COMMUNITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

The Making of an Outstanding Matikas PDA Dental Chapter

Dr. Noel V.Vallesteros

Philippine Dental Association
Philippine Pediatric Dental Society Inc.
AWARD
a prize or other mark of
recognition given in honour
of an achievement

after a careful
EVALUATION.
EVALUATION

a process that critically examines a program

It involves collecting and analyzing information

about a program's activities, characteristics, and
outcomes.

Its purpose is to make judgments about a program,

to improve its effectiveness, and/or to inform
programming decisions.

Patton, 1987
OBJECTIVES

1. To evaluate programs that are aligned with the PDAs

objective in alleviating the oral health problem in the
Philippines.
2. To recognize best practices and role models in the practice
of dentistry in the Philippines.
3. To motivate chapters/ affiliates and individual members to
come out with excellent programs particularly in the field
of professional development program and community
service.
4. To inspire future leaders in the profession to improve and
expand best practices in the community.
Manner or Presentation
PDF file: a scanned version of the hard copy submitted on USB.
Bi-annual with the following deadlines for submission of
reports:

1st Half (June to October)- October 15, 2017

2nd Half (October 2017 to March 2018)- March 15, 2018

Submit your reports of activities on or before 5 pm of the

above dates to the PDA Committee on Awards, PDA Building,
Ayala Avenue corner Kamagong Street, Makati City.

Reports may be sent via email or on USB at the PDA office

(philippinedentalassociation15@gmail.com) Ms. Mercy King.
 1st REPORT

PPT PRESENTATION &

INTERVIEW
SEMI-FINALISTS

2nd REPORT

SITE VISIT

AWARDS NIGHT
First Report

Vision-Mission of the Chapter/ Affiliate

The Presidents Goals & Objectives
The President's Program/ Project Plans
Continuing Professional Development
Community Service (PDA Serbisyong Pinoy)
Research and Publications
Tri-Media
Participation with PDA activities
Other Professionally-Related Developments
Budget/ Financial Plan
Second Report

Progress notes and documentation

PDA Serbisyong Pinoy
Results
Analysis
Conclusions
Recommendations
It starts with a VISION.

A vision statement describes the organization as it

would appear in a future successful state.
 B ES T
T H E
 A mission statement explains the
organizations reason for existence. It
describes the organization, what it does
and its overall intention.

The mission statement supports the

vision and serves to communicate
purpose and direction to its members
and other stakeholders.
 AL I T Y
T QU
BES
The Philippine Dental Association
Dedicated to help and serve our nation
We stand for charity and were one in unity
Our goal the progress of our country
Philippine Dental Association

Better oral health for the Filipino people

Optimum benefits for its members

What is the NUMBER ONE
oral health problem in the
Philippines?
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES- PHILIPPINES
(NMEDS 2011)

REGION 5 YEARS ALL %

OLD %
I, III 96.9 88.3
11. CAR 84.8 85.7
IV-A, IV-B 92.2 93.2
V,VI 90.8 82.3
VII,VIII 84.6 90.5
IX, X 76.9 83.2
XI, Caraga 84.8 81.5
XIII, ARMM 89.5 92.0
NCR 89.1 90.0
OVERALL
OVERALL 87.7
87.7% 87.4
87.4%
Philippine Dental Association

Public health service is the

L I T Y ?
Q UA
CORE of PDA.
Continuing education is a moral and
professional responsibility of every
PDA member.
CRITERIA

50% Community Service & Development

30% Continuing Professional Development

& Research

20% Other PDA activities

AUTONOMY

1. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE/
RELEVANCE

2. EVIDENCE-BASED DENTISTRY



3. ETHICS

1. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE/ RELEVANCE

a. the ongoing process of acquiring an understanding

of how the values, beliefs, attitudes, and traditions
of racial, ethnic, religious, sexual orientation,
gender identity, socio-economic, and other groups
contribute to our own and other peoples
cultures;
b. learning about personal circumstances, conditions,
nature, and experiences that influence our own
and other peoples thinking, behavior, and
community roles;
c. acknowledging differences and similarities in
power and privilege among groups of people; and
d. using this knowledge to work effectively with all
people.
2. EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY

Dentistry has evolved as a strong and

respected profession based on
SOUND SCIENCE.



We strongly support this tradition of
dentistry as a profession rooted in constantly
evolving scientific information and an ethical
duty to act for the benefit of others.

