdeterminescourtwhichwillhavejurisdictiontodecidedissueinquestion.
10.AstoScope:
oPublicinternationallawhaswiderscope.itisofuniversecharacter.
oPrivateinternationallawhaslessorscope.

Conclusion:
Toconcludeitcanbesaidthat,publicinternationallawandprivateinternationallawarebranchesof
internationallaw.Publicinternationallawisknownasconflictoflaws.thesearedifferentfromeach
anotherbutinsomeexceptionalcasesrulesofprivateinternationallawmaybecomerulesofpublic
internationallaw.

Regards

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Friday,November16,2012 #6

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 Thanks:0
Elspeth Thanked10Timesin5Posts
JuniorMember

khurramamirnotes?

isthisfromkhurramamirnotes??

Friday,November16,2012 #7

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Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyElspeth
isthisfromkhurramamirnotes??

DearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.Hereis
thelistofresourcesmeconsulting.

1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon
2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall
3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw
4.InternationallawJ.GStarke
5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore
10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes
11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica

Metryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhile
preparingInternationalLaw.
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December26,2012)

Friday,November16,2012 #8

JoinDate:Nov2012
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Thanked10Timesin5Posts

2013shallbeyouristattempt??
 Sunday,November18,2012 #9

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Posts:129
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SeniorMember Thanked107Timesin63Posts

Fassiyouaredoingagreatjob,Iamalsotrytogetsomethingfrombookpublishedbyexamcram
series,,,,agoodoneandwrittenbymansoorandmansha,2013myfirstandlastchance,itseemslife
isgoingtobeendedbrother,
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Aywatantunaypukaratolahukholutha,,
terybetayteryjan'baazchalyaatayhein..!!

Thursday,November22,2012 #10

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Member Thanked31Timesin15Posts

Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassi
DearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.
Hereisthelistofresourcesmeconsulting.

1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon
2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall
3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw
4.InternationallawJ.GStarke
5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore
10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes
11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica

Metryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhile
preparingInternationalLaw.

WillyoucontinuetoprovideyourguidancetoyoungbrainsFasibro?
Iamhopefulforthat
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