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1987 CONSTITUTION expression, or of the press, or the right

of the people peaceably to assemble


Article II
and petition the government for
Section 9. The State shall promote a redress of grievances.
just and dynamic social order that will
Section 8. The right of the people,
ensure the prosperity and
including those employed in the
independence of the nation and free
public and private sectors, to form
the people from poverty through
unions, associations, or societies for
policies that provide adequate social
purposes not contrary to law shall not
services, promote full employment, a
be abridged.
rising standard of living, and an
improved quality of life for all. Article XIII
Section 10. The State shall promote Section 3. The State shall afford full
social justice in all phases of national protection to labor, local and overseas,
development. organized and unorganized, and
promote full employment and
Section 18. The State affirms labor as
equality of employment opportunities
a primary social economic force. It
for all.
shall protect the rights of workers and
promote their welfare. It shall guarantee the rights of all
workers to self-organization,
Section 20. The State recognizes the
collective bargaining and negotiations,
indispensable role of the private
and peaceful concerted activities,
sector, encourages private enterprise,
including the right to strike in
and provides incentives to needed
accordance with law. They shall be
investments.
entitled to security of tenure, humane
Article III conditions of work, and a living wage.
Section 1. No person shall be deprived They shall also participate in policy
of life, liberty, or property without due and decision-making processes
process of law, nor shall any person be affecting their rights and benefits as
denied the equal protection of the may be provided by law.
laws. The State shall promote the principle
Section 4. No law shall be passed of shared responsibility between
abridging the freedom of speech, of workers and employers and the
preferential use of voluntary modes in
settling disputes, including
conciliation, and shall enforce their
mutual compliance therewith to
foster industrial peace.
The State shall regulate the relations
between workers and employers,
recognizing the right of labor to its just
share in the fruits of production and
the right of enterprises to reasonable
returns to investments, and to
expansion and growth.
Section 14. The State shall protect
working women by providing safe and
healthful working conditions, taking
into account their maternal functions,
and such facilities and opportunities
that will enhance their welfare and
enable them to realize their full
potential in the service of the nation.

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