 S I N G !
V E R T I
S E A D M O ! A !
F A L T P R O M E D I
D U C I A L
PRO o n S O C
L I S M D O T E !
T I O N A A N E C N S !
A L I O
SENS PE R S O N A
R A L I Z A T
G E N E I O N !
P I N G N T U I T S !
S W E E & I P T I O N
N I O N E R C E I O N !
OPI N S & P
F O R M A T
P T I O E I N
A S S U M
& O BS O L E T versus
D A T E D
OUT SYSTEMAT
IC REVIE
RANDOMIZ WS!
ED CONTR
COCHRANE OLLED TR
COLLABOR IALS!
METAANA ATION!
CLINICAL LYSIS!
RECOMMEN
DATION!
 Country DMFT Year of Survey
Brunei Darussalam 4.8 1999
0.6 2012*
Cambodia 3.5 2011
China 0.5 2005
Lao P.D. Republic 1.8 2006
Malaysia 1.1 2007

Philippines 3.25 2011

Thailand 1.9 2006
Tonga 3.1 1998
Vanuatu 1.2 1992
Vietnam 1.9 2001

NMEDS 2011
*Report of CDO of Brunei Darussalam
BRUSHING

FLUORIDES

SUGAR REDUCTION
3. ETHICS
A system of moral principles or values;

The rules of standards governing the conduct of members

of a profession;

Accepted rules of right or wrong;

And establishing the means of doing what is right, fair, and

honest;

Human rights are the basis of the ethical duties and

responsibilities that share with other persons.
The professional dentist must ensure
professional confidentiality of ALL
information about patients and their
treatment.
FDI World Dental Federation
Dental Ethics Manual
PROTECTING PRIVACY IN

COMMUNITY BASED SETTINGS



The individual treated at community based
clinics must be GUARANTEED the same
protection as those patients treated in
private practice settings.

HIPPOCRATIC OATH
What I may see or hear
in or outside the course of treatment
which on no account may be spread abroad,
I will keep to myself,
holding such things shameful to speak about.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
The heart of dental public health
A project is a temporary entity established
to deliver specific (often tangible) outputs
in line with predefined time, cost and
quality constraints.

A program is a portfolio comprised of

multiple projects that are managed and
coordinated as one unit with the objective
of achieving (often intangible) outcomes
and benefits for the organization.
 PROJECT PROGRAM

OBJECTIVES Outputs tangible; relatively Outcomes often intangible; difficult to

easy to describe, define and quantify; benefits often based on
measure; tending towards changes to organizational culture and
objective. behaviors; introducing new capabilities
into the organization; tending towards
subjective.
SCOPE Strictly limited; tightly defined; Not tightly defined or bounded; likely to
not likely to be subject to change during the life cycle of the
material change during the life program.
of the project.
DURATION Relatively short term; typically Relatively long term typically eighteen
three to six months. months to three years.

RISK PROFILE Project risk is relatively easy
to identify and manage. The
project failure would result in
relatively limited impact on
the organization relative to
program risk.
Program risk is more complex and
potentially the impact on the
organization if a risk materializes will be
greater relative to project risk.
Programme failure could result in
material financial, reputational or
operational loss.
 PROJECT PROGRAM

NATURE OF Clearly defined. Ill-defined; often disagreement between

THE PROBLEM key stakeholders on the nature and
definition of the problem.

NATURE OF A relatively limited number of A significant number of potential

THE SOLUTION potential solutions. solutions with often with disagreement
between stakeholders as to the
preferred solution.
STAKEHOLDERS A relatively limited number of A significant number of diverse
stakeholders. stakeholders; probable disagreement
between them as to the definition of the
problem & the preferred solution.
RELATIONSHIP Environment within which the Environment is dynamic; and
TO project takes place is programme objectives need to be
ENVIRONMENT understood and relatively managed in the context of the changing
stable. environment within which the
organization operates.
RESOURCES Resources to deliver the Resources are constrained and limited;
project can be reasonably there is competition for resources
estimated in advance. between projects.
CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

1. Community recognized need

2. Sufficient community resources
3. Effective evidence-based interventions
4. Cost effectiveness
5. Proactive approach
6. Common risk factor
7. Community acceptance
 1. Community recognized need

Need versus demand

Community must consider problems

serious and relevant.

Oral health is essential to general health.

Ownership and commitment-

critical to success
 2. Sufficient community resources
To start a program without the necessary resources is
potentially worse than doing nothing at all.

Resources: people power, money, time,

communication, transportation, facilities, supplies,
equipment, and legislative authority

Public-private partnerships and volunteerism are

important mechanisms to sustain programs.

