Tema 3.

Convoluciones continuas y discretas

Ejemplos de clculo grfico

Ingeniera de Telecomunicacin
Universidad de Valladolid

M.. Martn Fernndez (ETSI Telecom.) Sistemas Lineales 1 / 15

Contenidos

1 Convoluciones discretas
Definicin y Propiedades
Ejemplos

2 Convoluciones continuas
Definicin y Propiedades
Ejemplos

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Convolucin discreta. Definicin y propiedades

Definicin

X
y [n] = x[n] h[n] = x[k ]h[n k ]

Propiedades
Elemento neutro: x[n] [n] = x[n]
Conmutativa: x[n] h[n] = h[n] x[n]
Asociativa:
x[n] (h1 [n] h2 [n]) = (x[n] h1 [n]) h2 [n] = (x[n] h2 [n]) h1 [n] = x[n] h1 [n] h2 [n]
Distributiva: x[n] (h1 [n] + h2 [n]) = x[n] h1 [n] + x[n] h2 [n]

M.. Martn Fernndez (ETSI Telecom.) Sistemas Lineales 4 / 15

Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 1
X
x[n] = 1
[n] + 2[n 1] y [n] = x[n] h[n] = x[k ]h[n k ]
2
k =
h[n] = u[n] u[n 3]

x[k]
2 h[k]

1
1
2 k k
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

h[n k]

n < 0, y[n] = 0
k
P

1
n = 0, y[0] = x[k]h[0 k] = x[0]h[0] = 2
n2 n k=
n1 P
5
n = 1, y[1] = x[k]h[1 k] = x[0]h[1] + x[1]h[0] = 2
y[n] k=
P
5
5 n = 2, y[2] = x[k]h[2 k] = x[0]h[2] + x[1]h[1] = 2
2 2 k=
P
n = 3, y[3] = x[k]h[3 k] = x[1]h[2] = 2
k=
1
2
n > 3, y[n] = 0
n
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos
Ejemplo 2
X
y [n] =x[n] h[n] = x[k ]h[n k ]
k =
n
x[n] = u[n], 6= ,
k nk k nk
X X
= u[k ] u[n k ] = u[n k ].
h[n] = n u[n], 0 < , < 1.
k = k =0

x[k] h[k]

k k

k k
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

h[n k]

(nk)

k
n

n < 0, y[n] = 0
y[n]
n
n+1 n+1
n 0, y[n] = k nk =
P

k=0

n+1 n+1
y[n] = u[n]

n
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 3

X
( ( y [n] = x[n] h[n] = x[k ]h[n k ]
1, 0n4 n , 0 n 6
x[n] = , h[n] = k =
0, resto 0, resto

x[k]
h[k]

k
1
k k
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

h[n k]

(nk) n < 0, y[n] = 0

n n+1
k nk = 1
P
0 n 4, y[n] = 1
( k=0
n6 n n>4 4 n4
n+1
nk = 1
P
4 < n 6, y[n] =
n60 k=0

y[n] (
n6>0 4 n4
7
nk = 1
P
6 < n 10, y[n] =
n64 k=n6

n 6 > 4 n > 10, y[n] = 0

n
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5

M.. Martn Fernndez (ETSI Telecom.) Sistemas Lineales 7 / 15

Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 4
X
x[n] = 2n u[n] y [n] = x[n] h[n] = x[k ]h[n k ]
k =
h[n] = u[n]

x[k] h[k]

k 1
2

k k
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

h[n k]
1

k
0 n

y[n]
n
2
n < 0, y[n] = 2k = 2n+1
P
k=
0
1
n 0, y[n] = 2k = 2
P
1
k=
2
1 1 1
16 8 4
n
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

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Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos
Ejemplo 5
( (
1, 0 n 5 1, 2 n 7, 11 n 16
x[n] = , h[n] =
0, resto 0, resto

x[k] h[k]

1 k 1 k
0 5 0 2 7 11 16

x[n k]
n < 2, y[n] = 0
P
n
2 n 7, y[n] = 1=n1 1 k
k=2
P
7 0 n
8 n 10, y[n] = 1 = 13 n n5
k=n5
y[n]
11 n 12, y[n] = 3 6 6
5 5 5 5
P
n
13 n 16, y[n] = 1 = n 10 4 4 4 4
k=11
3 3 3 3 3 3
P
16
17 n 21, y[n] = 1 = 22 n 2 2
k=n5
1 1
n 22, y[n] = 0 n
0 1 2 7 10 13 16 22

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Convolucin discreta. Ejemplos
Ejemplo 6

x[k] h[k]
2

1 1 1 1 1 1

k 1 k
2 1 0 1 0 2 3 4 5

x[k + n] x[n k]
2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

k k
n 0 0 n

y[n]
3

0 n
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Convolucin continua. Definicin y propiedades

Definicin
Z
y (t) = x(t) h(t) = x( )h(t )d

Propiedades
Elemento neutro: x(t) (t) = x(t)
Conmutativa: x(t) h(t) = h(t) x(t)
Asociativa:

x(t) [h1 (t) h2 (t)] = [x(t) h1 (t)] h2 (t) = [x(t) h2 (t)] h1 (t)

Distributiva: x(t) [h1 (t) + h2 (t)] = x(t) h1 (t) + x(t) h2 (t)

M.. Martn Fernndez (ETSI Telecom.) Sistemas Lineales 12 / 15

Convolucin continua. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 1 Z
y (t) = x(t) h(t) = x( )h(t )d
x(t) = eat u(t), a>0
h(t) = u(t)

x( ) h( )

1 1
ea

0 0

h(t )
1

t
t < 0, y(t) = 0
y(t) Rt 1eat
t 0, y(t) = 0 ea d = a
1/a
1 eat
y(t) = u(t), t
t a

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Convolucin continua. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 2
( (
1, 0<t <T t, 0 < t < T
x(t) = , h(t) =
0, resto 0, resto

x( ) h( )
2T

0 T 0 2T

t 0, y(t) = 0 x(t )
1
(
t>0 Rt 2
0 < t T, y(t) = 0 d = t2
tT 0
(
t T > 0, t
T < t 2T, y(t) = tT d = tT 21 T 2
R
tT t
t 2T
( y(t)
t > 2T, R 2T
3T 2 /2
2T < t 3T, y(t) = tT d = tT 21 t2 + 32 T 2
t T 2T

t T > 3T t > 3T, y(t) = 0

t2
u(t) 12 (t T )2 u(t T ) + 2T 2 12 t2 u(t 2T )+ T 2 /2
`
y(t) =
`21 2 3 2 t

+ 2
t tT 2
T u(t 3T )
0 T 2T 3T

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Convolucin continua. Ejemplos

Ejemplo 3 Z
y (t) = x(t) h(t) = x( )h(t )d
x(t) = e2t u(t)
h(t) = u(t 3)

x( ) h( )

1 1
e2

0 0 3

h(t )
1

t3 0
R t3
y(t) t 3 < 0 t < 3, y(t) = e2 d = 12 e2(t3)
R
0
1/2 t 3 0 t 3, y(t) =
e2 d = 1
2

1 1h i
t y(t) = e2(t3) + 1 e2(t3) u(t 3)
2 2
0 3

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