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HighSpeedCentrifugeonShip:ConstructionandWorking
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DECEMBER9,2010BYANISH
Ahighspeedcentrifugeisatypeofseparatorwhichisusedonshiptoremovecontaminationfrom
liquidssuchasfuelandlubeoils.Itisimperativetocarryoutthistreatmentinordertoremovesolid
impuritiesandwaterbeforetheyaresuppliedtothemarineengine.Thus,thetaskofcentrifugeist
removesolidcontaminationfromliquidandtoremoveundesirableliquid(water)fromusefulliquids
(fuel).
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AlfaLaval
Centrifuges
Reconditionedandused
AlfaLavalseparators.
PrincipleofWorking
Theseparationprincipleofhighspeedcentrifugedependsonthedifferenceinthespecificgravity
differentliquids.Tounderstand,letstakeasettlingtankwherefuelisstoredandbecauseofthe
differenceinthegravityofwaterandfuel(waterisheavier)thewatergetscollectedatthebottomp
theduetotheeffectofgravity.Mathematicallythisprocesscanberepresentedby:
Fs=/6xD3(wo)g
WhereFsistheseparatingforce,wisdensityofwater,oisdensityofoilandgisgravitationalf
Nowifweconvertthetankintoaconicalrotatingobject,thenthegravitationalfactorgwillberepla
bythecentrifugalforce2r,where2isangularvelocityofrotationandriseffectiveradius.
Fs=/6xD3(wo)2r.
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Nowtheseparatingforcewillbemuchhigherincentrifugeascomparetosettlingtank.
ConstructionofHighSpeedCentrifuge:
Basiccomponentsofthecentrifugeareasfollows:
Exteriorframework:
Theexteriorframeworkisnormallymadeupofcasteironwhichsupportstheinternalbowlanddis
partsandcarrieswaterline,feedlineandoutletlineconnections.
Bowlanddisk:
Therearebowlsinsidetheframe,whichcanbeasolidassemblyoperatingnoncontinuousandha
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spaceenoughtoretaintheseparatedsludge.Therecanalsobeanarrangementinwhichtheuppe
lowerpartsareseparatefordischargingtheaccumulatedsludgebyacontinuousoperation.These
arenormallymadeupofhightensionstainlesssteel.
Verticalshaft:
TheVerticalshaftisusedtotransformtheelectricalmotoroutputintorotationalmotionforrotating
bowlinhighspeedthroughspurgearandhorizontalshaftorbelt.Thematerialusedforverticalsh
constructionisanalloyofsteel.
Horizontalshaftorbeltdrive:
Theelectricalmotordrivesthehorizontalshaftthroughclutchpadsandisusedfortransmittingthe
rotationalmotiontobowlassembly.Aspecialbelthavingelasticcharacterisusedinsomemodels
placeofhorizontalshaft,thusremovingtheuseofthegearassembly.Thehorizontalshaftmateria
specialalloyofsteel.
Spurgear:
Aspurgearisplacedbetweenthehorizontalandverticalshaftsforthetransferofrotationalmotion
Thesegearsaremanufacturedbyspecialaluminumbronzematerial.
Clutchorfrictionpads:
Anelectricmotorwillgetoverloadedifitisconnecteddirectlytothebowlassemblyfortherotation
sameasthecompleteassemblyisveryheavier.Toavoidthis,clutchorfrictionpadsanddrumass
areinstalledonthehorizontalshaft.Normallythenumberofpadsvariesfrom2to4dependingupo
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frequencysupplytothemotor.
Asthemotorstarts,thepadsinsidethedrummovesoutgraduallyduetocentrifugalforceandcau
frictionintheinternalwallofthedrumresultinginrotationoftheshaftandthebowlgraduallywitho
overloadinganddamagingthemotorandgears.
AttachedGearpump:
Ageneralconstructionofcentrifugeconsistsofahorizontalshaftdrivenattachedsupplyordischar
gearpump.Insomesystemanexternalsupplypumpmaybeinstalledinplaceoftheattachedpum
TypesofCentrifuge:
Therearenormallytwotypesbasedontheapplication:
1)Purifier:Whenacentrifugeisarrangedforseparatingtwoliquidsofdifferentdensities,fore.g
waterfromoil,itisknownasapurifier.Themaincomponentofpurifieriscorrectsizegravitydisco
ringwhichisresponsibletocreateinterfacebetweentheoilandwater.
2)Clarifier:Whenacentrifugalisarrangedtoremoveonlyimpuritiesandsmallamountofwate
calledasclarifier.Sinceitisusedmainlyforthatfluidwheremostlysolidimpuritiesaretoberemov
gravitydiscisnotusedinclarifierinsteadasealingringisusedtokeeptheimpuritiesintactunless
desludged.
Thebasicoperationsofclarifierandpurifierare:
Itcontainsstackofdisknumberingupto150andareseparatedfromeachotherbyverysmallg
seriesofholesarealignedineachdiskneartheoutsideedgewhichpermitstheentryofdirtyoil.
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Duetodifferenceingravityandcentrifugalforce,theheavierimpureliquid(water)andparticles
movesoutsideandlightercleanoilflowsinwardsandgetseparated.
Thecollectedsludgeandimpuritycanbedischargedcontinuouslyoratatimeintervals,depend
upontheconstruction,automationandsystemincorporated.
YoumayalsoliketoreadOilyWaterSeparatorConstruction&Working.
References:
IntroductiontoMarineEngineeringbyD.ATayler
MarineAux.MachinerybyH.DMcGeorge
ImageCredits:kcentrifuge,tradett
ReportanErro
AboutAnish
Anardentsailorandatechie,AnishWankhedehasvoyagedonanumberofshipsasamarine
engineerofficer.Helovesmultitasking,networking,andtroubleshooting.Heistheonebehindth
uniquecreativityandaestheticsatMarineInsight.
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