El huayaipe.

El huayaipe (Seriola rivoliana) es un pez marino, telesteo carnvoro, de gran

fuerza y nado veloz, que tiende a ser migratorio debido a la bsqueda de
alimento y para reproduccin de la especie. Son peces no muy longevos. La
forma de reproduccin de estos peces es por fertilizacin externa, debido a que
son ovparos. Las hembras de la especie. Los huevos de los peces del gnero
Seriola son pelgicos, tienen forma esfrica y sin coloracin.

El huayaipe Seriola rivoliana se caracteriza por tener el cuerpo alargado,

levemente comprimido y moderadamente alto. La coloracin del pez es bastante
variable, posee dorso marrn o aceitunado a verde azulado; flancos y vientre
ms claros; en adultos, una franja oscura vertical en la nuca y una franja lateral
oscura, que se extiende hacia atrs y hacia arriba a partir del ojo.

Taxonoma de la especie

En el Ecuador existen varias especies del gnero Seriola, denominadas

comnmente como huayaipe, as tenemos al Seriola mazatlana, Seriola lalandi,
Seriola rivoliana y el Seriola peruana (Blacio y Alvarez, 2002). Pertenece al orden
de los perciformes, a la familia de los carangidae.

Distribucin y hbitos alimenticios.

Es un pez pelgico, demersal y epibentnico marino (Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995),

que se encuentra en aguas abiertas cerca de la superficie. Se lo encuentra
comnmente en aguas con temperaturas entre 18 y 24 C, a profundidades
cercanas a 50 m; sin embargo pueden ser encontrados en profundidades
superiores a 300 m (FishBase, 2004). La especie Seriola rivoliana se encuentra
distribuida a lo largo de las zonas subtropicales de los Ocenos Indico, Atlntico
oeste y Pacfico oeste. En el continente americano se distribuye desde Baja
California hasta el norte de Per. En Ecuador lo podemos localizar a lo largo de
la zona litoral y en la zona insular (Chirichigno y Martn, 2001). Los peces del
gnero Seriola son oportunistas, con una dieta que vara en funcin de su
tamao. En el medio natural se alimentan principalmente de moluscos,
crustceos, equinodermos y peces pequeos. Cuando tienen una talla de 4 cm
su alimentacin consiste principalmente de coppodos Calanus. A medida que
crecen comienzan alimentarse de pequeas anchovetas y otros peces
pequeos. Una vez que han alcanzado los 15 cm, stos comienzan a alimentarse
de sardinas, macarelas, calamares, entre otros.

Parmetros de cultivo

Los peces del gnero Seriola viven en aguas clidas, su rango ptimo de
temperatura es de 18 29 C, a temperaturas debajo de los 15 C su crecimiento
disminuye y a temperaturas inferiores a 9 C o superior a 31 C estos peces
mueren. Tambin soportan salinidades altas (33 ppt) y no resisten
concentraciones menores de 16 ppt.

Antecedentes de cultivo de Seriola Rivoliana en el Ecuador

Dentro de los diferentes puntos que hacen que este pez sea una posibilidad real
de diversificacin tenemos: que el pescado es uno de los principales
constituyentes de la dieta diaria y es una alternativa de protena de alta calidad;
indudablemente otro factor importante son los altos precios que se pagan por
este pez en los mercados internacionales (6 12 dlares por kg., dependiendo
de la poca); importante tambin son los altos rangos de crecimiento y
supervivencia que presentan estos peces en precra y engorde que se realizan
en jaulas.
 Conclusiones y Recomendaciones.

Conclusiones: Es tcnicamente factible realizar cultivo de huayaipe en piscinas

bajo las condiciones adecuadas para la especie. Cobre realizado en la piscina
debido a su residualidad por adherencia en la porosidad del liner, probablemente
inhibi.