Leveraging resources- combining resources with

other programs, working in community coalitions, or
with partners to achieve mutual goals
MOBILIZING FOR ACTION THROUGH PLANNING
AND PARTNERSHIPS (MAPP)
PPP- Public Private Partnership
DOH
DSWD
DepEd
NGOs
PDA
Rotary
PCSO
International Agencies
 3. Evidence-based effective interventions

Interventions- science based and

proven appropriate for individuals
and communities
 4. Cost effectiveness

Deliver enough benefit to justify their

cost.
More affordable, high impact, more
sustainable
 5. Proactive approach
Health promoting interventions are most effective if
they strategically predict, plan, and present potential
crisis rather than react to problems.

6. Common risk factor

Factors that increase oral disease risk often raise the
risk for other illnesses as well. e.g. smoking, diabetes
Maximizes the use of resources and avoids
unnecessary duplication of efforts.
e.g. Nurses trained to do oral assessment and fluoride
varnish application during well-baby visits.
CARIES IS A CHRONIC & BEHAVIORAL DISEASE.

Solution is behavioral, NOT technical.

Solution is long term, not one-time.

Solution must be sustainable.

 7. Community acceptance
Accepted by stakeholders

Include community and organization

decision makers, sponsors, dental health
professionals, and targeted end users.

Broad representation should be included during

initial program development and continued
during all stages.

Groups are motivated by the recognition that

programs will have a direct benefit for them.
PLANNING (Koontz, 1980)

Planning is deciding in advance

what to do (activities)
how to do (approach)
when to do it (time/schedule)
who is to do it (people staff)
PLANNING FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAMS

1. COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT

2. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

3. ACTION PLAN

4. EVALUATION

ASSESS DEVELOP ACT EVALUATE

1. ASSESS

I. Collection of facts
1. Demographic data
Age, gender, education, occupation, income, ethnicity/
language, geographic area, length of residence, school
enrollment
2. Knowledge, attitudes and practices
Frequency and values regarding visits to dentist
3. Oral health status indicators
DMFT, dmft, ICDAS, PUFA
VPI
4. Impact of current oral health levels
Time lost from school and work and expenditures for
dental services
5. Dental resources and existing programs
Number, type, distribution of dentists
Information about environment related to oral health
6. Available information relating to the community
Primary data- data collected specifically for use in a program
Secondary data- data already available

TYPE OF DATA TECHNIQUE

Primary Survey/ questionnaire
Interview
Observation
Experiment
Secondary Computerized database
Bibliographic database
Numeric database
SURVEY METHODS

OH Status- dental index with standardized methods and

calibrated examiners
DMFT, dmft, ICDAS, PUFA, pufa,VPI

KSA- focus groups, surveys, individual interviews

Statistician- helps in sampling, recording methods, data

analysis, presentation of findings

Calibration

Pilot test- method of confirming the survey is usable, to

determine if people interpret questions as intended, and to
make sure that given answers include all possibilities.
II. Identification of needs
All primary and secondary information builds community
profile.
Community profile- a demographic description of a
community, including the total population, number of
households and size, age distribution, household income,
marital status, racial/ ethnic composition, education,
geographic boundaries, the political and economic
atmosphere, and dental and medical resources.
Planner assesses the feasibility of a program and whether
or not there are sufficient resources to provide it.

III. Analysis of needs

Data are tabulated, organized and interpreted.
Graphs, table and charts
Mapping- a tool to identify trends, patterns, and
opportunities.
IV. Prioritization of needs

Needs analysis- helps determine whether a problem

is caused by a lack of service or lack of use of existing
services.

Setting priorities consideration

Emergency nature of the problem
Number of people affected
Publics perception of its importance
Degree to which conditions can be prevented or
controlled
Availability and acceptance of effective technologies
Prioritize HIGH-RISK POPULATION

Infants
Preschool children
School-age children
Adolescents
Persons with disabilities
Medically compromised persons
Elderly persons
Expectant mothers
Low income minority groups (urban & rural)
Geographically isolated people
2. DEVELOP

Mission statement

Program goals

Program objectives

Program interventions

Program activities
MISSION STATEMENT

A single statement that expresses a broad

overarching purpose for the programs
existence.

