Wass POLITICS Studies in Political Sociology BDITED BY Erik [Allarat anp Stein Rokkan WITH A FOREWORD BY Seymour M. Lipset The Free Press NEW YORK (Fr; Collier-Macmillan Limited Lonvow \fPAN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME: SPAIN JUAN 4 LINZ L {Pameca iis ne Sse ee san tal tot Apart deeds tne Word War Ite sinc bose by lca cot hoe Smart veri nan et dlemocrati rd ttarin av omc to bed a hon rt est {st comioaum, Ao effete nade tft various reins no one cee fe tp fen ang te dessin om nonce eer. Whe the Slasicton fe teen wa ot ening aso To 9 beyond rom the pining ial nt hae fl aeay sb pin sons lke Sonn and even Fast Ha or pest Jap, It te ft tstgoy. Te Unies has ern a ney came to del eh the "pros [Pena ame pty ime the underdog cas and ti “moder. tng" itary dct. 50 for example A. Tks reruson Fei Camas tnt Py Sed rk A nd YR“Soros and Fans Sra whch ot sapere mol fe ven a coon lke Hest Mathews, ft fom endly tothe Span ene write ‘ep Fm) isan ni. Ths das ot me Sinn a i ‘So i ran Stor, te dnt se ny nde a stttoal praises andthe eines deg! manatee We ‘tesbuta ted dasa resne whee this ep nr [rings samples Portal Spin an th phe Way. ‘Grist! Almond in bs ipornt arse on cmpatie pola ya, ts frelted mest cay Some aa carats ths ap fee ‘i by spokesmen sf rack epien Almond weet ‘ynaltr train reas fone tater hx yon that tee te “eo nt es nd ey sta ac eit ee se oe tolienoapten ht heheay nb ean ce raya ‘Sem ibe ahensen net bemere tbe rove ho cowl be argued that hero ed for ne pth wah — sins regimes so dsb re ely ier fo feet tation ‘Sloe at lent in th a eon o he her po Far orn {eaiaran ape mit be dus to adminatrate Ilene, enone tndefercopen,oresternl fs and peste lege apevog Lanes An dthrinin Rin: Sin 28 Mexican oe Turkish eds aftr thie natol revatione are might {atch fo enononse takwardoes and iow trdienalin. To ‘Gentes ll, we ag my Ht whe xt fatal te ‘yes ora edna bent some form eto Neate norer—prunsbiy—to prepare the county for i on ‘stor cuers roma trmiton fo democracy fas fo sack ine teem of sutortaran reine, Frm anther age, rh Tht ‘Sia characters 9 he sa struc make tmp or Chose ower toove toward te totalarsiem witht emugeig thei wr Dao Ths hypothesis sare thal Cos In power are delete Po ‘ve for some sige ina Wana ich nal en ttn rhe te sf ah te ie of contin séemtacy to ttaltarinin and to srs the datacentre far {aran ep, Unle mecamn eeterer neat thm he ors hd ich tyes he sono of oer hl by ine who shape thon, pins wi ar ot ary either democrat oF iain wl Be treated mee deviation frm thes esl yes an wil oo Be ued ‘remy and spurte ine any tle, he maton th euthran eines an arcion sich anderins erat carers and ignores, fst or the fie ‘Ring. diy of ren, ilfrences fe dere, and contr te ‘eprom Ina os Earopenn einer the wer ‘arya tht we woialautontr, Fes eles page lean Uenfeon minors were ing or totitaran state! the Haney of Hosts he solonele mpm old the Rumen and Yas {isos the Prag Estado Novo the Aura corporate Dolese Fee, Veh, are camp Toy the moll ofthe Soviet Union opts Snr in many aederdvsoped ses. Such reps exist une? an {oral panera he ck ofan comet ideslon aks “Thecternal orm of he he apd forthe ui and ceremonies nd terooogy, a he spe of oy Yo soci or sot ales, [Mvenee ey smite han he ato! eles hey ese. We toy te soy mie en a0 pes throughs, om, Spore the wring of urkapw and rewarded "idestegsty” without [fring ow thee ae stl tainted nose rty. The