Recomendacin: usar como sombra un polmero plstico de color negro, que

disminuye la incidencia del efecto de los rayos solares sobre los peces (mayor al
50% de sombra)
 Bibliografa

[1] Begeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth Edition

[2] Benetti D., D., Garriques, D., Wilson, E. E., 1998. Maturation, spawing and
larval rearing techniques of Pacific yellowtail, Seriola mazatlana. Suisanzoshoku
46(3): 391-394.

[3] Benetti , D., 1997. Spawing and larval husbandry of flounder (Paralichthys
woolmani) and Pacific yellowtail (Seriola mazatlana), new candidate species for
aquaculture. Aquaculture 155: 307- 318.
 The huayaipe.

The huayaipe (Seriola rivoliana) is a marine fish, a carnivorous teleost, of great

strength and swift swimming, which tends to be migratory due to the search for
food and for reproduction of the species. They are not very long fish. The form of
reproduction of these fish is by external fertilization, because they are oviparous.
The females of the species. The eggs of the fish of the genus Seriola are pelagic,
have a spherical shape and no coloration.

The huayaipe Seriola rivoliana is characterized by having the elongated body,

slightly compressed and moderately high. The color of the fish is quite variable,
has brown back or olive to blue green; Lighter flanks and belly; In adults, a vertical
dark stripe at the nape of the neck and a dark lateral stripe, extending backwards
and upwards from the eye.

Taxonomy of the species

In Ecuador there are several species of the genus Seriola, commonly known as
huayaipe, thus we have the Seriola mazatlana, Seriola lalandi, Seriola rivoliana
and the Peruvian Seriola (Blacio and Alvarez, 2002). It belongs to the order of
the perceformes, to the family of the carangidae.

Distribution and eating habits.

It is a pelagic, demersal and marine epibenthic fish (Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995),

which is found in open water near the surface. It is commonly found in waters
with temperatures between 18 and 24 C, at depths close to 50 m; However, they
can be found at depths greater than 300 m (FishBase, 2004). The species Seriola
rivoliana is distributed throughout the subtropical areas of the Indian Ocean, West
Atlantic and Pacific West. In the American continent it is distributed from Baja
California to the north of Peru. In Ecuador we can locate it along the coastal zone
and in the insular zone (Chirichigno and Martn, 2001). The fish of the genus
Seriola are opportunistic, with a diet that varies according to its size. In the wild
they feed mainly on mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and small fish. When
they have a size of 4 cm their feed consists mainly of Calanus copepods. As they
grow they begin feeding on small anchovies and other small fish. Once they have
reached 15 cm, they begin to feed on sardines, mackerels, squid, among others.

Parameters of cultivation

The fish of the genus Seriola live in warm water, its optimum temperature range
is 18 - 29 C, at temperatures below 15 C its growth decreases and at
temperatures below 9 C or above 31 C these fish die. They also support high
salinities (33 ppt) and do not withstand concentrations lower than 16 ppt.

Background of Seriola Rivoliana cultivation in Ecuador

Within the different points that make this fish a real possibility of diversification
we have: that fish is one of the main constituents of the daily diet and is a high
quality protein alternative; Undoubtedly another important factor are the high
prices paid for this fish in the international markets (6 - 12 dollars per kg,
depending on the season); Also important are the high growth and survival rates
of these fish in pre-weeding and fattening that are carried out in cages.

Conclusions and recommendations.

Conclusions: It is technically feasible to perform huayaipe cultivation in

swimming pools under the conditions suitable for the species. Copper made in
the pool due to its residuality by adhesion in the porosity of the liner, probably
inhibited.

Recommendation: use as a shade a black plastic polymer, which decreases the

effect of the sun's rays on fish (greater than 50% shade).
 Bibliography

[1] Begey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth Edition

[2] Benetti D., D., Garriques, D., Wilson, E.E., 1998. Maturation, spawing and
larval rearing techniques of Pacific yellowtail, Seriola mazatlana. Suisanzoshoku
46 (3): 391-394.

[3] Benetti, D., 1997. Spawing and larval husbandry of flounder (Paralichthys
woolmani) and Pacific yellowtail (Seriola mazatlana), new candidate species for
aquaculture. Aquaculture 155: 307-31.