Broad long-term guide

To + directional statement + quality of life or

category of service area + target group
MISSION STATEMENT

To + directional statement + quality of life or

category of service area + target group

To + provide the best quality of dental health

education and services + for its members.
(PDA Laguna Dental Chapter) (Organization)

To improve the oral health and general health

status of preschoolers in Lipa City through the
improvement of personal hygiene habits of day
care pupils. (Batang May K) (Program)
PROGRAM GOALS

Broad-based statements of desired long term

or short term changes that, if achieved will
alleviate identified needs.

will address identified needs and are more

specific than the mission statement.

To + directional statement + need area

+ target group
Example:

To + directional statement + need area

+ target group

To institutionalize the performance of daily tooth

brushing with fluoride toothpaste and hand
washing with soap in at least 80% of the day care
centers of Lipa city. (Batang May K)
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

Designed to meet goals

More specific than goals
Guide program interventions

Designed to address the needs and reasons

for needs that were identified during needs
assessment

To + directional statement + change in client

or environment + target group
Example:
To increase communication, coordination, and networking between the local
government unit (LGU), day care centers, and NGOs (e.g. Philippine Dental
Association and Philippine Pediatric Dental Society Inc).
To issue an LGU city ordinance that would provide memorandum of
agreement, policies, and orders on program implementation in all day care
centers in Lipa City.
To increase knowledge and capacity of government agencies, local
government unit (LGU) officials, day care teachers and parents to take
responsibility and action to enhance general and oral health of preschool
children.
To integrate oral health and personal hygiene in the school curriculum and
daily practice.
To improve sanitation, hand washing, and tooth brushing facilities and water
supply in at least 80% of day care centers in Lipa City.
To implement a regular twice-a-year de-worming program.
To inform the public and promote the project with the support of Unilever
Philippines through newspaper, radio, and television exposure.
To achieve sustainability of the project by mainstreaming the strategies and
incorporation of project costs of supplies into the city budget.
SMART:
Specific:
Focus and precision
Eliminated confusion
Allows easier measurement and documentation
Measurable:
Must be easily assessed to gauge progress of the program
Appropriate:
Needs of the population should be the central focus of any
intervention
The end result should be reasonably attainable
Realistic/ Related:
Achievable yet challenging
Should be directly related to expected outcomes
Time Bound:
A timescale be specified to assess changes achieved.
PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS

Task oriented
Designed to answer the explanation of the
problem or identified need

To + action term + units of service

+ target population
Example:
Facilitate meetings with all stakeholders, at least twice a year in the first year and
once a year thereafter, to familiarize and discuss with all partners the objectives
and the activities of the project and find agreement on definition of roles and
responsibilities to carry out the program effectively.
Signing of memorandum of agreement between the different partners in the
project.
Establish the project administration in ensuring the realization of project activities
and submission of project deliverables within time, cost and resource constraints.
Issuance of LGU order/ city ordinance on program implementation and
mainstreaming the costs of the program in the annual city budget.
Conduct health promotion seminars for LGU officials and decision makers to
enable them to take responsibility and issue public health policies.
Conduct health promotion seminars for all day care teachers and selected
parents to enable them to organize and carry out effective hygiene practices in
day care centers. Basic health promotion seminar will be given at start of the
program and a refresher course once a year.
Conduct health information/ promotion during PTCA meetings for all parents of
day care centers by trained day care teachers.
Incorporation of oral health in the curriculum
Installation of spit trays/ sinks and toothbrush holders in all day care centers
4 TYPES OF PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS

1. Direct service
Provision of services

2. Educational
Provision of information

3. Organizational changes
Changes in organization infrastructure

4. Power
Litigation of law forming
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Component steps required to carry out an

intervention

Direct activities
steps directly involved in the delivery of intervention
ex. Lecture- reviewing materials, drafting lesson plan,
developing handouts, etc.

Indirect activities
behind the scenes activities required to carry out
an intervention
Administrative, support, maintenance, risk
management
ex. Fiscal control, record keeping, secretarial support,
equipment maintenance, safety procedures
3. ACT

explains what, where, and when the

program activities are accomplished

Organizational chart
Job description
Client flow charts
Time lines and narrative
Program budget
 Organizational chart- details the chain command and
explains how information flows through a department
 Job description
To advertise for staff openings
To define and divide activities in a team
To clarify each persons role in the program

4 Parts
i. Job title
ii. Job qualifications
iii. Job responsibilities
iv. Job compensation
 Client flow charts
illustrate how clients or patients flow through the
system
Offer checkpoints for decision making,
documentation, and data collection
 PROGRAM BUDGET