ws may ‘Sytorscampl, ht seyret 0 bea tember ofan ornate ‘Ela atmet acy th lm este soporte te 3 monopoly ‘lotr epeserttion, bt sta bine sos that hey lone {oitealy Hundreds of aetlonomows set grow mh ented Wefore the ‘pin sme tn pow ple ndctrnaton sue provid for in Cieteivrtc bi tare ent abe our ara nl aa, "Toe wy of tating utoarian regimes a ine (pe wi enmon ool pole ystems nannng antl ng gina. ‘eruing etn aren nse and appgeting her eng ons nd ring to varios itor spheres ke he aed ore, ons Sa the ntti the econo, le re ca fad ht Uy Bane Eheonre qt ier repimes ante ar ahora, andl inne that arn st fo be sia, he dion wl a bes id. {ce wllesplore nso dts ey nampa tes, Toe dfn a utbortaan rex ts rer ely Lo the concep genes Thr prs important se many aoritarian gates Alun to be "organs" ns” “cele” oe “gid demoraieh,o one a goverment democrat it nals tepar consitetion Fortunes for asl competion Po pte powe and ot jt are Brito diferent supe moat essing nyse clr of te optaten fy force Thi ation based on tne of Soup, Ine Lie? withthe don of te tae quent clade svtry tenet a he ninth cory, dancers In hich Ch ot ax basa {endo same gow but vith wal competion for pent Som xed flea Ae fonga few nist sage wee wt sapped oy fo more than lintel tins wean snner nich reper drei “A Schumprir hr steel, the element of competion for vote kes ioc. I cul eared that uthortnan reps ees pecom Som movrci, hive of ba erin Si Ibert, But we wou el Them ence hiareaon, To pea example cet ns palit fvoip ioe nt unr hat msn en cae Soin, prclry sins de fsa uher ar fred and permet ‘fis prtipatin the negations betwen workersand enpoer dese ninstrateattrough he Lf Adina Prcedar lowing the model of contol European adnate ln sd urtpadcae ony cements ofthe eit rent tcompasle wit aera {tne an porape rot ees wha eur ocaara ste, Hower Talc ere ling a lined nat of santon and stem, For eumst, nity eat pss tard pal democracy. In ht To dining ttn ne aa tf Hi te rm somewhat and ree fr the nau no for suai goverment be ake ace ‘Nese sont he sary set, when be wie ine: Aton Re Seale oar ditto aes onan, Lined neh by msc see cafeteria noe te te Sse of CJ. Pie's wal known dettoninade te folowing fie cere ofa moa sg, sith bate cement ig tins prtyungusteninay dated othe ony, eat compete comet [mate mata compete pial enol a te aad Toes an ston ‘teri pl entra dete gust demonstra eenes nance yeron ental sono and Gestion ofthe ccncmy se Ts more dee dfnon proves ere sds hohe ew of rest cevoprent wuld mat pe much empha 0 Oe Fle fe pee tnd tern pol! platen. mtoutsiborteané pune deo (et wih ine Tremere) wiboutntersne nv env olin mobiiaton cep ‘ne pois nts developmen) a is when adr fr ocsionly& {Sul ou) snercex power iin Formally i-ene hmtsba aly “To void any confadon ne wan 10 make at ena leaden isafioqcn carci bt nt asec) oe sine aja argent ‘hn custant he lenrs personaly mop a! ote dese factor, Prt free te ede doesnot ed ave earmate atin, at eat nt for Ingest of the popastion nor a al sages of development of he ‘pute I fas ey come ements fear, lan tional “havnt ten od ob ote porta ha eles [tlt for some secters of he poplin. ‘We pei xing than goverment inte the ately ow {thcp, preventing ven foray he pital exreson of cea group interes rhsn in Terty ard Mee, labor i pu o¢ Sap hem ‘imerarhist economies. Bein cones to some fhe ana of Tense the diinton teens sa and soy is wot obra. The Prsok ements tp deve etre hse