4.

0
WATER QUANTITY
 SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

4.0 WATER QUANTITY

The average daily per capita water consump6on: 280 litre/
person/day
It depends on: place & 6me

Factors aec6ng water usage:
Economic level of consumer
Water Tari
Eciency of water supply system (quan6ty, pressure)
Climate
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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Volume of water commonly used:
City (> 10 000 persons); 230 320 litre/person/
day
Suburban; 130 230 litre/person/day
Rural; 135 180 litre/person/day
Heavy Industries; 45 000 litre/ha/day
Light industries; 22 000 litre/ha/day

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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Municipal water demand is commonly

classied according to the nature of the
usage. The ordinary classica6ons are:
Domes6c
Commercial and Industrial
Public use
Loss and waste
Fire Demand
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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Formula for es6ma6ng water consump6on

per capita in one area:

KAP = Q / P
where

Q = volume of water supplied to that area
P = popula6on in that area

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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

RelaTon of Water QuanTty and PopulaTon

Since popula6on is always a relevant factor in
es6ma6ng future water use, it is necessary to
predict, in some manner, what the future
popula6on will be.

The hypothesis of geometric method assumes that
percentage of growth popula6on is constant
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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Geometric Method:

r = (Pn / Po) 1/m 1 where

r = the percentage of growth popula6on and r is a constant
(in decimal)
= 0.025 (for Malaysia)
m = period of the projec6on = n 0
Po = the present popula6on (year 0)
Pn = the popula6on at some 6me in the future (year n) where
n > 0
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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Basic formula for es6ma6ng future average daily water
demand:

WDn = Pn x Cn x fn + WDT(n) where

WDn = total water demand at the end of year n

Pn = the popula6on at the end of year n

Cn = daily water demand per capita at the end of
year n
fn = service factors at the end of year n
WDT(n) = daily water demand for other uses (such as
for industrial, commercial etc.)

 SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY
State Urban Rural
SERVICE 1985 1993 2000 1985 2000 2008

FACTORS
Johor 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.61 0.78 0.85

Kedah 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.58 0.92 0.95

Kelantan 0.65 0.82 0.99 0.30 0.50 0.70

Melaka 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.82 0.85 0.95

N.
0.89 0.99 0.99 0.75 0.86 0.95
Sembilan
Pahang 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.65 0.80 0.90

Perak 0.9 0.99 0.99 0.75 0.80 0.90

Perlis 0.93 0.99 0.99 0.50 0.93 0.95

P.Pinang 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.85 0.87 0.95

Sabah 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.38 0.55 075

Sarawak 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.33 0.40 0.70

Selangor 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.73 0.80 0.90

Terengganu 0.85 0.92 0.99 0.40 0.82 0.95

Malaysia 0.93 0.99 0.99 0.58 0.74 0.86

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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

Example 1

Popula6on in the year 1960 = 33,300 persons
Popula6on in the year 1990 = 67,300 persons
Heavy Industrial Area = 40ha.
Light Industrial Area = 75 ha.
Daily water demand per
capita at the end of year 2015 = 280 L/capita/day
Assume service factor = 0.99

Es6mate the total average daily water demand in the year
2015

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4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY

SoluTon:


P2015 = P1990 (1 + r)m = 67300 (1 + 0.024)25 = 121762 persons

WDn = Pn x Cn x fn + WDT(n)

WDT(n) = 40 x 45,000 + 75 x 22,000
= 3.45 x 106 L/day
WDn = 121762 x 280 x 0.99 + 3.45 x 106
= 37.2 x 106 L/day
= 37.2 MLD