Inadequate funding and lack of resources is

one of the major reasons for program failure.
Ineffective programs can result from trying to
create a program with inadequate funds.
Public health programs are often planned
around predetermined, limited or mandated
funds.
Creative program planners use leveraged
resources by working collaboratively with
other programs toward common goals.
 TIME LINES- a chart that lists target dates for completion of program
PROGRAM TIME LINE
7/17 8/17 9/17 10/17 11/17 12/17 1/18 2/19

1. Agency contacts sites/ Pilot tests

2. Meet with focus groups
3. Plan educational component
4. Plan WIC/ client interface
5. Agency follow-up with sites
6. Order supplies/ Orientation schedule
7. Intervention
8. Initial evaluation
9. Evaluate process/ compliance
10. Make improvements
11. Gather data
12. Write reports
13. Full plan implementation
 PROGRAM BUDGET
IN-KIND SUPPORT
Office Equipment (estimate value of each)
Phone
Office Space/ Storage
Mirrors and Explorers
Use of Private Vehicle
CONTRACT PERSONNEL
Project Director: $30/ hour, 4 hours/week x 36 weeks $4320.00
Dentist: $50/ hour, 4 hours/ month x 6 months $1200.00
Assistant: $18/ hour, 4 hours/ month x 6 months $432.00
TOTAL FOR PERSONNEL $5952.00
DENTAL SUPPLIES
Toothbrushes: $8/ dozen x 50 $400.00
Fluoride varnish: $20/ tube x 100 tubes $2000.00
Disposable application brushes: $19/ box of 144 x 100 $190.00
Disposable dappen dishes: $35 per box of 1000 x 2 $70.00
Incentives: $1 x1200 $1200.00
TOTAL FOR DENTAL SUPPLIES $3860.00
PROGRAM TOTAL $9812.00
4. EVALUATE

Most important contribution:

To provide quality services to people in need

To develop good practice

To make best use of scarce resources

To provide feedback to staff and participants

To shape policy development

EVALUATION FOCUS

The most appropriate focus is on

improvement of processes, implementation,
efficiency, or anything that makes a program
more organized and cost effective.

Quantitative or qualitative

Knowledge, skills and behaviors

EVALUATION TIMING

1. FORMATIVE/ PROCESS EVALUATION

- occurs during the implementation process
- points out problems and identifies
opportunities to make improvements

2. SUMMATIVE/ OUTCOME EVALUATION

- occurs after the intervention
- the results are compared with the goals
and objectives and used to determine the
impact on the communitys health
EVALUATION DESIGNS

1. Postprogram only

2. Preprogram and Postprogram

3. Preprogram and Postprogram With A

Comparison Group

4. Preprogram and Postprogram With A

Control Group
DOCUMENTATION: PICTURES
LOGIC MODEL
 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

1. ASSESSMENT

6. DOCUMENTATION 2. DIAGNOSIS

5. EVALUATION 3. PLANNING

4. IMPLEMENTATION
Report Presentation
Content- short, simple, clear,
straightforward, objective
Pictures & documents- relevant
Consistent quality of care
1. LONG TERM versus short term/ one-time

Dental missions

One time lectures

One time fluoride applications

2. PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS versus activities

3. QUALITY precedes quantity

4. EMPOWERMENT versus dole-outs

5. COMMUNITY CENTERED versus

product endorsement

 REMEMBER!

1. More focus on lessons learned

(NOT successess or failures).
2. Do not impress.
3. Do not expect.
4. Do your best. God do the rest.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
I. Evaluation
a. Definition
b. PDA Awards
II. Vision
III. Autonomy
a. Cultural relevance/ significance
b. Evidence based dentistry
c. Ethics
IV. Program development
a. Project versus program
b. Criteria for effective community development
1. Community recognized need
2. Sufficient community resources
3. Effective evidence based interventions
4. Proactive approach
5. Cost effective
6. Community acceptance
V. Planning
a. Assess
1. Collect data
2. Identify needs
3. Analyze needs
4. Prioritize
b. Develop
1. Mission
2. Goals
3. Objectives
4. Interventions
I. Services
II. Educational
III. Organizational
IV. Power
5. Activities
c. Act
1. Organizational chart
2. Job description
3. Flow chart
4. Budget
5. Timeline
d. Evaluate
1. Formative/ Process
2. Summative/ Outcome
 REFLECTION WITHOUT ACTION IS A DREAM.
ACTION WITHOUT REFLECTION IS A NIGHTMARE.
Look beyond the claim of doing good, while fully recognizing
the personal, societal, and ethical values of volunteering