rapier, Bet a Enotes that coat to demoraes ih the lost ned ‘ra, we del here nth nso lon The ation ay eel oe {tat sob ot scons str plital ropa o extended inc rps onz ere remain rows a ese Dy ot Spentom the state which tune to pot! proces on way earth. Some ‘Reinesevcn atta the lel pation one mane of Intependeny exsing grocer ttn, and sus eneurie ha cence To take an example wen Pri de River ceed his Naot ‘Remy i provied or he repesetton a he hur altar ott thn the soi, the amy and he uns commits wel a he et) teed pry te eine Re encore the cretion of enor Inte ups ta have ben the res pups of Spash sn ee Inthe offen dominant Pate Revaleonario Iacono Mex, thar promot ¥, Page to write: “An fa pty ne 0 messy Be intraen ofinposton Tay bea device fr bd he ptt etheriaranim and seen democracy. Wall sch ed at louomoss pl, hr yt be sate compen ot peer, mare or ls fora dept pen eration of mony. 1 {ar haan eps thatthe Flange ea he Fata ‘Srlilon, dropped Pot 7, wh od ‘We sal wrt to un eh tan ith oly he ass bet asi Weal ny at ef pa eo ‘Ths lain contents withthe tong donation, a the mono imped bythe tats party afer exoguering overs penton, Thragh te poses he Nenad Clean yeoman), {ind ot eoupr an opanions th cretion of antonalegatetons ‘ering trasion lr and uaa forthe pry, oitzng 60 Ste omot rom pls ike port ee Srano Ser, fe once powertl brothers of Fran, bead of the us Poitier eran erin aie mater egieer af Thee foundigthe ied prs, wer ute mzarely al wth awe rss othe arate, flows ters in pile soot pled not ely alent ut estate Lines A tion pies Spe and is open parispton in te eompetton for power, tous poles Farsi istiomizd In a domowracy pol frst on eect upper of pvenncat ples one thse neared at pile a pendent onthe spot sneer Th io lan of hasty a) ‘Bak tha eae, but he foal poi hd, Tnauhoraran eimesth me who come ope refine ves of tse rtp ton, but fom the tat pod them ty fhe er monarch or unt,” who ean aes ino aoust tha prestige a Stuenee. Thy hive «kindof constuecy, we might el pet titeacy, ut nol slay ar ten peal the sous of tt “The eovpttion fede i constant roses by which deen stoe x titatons become param ithe stro the soashdsed {Sultaran em hs press ple betwee beers epi {ow haa pat of the pole sacture ctl bythe reo, geeally ‘ependent on he arty oa atrovent autosita eme e- sent or newly erent ero th sty cam be epeset ye fen The ahortaran ene may 80 ey fr evar appre eng Drops rita othe chloe; ths pec of cool ms Met thera he iret control hay pet ut dot nae ff esamtenes the control poser fare. Te strength slog ‘ome heaton uy athe erosp wags monly ‘ot poner: the strength apd legsimaey of exsting ions, thet Intron the depres of econo auurchy pole al eft ‘ts may Hot maim suppcsion of sac. Ultimate conse ‘on of pve bel bythe autora lender may ake the dese ie ‘yh feadnp and eiient mays eonsving the lion between state pomer nape, rt Be examined if ne are otal he auth ‘ala eine i tron free ‘We wil pup te tem mentality rater tan idsogy.” The ‘Garman socsogi Theodor Gees has formated wt tinction trtwcen oles, which ar stn of thought oreo sexo tliorted end ose, oe n wien form, by nee peo thinking and fecting, more entional than rational, that provide no Essie ways of reacting to stanton, Iles hive «sone Woe Element metals ln the own on he at Total aan eet ‘elo, pt enpbnin yal tdens f ah es he the ral he ltr nod cl sere th mor ira “mentecmeinunersunding the ten, andthe more