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1. The document provides formulas and identities for basic mathematics concepts including: quadratic equations, trigonometry, and trigonometric identities.
2. Key trigonometric identities include the law of sines, law of cosines, reciprocal identities, sum-difference formulas, double angle formulas, and two-to-one formulas.
3. The document contains over a dozen formulas for trigonometric functions including formulas for sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot of sum, difference, double, and half angles.
1. The document provides formulas and identities for basic mathematics concepts including: quadratic equations, trigonometry, and trigonometric identities.
2. Key trigonometric identities include the law of sines, law of cosines, reciprocal identities, sum-difference formulas, double angle formulas, and two-to-one formulas.
3. The document contains over a dozen formulas for trigonometric functions including formulas for sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot of sum, difference, double, and half angles.
1. The document provides formulas and identities for basic mathematics concepts including: quadratic equations, trigonometry, and trigonometric identities.
2. Key trigonometric identities include the law of sines, law of cosines, reciprocal identities, sum-difference formulas, double angle formulas, and two-to-one formulas.
3. The document contains over a dozen formulas for trigonometric functions including formulas for sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot of sum, difference, double, and half angles.
1 Quadratic forms 2.3 Pythagorean identities 2.8 Power-reducing or half-angle formulas
The solution to equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 is 1 = sin2 u + cos2 u (6a) 1 cos(2u) sec u = 1 + tan2 u 2 (6b) sin2 u = (11a) b b2 4ac 2 x= . (1) csc2 u = 1 + cot2 u (6c) 1 + cos(2u) 2a 2 cos u = (11b) 2 1.1 Completing the square 2.4 Co-function identities 2 1 cos(2u) tan u = (11c) 1 + cos(2u) This is accomplished by re-writing the quadratic formula in the sin u = cos u (7a) form of the left-hand-side (LHS) of this equality, which describes 2 factorization 2.9 Sum-to-product formulas cos u = sin u (7b) x2 + 2xh + h2 = (x + h)2 . (2) 2
tan u = cot u (7c) u+v uv 2 sin u + sin v = 2 sin cos (12a) 2 Trigonometry 2 2 csc u = sec u (7d) u+v uv 2.1 Triangle identities 2 sin u sin v = 2 cos sin (12b) 2 2 With reference to the below figure, the law of sines is sec u = csc u (7e) u+v uv 2 cos u + cos v = 2 cos cos (12c) 2 2 sin sin sin cot u = tan u (7f) u+v uv = = (3) 2 cos u cos v = 2 sin sin (12d) a b c 2 2 2.5 Even-odd identities and the law of cosines is 2.10 Product-to-sum formulas sin(u) = sin u (8a) 2 2 2 c = a + b 2ab cos (4a) cos(u) = cos u (8b) 1 b2 = a2 + c2 2ac cos (4b) tan(u) = tan u (8c) sin u sin v = [cos(u v) cos(u + v)] (13a) 2 2 2 2 a = c + b 2cb cos (4c) 1 cos u cos v = [cos(u v) + cos(u + v)] (13b) 2.6 Sum-difference formulas (AM or lock-in) 2 1 sin(u v) = sin u cos v cos u sin v (9a) sin u cos v = [sin(u + v) + sin(u v)] (13c) a 2 cos(u v) = cos u cos v sin u sin v (9b) 1 b cos u sin v = [sin(u + v) sin(u v)] (13d) tan u tan v 2 tan(u v) = (9c) c 1 tan u tan v 2.11 Two-to-one formulas 2.7 Double angle formulas 2.2 Reciprocal identities A sin u + B cos v = C sin(u + ) (14a) sin(2u) = 2 sin u cos u (10a) = C cos(u + ) where (14b) 1 cos(2u) = cos2 u sin2 u (10b) csc u = (5a) p sin u C = A2 + B 2 (14c) = 2 cos2 u 1 (10c) 1 B sec u = (5b) = 1 2 sin2 u (10d) = arctan (14d) cos u A 1 2 tan u A cot u = (5c) tan(2u) = (10e) = arctan (14e) tan u 1 tan2 u B