Technological Institute of the Philippines

Electrical Engineering Department

Electrical Transmission and Distribution System and
Design

Laboratory Experiment 4

Efficiency and Voltage Regulation of Three Phase Transmission Lines

Score

Leaders Name (LN, FN, MI)

Group Members (LN, FN, MI)

Date of Performance
Date of Submission
COURSE CODE / SECTION CODE
Name of Instructor
Signature of Instructor
 Laboratory Report Rubric
Title of Experiment:
Criteria

Appearance, Organization and Completeness of Laboratory Report

Accuracy of Results/Data Gathered

Discussion of Results (Analysis and Interpretation)

Conclusion

Use of Language

Punctuality

Practical
Assessment
(X4)
Other Comments/Observations:

Gerard Francesco DG. Apolinario

Signature over Printed Name of
Instructor
 Laboratory Experiment 4
Efficiency and Voltage Regulation of Three Phase Transmission Lines
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To analyze the efficiency and voltage regulation of three phase transmission lines. The most important part of this experim

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Connect three phase transmission lines with length 150 km and 300 km at different loading conditions.
2.2 Investigate the behavior of three phase transmission lines by observing the efficiency and voltage regulation.

3. Discussion:
The general equations relating voltage and current on a transmission line recognize the fact that all the four parameters of a t
If an overhead transmission line is classified as short, shunt capacitance is so small that it can be
neglected, and we need to consider only the series resistance R and series inductance L for the total length of the line.
As the line length and voltage increase for medium transmission lines, the use of the formulas developed for short transmissio
60 Hz lines less than 80 km (50 mi) long are short transmission lines. Medium transmission lines are roughly between 80 km
The calculation of the efficiency as well as voltage regulation is very important to examine the behavior of transmission line
The transmission efficiency can be expressed as
Output
Efficiency ()= 100 % Input
or
Output
Efficiency ()= 100 % Output+Losses
The voltage regulation of the line is defined by the rise in voltage when full load is removed.
|VR,NL |-|VR,FL |
%VR= 100 %
|VR,FL |
At no load conditions, receiving end current would be zero, therefore,
VS =AVR,NL
and also,
VS
V = R,NL
A
Voltage regulation can be expressed as,
|V
A
S
| -|VR,FL |
%VR= 100 %
|VR,FL |
Where:
| | magnitude of sending end phase (line to neutral) voltage at no load
|, | magnitude of receiving end voltage at no load
|, | magnitude of receiving end voltage at full load with constant |VS|
A constant A of the transmission line generalized equation (ABCD constants)
4. Resources:
1 Transmission Line Trainer (TLT) consisting of:
2 Transmission Line Model 150 and 300 km
1 Power Switch Module
1 Resistive Load (3 phase, 1 kW)
1 Inductive Load (3 phase, 1 kW)
1 Capacitive Load (3 phase, 1 kW)
Adjustable Three Phase Supply (0 400 V/2 A, 72 PU)
2 Three Phase Meter
Table top housing for 72 PU inserts for CEE three phase connection
5 way socket strip with illuminated mains switch
Analog/digital multimeter, power meter/power factor meter
23 Connecting Wires
32 U type connectors
10 H type connectors
5. Procedure:
Simulated in this experiment are the efficiency and voltage regulation of three phase transmission lines for the line lengths
380 V.
1. Assemble the circuit in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1 Experiment circuit for measurements of efficiency and voltage regulation
2. Using a 150 km length, connect the 2H inductor and load resistor in parallel and star configuration in
each case and set the voltage at the start of the line to 380 V.
3. Perform any necessary readjustment to avoid excess voltages at the end of the line.
4. Adjust the load resistor to maintain a power level of 300 W.
5. Enter the values of the specified parameters in the table 4.1. The power levels again comprise total
values.
6. A load state involving a poor power factor will now to be simulated in order to demonstrate the
possibility of reactive power compensation.
7. A capacitance of 3 x 4 F is now to be star connected in parallel with the RL load and the
measurement repeated in table 4.1. The voltage at the start of the line is to be maintained at a
constant value of 380 V and the resistive load adjusted so as to consume 300 W again.
8. Repeat the procedure using 3 x 8 F star connected capacitors and the measurement repeated in
table 4.1. The voltage at the start of the line is to be maintained at a constant value of 380 V and the
resistive load adjusted so as to consume 300 W again.
9. Repeat the procedure using an adjusted power of 400 W and 500 W at the line end and place the
specified parameters in tables 4.2 and 4.3 respectively.
10. Using a 300 km length, repeat the procedure and place the specified parameters in tables 4.4 4.6.
Course:
Group No.:
Group Members:

6. Data and Results:

Table 4.1 Measured values for L = 2.0 H and a load adjusted (starting with large values of R) so as to consume an active p
Parameters Without Capacitor With 3 x 4 F With 3 x 8 F
Voltage L1 L2 (line end) Current L1 (at line end) Reactive power (load)
Power factor cos (load)
Current L1 (at line start)
Active power (at line start) Reactive power (at line start)
Power factor cos (line start)
Efficiency
Transmission line losses
Voltage regulation

Table 4.2 Measured values for L = 2.0 H and a load adjusted (starting with large values of R) so as to consume an active p
Parameters Without Capacitor With 3 x 4 F With 3 x 8 F
Voltage L1 L2 (line end) Current L1 (at line end) Reactive power (load)
Power factor cos (load)
Current L1 (at line start)
Active power (at line start) Reactive power (at line start)
Power factor cos (line start)
Efficiency
Transmission line losses
Voltage regulation

Voltage L1 L2 (line end)

Current L1 (at line end)
Reactive power (load)
 Power factor cos (load)
Current L1 (at line start)
Active power (at line start)
Reactive power (at line start)
Power factor cos (line start)
Efficiency
Transmission line losses
Voltage regulation

Table 4.4 Measured values for L = 2.0 H and a load adjusted (starting with large values of R) so as to
consume an active power of 300 W using 300 km transmission line

Voltage
Voltage L1L1 L2
L2 (line
(line end)end)
Current
Current L1L1(at(at
lineline
end) end)
Reactive
Reactive power
power (load)
(load)
Power factor cos
Power factor cos (load)
(load)
Current
Current L1L1(at(at
lineline start)
start)
Active
Active power
power (at(atlineline start)
start)
Reactive
Reactive power
power (at(atlineline start)
start)
Power
Power factor
factor cos cos (line
(line start)
start)
Efficiency
Efficiency
Transmission
Transmission lineline losses
losses
Voltage
Voltage regulation
regulation

Table 4.6 Measured values for L = 2.0 H and a load adjusted (starting with large values of R) so as to
consume an active power of 500 W using 300 km transmission line

Voltage L1 L2 (line end)

Current L1 (at line end)
Reactive power (load)
Power factor cos (load)
Current L1 (at line start)
Active power (at line start)
Reactive power (at line start)
Power factor cos (line start)
Efficiency
Transmission line losses
Voltage regulation
7. Analysis and Interpretation
8. Conclusion:
9. Laboratory Assessment:
CRITERIA
I. Laboratory Skills

Manipulative Skills

Experimental
Setup

Process Skills

Safety Precautions

II. Work Habits

Time Management / Conduct of Experiment

Cooperative and
Teamwork

Neatness and
Orderliness

Ability to do independent work

Other Comments/Observations:

10. Reference(s):
Glover,D.(2012). Power system analysis and design (5th ed.) Connecticut: Cengage Learning