fees on esoge een thos lay peocmedty sheet ay be meng! Tesinereing to wee ha Nag 8 arpa i the creton of ich epi, warawureet dtinon along the tae oes when he wee 4 et nent st des eC ‘ald “iy” of th vain Pehaps, nce ete es are ne ie a ef nn. Eas ilosphy” ashen deed by Nada Sen ft rasan ho py od ‘They posed a work ut poopy a pon na ea xpera The ret wes ye te masher sie ees ands Nah The ew thrid Ick fc sony i ein when we rea ert ie these rom Fran's lengthy anf aly T1936 ‘Te shan a Spain mae te ey; amchy ia the may ct io spi ye ane sow Peace an lowe among the Spun. Literty and faery fre fon iene od Sy a oe jie wit ery a Sis lps oS ee dn, Eesha ste! Ve the met “The same ack of novelty in thes and symbols can beeen when Var sayzog Ober 1980, ate sim ut es her den the ‘eo ty he supa sein th the pee ie by te Seana aeety edo veep at Lines Ae Atrio Reine Soin tp the matin oat wet esa aoe the earn Given the lane of many autortran rpnethote of Saar Dain, Fane, ten Baar on cone interprets of Cals soatl doting we igh atk wetting an eon. Inkling about the ela nso ttn, rates he ae follow oat ih lion mtn ne pi shor ec hh ty ln eee een ay In some cass ths ideology compte and oes wth athe sop urn bteven wre its dominant ne wo ath cnn rove theta ora totalitarian sme ene ff ttre ae ow tn arin hte tol pone onan isola whowe ely nat tt Drees rules oui conital? Ges he dinates of Char Sit thneraationlom of the Cure nthe pow ie Pope ti toes cmeratine Cato seloy In Ka mie oases tonard totaarans The Fanconi i to face ‘owinglapor move urchin or suppor, caret Ieologal terns. Sifting an Serge! erreiton af te Ca ‘csi ecrinei theaes non» stong clement lara whee ‘techie docsmal dessin ote the polars.” Sabi storing repmes are ates by ik fxs ad Inesive plc! moialion othe populion. Memes patti ‘stow im pola and prt argnztion nd prtiation the Shel port rita Md whether coro manipula ot volt, {neg and ine, The common tc exes it nb ap [ovfbritereginein ons, rena als Rar a enti {oF suppor, the ep fn xpete—ven fam fie holders and i rentt—pataveorpanc, at ast they rein fem publi at goverment cy Lat sess th dpoitatin aerate of «sia ten wry nie poplar pation. We oul! eto poe tat this partition rot Hobe tad over sng peed “lemocrite dition. Howeter, the depecr af ottzaton might be therot seul eosin on wih to ding stipes of authoritarian ‘eon side we hive hoe that Raymond Aron" has raced at sens woot partir which "rare 2 ind of deobttion ofthe rer ner me crud ell “opal” i wich thei aoe ‘Emin ir of mobadon. withoat reaching he pervasvenest eed inant of the taaran mel Reco he fmporaoe of Sach | tisuncion!9 we ould ike fo sug tat stan the derenee mht be Imee tht of sages the desapmest of onder repmes th 3 ‘owt dln, lt wold tea mandi contemporary Spas 0 Utmost ight of partion party ati, south oo, oie Coed ele actor oto maton rll, pares, “ORE te Saft Civ Warin Navona punsondibe ent ofivlvenet, tole eo emotion, pops a ctr he ppulton met Strona" No on can dey tothe appeared during he eas afer the Nistor. his war ao only hea est the eager ahd eres in Inula iy bu sho Socne the sci tre of = semieloped ‘Shy, ad the soi, ettwioal at eologlpurasm mate sch Tele at ptiption nena witht ether ebay he through Seamed pie ot ting that param ath hecehia, Sie ‘Spool ant dsopcaly contd single parte cotes of he ely Fars tbe tat pony mas ended an tbe wl Go impse tay Tein stem, Senate a th csion rater fhe res Franc