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C1 C1
A1
380kVRMSLL /_0 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
+
A1
C2
C2
+
155kVRMSLL /_0
500 MW
D1
D1 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
1000 MW
B4
B1
E1
E1
380kVRMSLL /_0 B5 B1
155kVRMSLL /_0
+
+
Vdc control
100 MW
B2
B6
B3 F1
F1
1500 MW B2
B3 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
500 MW
1500 MW
HVDC Grids
Context and requirements
New contraints
Increase in renewable power generation
Increase in power trade across national borders
Impossible to get permission to build new overhead lines
Technologies opportunities
VSC HVDC Transmission well suited to DC Grid : change of power direction does not
require a change of polarity
Smaller footprint of VSC well suited to offshore platform
Available models
BKIIp
R1N
BKIV
1000 MW 600 MW
CBL_75km
CBL_50km
Station_3 Station_4
Detailed model (DM) Detailed model (DM)
MMC 801Levels MMC 801Levels
BKII
BKIVp
BKIIIp
+ VM
S3 ?v
+ VM
1000 MW ?v 400 MW
CBL_100km
Station_5
S5 Detailed model (DM)
+ VM
?v
MMC 801Levels
WindFarm3
BKIII
p +
AC
n
1000 MW
Converters
MMC 801 levels (400 Submodules / valves)
Upper level control system : standard VSC control
Low level control system :
Circulating Current Suppressing control,
Modulation techniques (Nearest level control),
Capacitor Balancing Control.
Cables
Frequency dependant cable models (phase domain)
Id
iua iub
g S1
iuc
+ g
RLC +
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
n vci C
vsua SM-2 SM-2 SM-2 -
: : : K1 K2 S2
vc
vb ic Vd 1
va ib
ia
Ls 0.8
Ls Ls Voltage (V)
Sub- 0.6
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
Module
0.4
vsla SM-2 SM-2 SM-2
: : : Multi- 0.2
valve
Arm
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400 0
ila ilb ilc 0 1000 2000 3000
Current (A)
4000 5000 6000
Id
iua iub iuc iMV t
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
vSM _ eq t T
+
SM-2 SM-2 SM-2 vSM t
vsua
rSM _ eq t
+
: : :
Ls Ls Ls
vc
vb ic Vd DC_PLUS
va ib
ia
+
Ls Ls Ls
vSM _1 t vSM _ 3 t vSM _ 5 t
+
req _1 t req _ 3 t req _ 5 t
+
Sub- req _1 t req _ 3 t req _ 5 t AC
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
c
Module b
a
vsla SM-2 SM-2 SM-2
vSM _ 2 t vSM _ 4 t vSM _ 6 t
+
+
req _ 2 t
+ req _ 4 t req _ 6 t
+
: : : Multi-
valve req _ 2 t req _ 4 t req _ 6 t
Arm
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400
ila ilb ilc DC_MINUS
+
+
13 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012
Available models
Average value model
To get a fast solution only valid on AC side
+
vsua vsub vsuc
Id
iua iub iuc
on AC side
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
va
Ls Ls Ls
+
vsla vslb vslc
vc
va ib
vb ic Vd
on DC side
ia
Ls Ls Ls
Arm
+
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400
ila ilb ilc Ic I loss +
gate signal
I VPCC Iv Vf
Average
CCSC
Value d-q
abc d-q
Model of
converter ej
1.1
Voltage (pu)
1.05
Simulation results
INV1 REC1
SYS1 100 km
+ + WindFarm1
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
20000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 600 MW
INV2 REC2
SYS2 25 km
+ + WindFarm2
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 400 MW
100 km
REC3
+ WindFarm3
-
REC3 REC2 REC1
1000 MW
1000
Active Power (MW)
500
-500
-1000
BKIIp
BKIminus BKIminus_p
1000 MW 600 MW
BKIV
75 km 50 km
CBL_50km
+ + WindFarm2
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 400 MW
100 km
70 REC3
+ WindFarm3
60 -
BKIplus 1000 MW
50
Current (kA)
40
BKIplus_p
30
20 DC CB are modeled
by ideal switch
10
Next steps
HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark
D1
Will be developed by
WG B4-57 members in
B4 EMTP-RV, PSCAD,
OPAL-RT and Hypersim
B0 B1
E1
B5
B2
B6
B3 F1
C1 C1
A1
380kVRMSLL /_0 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
+
A1
C2
C2
+
155kVRMSLL /_0
500 MW
D1
D1 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
1000 MW
B4
B1
E1
E1
380kVRMSLL /_0 B5 B1
155kVRMSLL /_0
+
+
Vdc control
100 MW
B2
B6
B3 F1
F1
1500 MW B2
B3 155kVRMSLL /_0
+
500 MW
1500 MW
CIGRE benchmark
To be developed in 2012 in EMT tools
Will be delivered to DC grid WG members to perform transients studies (protection,
transient stability,)
Detailed data will be available in the B4-57 working document