JasonMosqueda

Ms.Stordeur
Chemistry1stPeriod
Monday,January18,2016

ChemistryNotesChapter3:Airbags

Chapter3,Section1:
Therearethreestatesofmatter
Solid,Liquid,andGas
Atomsmakingupasolidarecloselypackedtogether
Solidmaterialisnotcompressible
Solidshavedefiniteshape
Solidsalsohavedefinitevolume
Atomsormoleculesinliquidhavemoreenergy
Liquidsarecompressiblebecausethereisadistancebetweenthe
molecules
Liquidshavenodefiniteshape
Liquidsdohavedefinitevolume
Gasatomsormoleculeshaveevenhigherenergyandspacedasfarapartas
theircontainerwillallow
Theymoverapidlyandrandomlythroughthecontainertheyarein
Gasishighlycompressible
Gasseshavenodefiniteshapeorvolume
Gassesexistathighertemperaturesthanliquidsandliquidsexistatahigher
temperaturethansolids
Mattercanchangestates
Solidsmeltingbecomesliquidsandliquidsfreezingturnbackintosolids
Ex.Icemeltsintowaterat0degreescelsiusandwaterfreezesinto
iceat0degreescelsius
Gassesfreezingturnsintoliquidsandliquidsevaporatingbecomes
gasses
Chapter3,Section2:
Physicalpropertiesarethosethatyoucanobservewithoutchangingtheatoms
ormoleculesthatmakeupthematter
Ex.Color,texture,size,density,boilingpoint,etc.
 Chemicalpropertiesdescribehowsomethingreactswithotherelementor
molecules
Ex.Flammability,abilitytoformrust,etc.
AnIntensivepropertyisonethatdoesnotchange,nomatter,whatsizesample
youhave
Chapter3,Section3:
Densityistheexpressionforthemassperunitvolume
Density=Mass/Volume
Densityisresponsibleforthephenomenonoffloating
Lessdensematerialwillfloatontopofmoredenseitems
Chapter3,Section4:
Physicalchangesarethosewhichdonotaffectthechemicalstructureofthe
moleculesorelements
Theychangeonlyaphysicalpropertyofthesample
Allchangesinstate(melting,freezing,boiling,condensing,etc.)are
physicalchanges
Chemicalchangesarethosethatchangehowtheelementsormoleculesare
chemicallyarranged
Examplesofchemicalchangesincludeburning,rusting,andreactingwith
water,acid,oranyotherchemical
Chemicalandphysicalchangesoftengetmixedup
Burningischemicalandmeltingisphysical
Anothercommonmixupconcernsdissolvingandmelting
Meltingisachangeinstate
Dissolvingoccurswhentwodifferentsubstancesblendtogether
Chapter3,Section5:
Pressureistheforceofthegasatomsormolecules
Atmosphericpressureistheresultoflayersofairmoleculesaboveusinthe
atmospherecausingpressure
Ifmoleculesrunningintothewallofacontainercausepressure,thananincrease
inthosecollisionswouldincreasethepressure
Ifyouincreasethetemperatureofgas,thegasparticlesmovefaster
Asthecontainersvolumedecrease,thepressurewillincrease
KineticMolecularTheory
Matterconsistsofsmallparticles,whichallhavemass
Thedistancesseparatinggasmoleculesaresolargethatthevolumeof
themoleculesthemselvesisinsignificant
Gasparticlesmoveconstantly,randomly,andrapidly
Collisionswiththecontainerorothergasparticlesareperfectlyelastic
 Thetemperatureofthegasparticlesisdirectlyrelatedtotheirkinetic
energy
Gasparticlesexertnoforceoneachother
Theyneitherattractorrepelothergasparticles
Realgassessometimesbehavedifferentlythanothergasses
Diffusion
Thespeedwithwhichgasparticlesmoveacrossaspace
Effusion
Thespeedwithwhichgasparticlesescapethroughahole
Chapter3,Section6:
Themoleis6.002x10^23
AlsoknownasAvogadrosnumber
Eachelementontheperiodictablehasanatomicmass
Chapter3,Section7:
Pressurecanbemeasureinmanydifferentways
Atmospheres(atm)
Millimetersofmercury(mmHg)
Poundspersquareinch(psiorlb/in^2)
Torr
Kilopascal
1atm=760mmHg=14.7psi=760Torr=101.3kPa
TheIdealGasLawisPV=nRT
Pstandsforpressure
Vstandsforvolume
Nstandsforthenumberofmoles
Rstandsfortheuniversalgasconstant
Tstandsfortemperature
StandardTemperatureandVolume(STP)
StandardTemperatureis0.0(or273K)
StandardPressureis1atm(or101.3kPa,or760mmHg,oranyofthe
otherunitsthatareequalto1atm)