led wit, a absent rm an army (nstucng ts aden) whith bad m0 {ings wel cna log. would ket nse he question open Mose husie wil bot undergo smo pres, ansforang te Pies nd soonest options nto aunt th tte pps tress) ofa paloma cancion, wih ie pune pti {dan even of 8 maipltve pe ‘wore can ating tnt the dea f moition ay Spend on the pe fa ch te tom finde a, we shoud ot ignore Cae Ieee of sch resins may op tetera rerloy pial modtion ss sirable or peters to ute without The option ay feet loa retest nnces toward sacl cane resins change [itm sbeld no somiderthisthe oly dah actor Inf, We could "ove ttt chore wl ped note onthe oppor fied by ie ‘Seal srs the pel costa a he intertionalsituation for ‘zation fpr ome power, theron he look af te es ‘nthe shri e “outcome” The sapacty to hing are power foratll ange ms) tpt depend 0 he ape for asad ob "Thur on the one ide we have rps coming to power er pid of costae esiind pol st lak of commun aeder Someta [overnment ane shored revlon: ll hse wl en to ee pay 0 ‘Sonate tht power, est te apathy of ose nt ely be mam ove Line: A tro Ree: Spain 264 tothe pci, The deplitizaton a theses woe one way to ee the euson nthe oe and ceva minum of riers wich shee cul peas te eth bly toaaan spent he ‘Senden Dvaleation tnd autostarian reine hs Cain Fra ‘athe era gation ototaltariany bat fein hat ts prvi thn Is comet ce usbsseuseneoraped by thse in power. Such !polisen mould Me poe tom postions of power and ance i 4 {Sra tens im sme authoritarian reine even talued 3 at ‘seo 0s puNely hined by person apie fo hgh ofice who Stat ey tate nee been ave ied Ia "plies Reig to his ‘Epstnuion some cas ave called he te Frat otal ond Fedo fell song) te sean pei Pola ‘Oh the other side we ave ees ng fo ain control of sects in wh the ass verbo mobile hy ay pois fre, ai Inn the preseding pine a hence of eon fl, 8 ato ‘Rotary, eres an lari doercy. The sitions a aly to ‘inl wth underdeveloped thr than emideveloped sci where te rdspieged anes hve ot geht loa to ay opnied move: ret congue the aniulton se test nly Tae politi csttoes of Latin Americ rane ern mas ue Smeg Workers that the suppor of Fane, even wih socalypropesse Fries and demagope spp woud rear have sized in senting veoh prea star af Spin. The content fhe oles might ot ate been ar ec ah lof poise and expat developmen ihe count. The dee of mobzaon nde nuthin ale ay not eped atsuth the dee of thee 09 The enpotniis fo snltin, shaped by previous soy, economic and sal develope nd ven the dete of ral and complet ofthese. Lat tn ie, he cnn! son af the canes the posse eo ot to we 4 cenophodic appa rallying people of a ches and degrees of ‘Mencton wah the sen, fo nan! aut mah te dee. Fort presse can ninth piston Hoan athostaran system a nts Execan Afra nai thes coat manfeton of mas pat ‘Son wereachoed wie the Unted Nation tstod tha prese onder thers of Sp Grae Teo ake 0 ogy amar ere athe ease of ow mobiation corour doubt about te capi f uch regis to sta 8 iinet Segre of matin for un eg of tne thot consi sang Inher repe—limtation ef piri sd empha onan sesoey ‘oars deco tut eu iat st some fa nh aben ‘moder revostoniy Wolo, refrmi, purely Breasate end ‘ccna foram, dee not provide aes Yok fr Aion, ttevctreofunderdesnped counties dass not motte steno. els Atayoay acy. Exes or een stay ile ae sth snc: for example the earn Falah "a One! fom te ‘Repent “Used a form fe, ncaa‘socton and le of Mand slowly os apres. Plaitie elements of fatheriaien spines vit pohiltion vs fet tt tin cn fcc so Tor example, in Spin the chutscontald socosdary lation tn cee the eenton ofa efi, nese, youth ‘nant sco cass the vom’ oration of te party Bd a mpet ws Cabo Acton ate taal were organo ike {H0Re Cry an so om Fully, esp and be aru tse es dive tine od every form pice noe seanary grou ‘Wun sci snd sonic change comethe roto ria inerestsndthe tage 1 improve on’ ving stanard. On ins sey whet te oer Incite pina employer, or eon the econo a soup eo hort ean oer fic evar the izes whe pct, Set see prion nicer prop he how ereeng demos [ekiy, Eenomic domes nd induatliation sem be tp ‘Safin for vaso ie der ay eo” Limi easy Low comes ae soch backs ht ony he deron 9 omit ‘urs aes prepa fey lent oie ‘Undoubly ssh soc and tractor ats may be overcome i he reicsip ely commie t the de of = tied moe he ‘The try siftrnt atte of one spel aboriarian Feet wel de Soda thee comets of Maca nen abouts Mangviaspliel ed ot an opioa re en in ity nee it ‘pm ech ctl th sues eon, ms fon in hoe ths he (tos lrprsando ors omc too es peste This cons mail wk be avin of tin sar hi spay enact pti he peered nd moron {Regen aptly ses acess ores with nomen oro {Kors et drs Peary commits dso Tis wise parr rows ot of demote logy. the o ‘Unicity ora nes Velapneincta Some of hoe ‘Sint ndinsoting bowie noc sori mre an he to {Sian hh rsp nomi osteo niere other lepers thre nema ht ol mont ‘Sinn eins cera parse ler has eae be il cou sows te mr of Alon and era In oar Spon erry therein ees Te sce In Stee ay techn aonglie oee ‘Clg wioa ang ay vag, Pau pl go tle Fein a itaranssrnon wie pce tes promi ect snizatons In Spin, many vlustary asin inked wih the pry have eet conacoulydeplicae, av when th afi youth ‘anzton diconincl i nc aot tested lender boop lite and sovomery. (Changes in terminology ere ne, were taeid haring alse feng Inet cst ite SEU {he ofc stan organianton fe tons up othe fcaty ee have Silredenen sens om ie ep to oceopy fuel postions, se Thing tt ceri wasnt eee “he depolscaton of oily eats accxatons hs crm en sign to pan; with the “en of sg the poiceten re ed esr grosps carci of European democrat pre fom he at of "econ to Word War as ae ead acco bead iat theron provided a eon rl om overpltiaton i dea Sri satis whch a ol developed pai slay seins boporion to henner of re eating pil proupe An Haan feat worker ini ies exe the when he dof hi working ls ‘igsbortood im Gens sli then ayn ao ky ht oe, nf cots ihe Spin we ind rapid and erated growth of velastarysnocitons, necearly pot open pital and. Retry ‘olan cot ears, prea in eas er helene ec Stale in hisses sone of ava tucaos won ao be apricate tothe apaiiem ofthe mason inSain” wold ses at the cera autora rent parsing tr the otalaran order mode he reser wills lod some ‘dof mobizaton Soe Spans eine made preter er to orgie fess mets, pra, ple eee i9the Fannie sod than nd: whlch bore mre pri th beso eps tte Since bath pais an paripaton characterize demaeae ples foding on shih samen fous on: ig partition at etn Fsi Germany was ratty democrat; sig pla, a wpe he Howth whi was ceri tpt cond be tere lily ‘servativ, ay have something to-do with the dogce of mobilization ct ay ve ch sprees I would nt Be sri tf gate ‘tent cere of mablatn ren whee sono Soop pose, ‘pansion af education or seta nd wel sae sete ae gut Sit, Sul woutdagcetbat bau sch meio te inrution of