Chapter3,Practice3.1,3.2,3.3,and3.4:
1. Gassesarecompressible,Gasseshavenodefiniteshapeorvolume
2. Ifsolidsareinthereitwouldbeeasiertostoremoregasbutifyouhityoucould
getaconcussion.Liquidsmakeasoftpadifyouitbutatacertainpressureyou
canbreakmultiplesbones.Gassesmakeanidealstartingpointbecauseitis
compressionableandtakestheshapeofthecontaineritisin.
3. Meltingice,boilingwater,freezingwater,andfreezinggas
4. Gassesintheairbagwouldneedtobeabletoinflatefastenoughtofillthebag
andmakeasoftlanding
5. CPorPP
a. PP
b. CP
c. PP
d. CP
e. CP
f. PP
g. PP
h. CP
i. CP
6. IPorEP
a. IP
b. EP
c. IP
d. EP
e. EP
f. IP
g. EP
h. EP
i. IP
7. Densityofgassesarelower.Makesasofterlanding
8. LowerDensitybecausethesofteritisthebetteracushionitis
9. 55.35485g/ml
10. Thedensitywouldbe.1141666667g/ml
11. Yes,becauseliquidhasamuchhigherdensitythangas
12. Thedensityis2.85504886g/cm^3
13. Themassis65.28g
14. Thevolumeis19.775cm^3
15. Themassis14.061114g
16. Themassis36.652g
 17. Thevolumeis207.3020352cm^3
18. Youwouldwanttoavoidphysicalreactions
19. Achemicalchangewouldbebetterduetoitbeingfastertoact
20. Thereisevaporatedwaterinsideofthebubbles.Thisisduetothewater
changingthestateofmattertogas
21. CCorPC
a. CC
b. PC
c. CC
d. PC
e. PC
f. CC
g. PC
h. CC
i. CC
j. CC
k. PC
l. CC
m. PC
n. CC
o. CC
Chapter3,Practice3.5,3.6,and3.7:
1. Atsealevelbecausetheairmoleculesarepushedtogether,makingtheairnear
theairleveldenser
2. Yes,becausethechangeofpressurefromlesspressureontopofthemountain
tomorepressureatthebottom
3. Thepressurebuiltupinsideofthecan.Itneededtogosomewheresoittookthe
pathofleastresistanceandblewthecapoff
4. Theairismovingin
5. Themoremoleculestrytomovetomakespacemakingtheballoonexpand
6. Itwillriseintotheairuntilitreachesacertainpressurewhereitwillpop
7. Thetemperaturewillaffecttheairinsideofthetireandmakeitflat
8. Theheatwillmakethemoleculesinsideofthecanexpanduntilitexplodes
9. Thepressurewillmaketheballandhittingtheballhard
10. Themoleculesoftheperfumeexpandandtravelaround
11. Theballoonwiththesameparticle.Themoredifferentparticlestherearethe
moretheparticleswillmovearoundwitheachother
12. 1.47539x10^24molecules
13. .001258718moles
 14. 3.480716x10^23
15. 3.601156x10^42
16. 125.33g/ml
17. 100.09g/ml
18. 10022.55g/ml
19. 65.0099g/mol
20. 100.0869g/mol
21. 122.55g/mol
22. 241.21g/mol
23. 399.88g/mol
24. 32.04g/mol
25. 30.07g/mol
26. 342.2965g/mol