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STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING
WITH SIKA SYSTEMS
FOR OWNERS OF BUILDINGS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
COMPETENCE YOU CAN TRUST
Sika provides you with a depth of knowledge from our state-of-the art technical expertise
and global practical experience to produce virtually tailor-made solutions for the repair,
refurbishment and improvement by strengthening of your existing buildings and civil engi-
neering structures. This includes fully compatible products and integrated systems to suit
almost every project and site requirement. Sika customer advice and support is second to
none, from concept, through design and detailing, to practical installation and successful
completion on site. This is all based on more than 100 years of experience on large and small
projects all over the world.
Picture/Video: London Underground Strengthening of cast iron beams with ultra high modulus Sika CarboDur CFRP plates
CONTENT
10 Bridge Structures:
Grafton Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand
Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
Pumarejo Bridge, Barranquilla, Colombia
Pont du Dancourt, Donchry (Ardennes), France
Penang Bridge, Penang Island, Malaysia
16 Buildings:
Residential Building: Kfergrund Apartment Building, Aarau, Switzerland
Office Building: Puri Adhimelati Office Building, Jakarta, Indonesia
Commercial Building: Maypo Office and Laboratory Building, Mexico City, Mexico
Industrial Building: Audi Automotive Plant, Gyr, Hungary
20 Historic Structures:
Wooden Structure: Wooden Bridge over the River Reuss, Sins, Switzerland
Masonry Structure: St. Nicolas Church, Krakow, Poland
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EXTENDING FUNCTIONAL
SERVICE LIFE
THE USE OF A BUILDING OR CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE may change throughout the course
of its service life, as for example its whole function can change, loads can increase and/or higher
building standards are required and the structure must be made compliant. Sika provides fully com-
prehensive solutions with complete systems for all kinds of structural strengthening and improve-
ment. Whether increasing the bending, shear or impact resistance, tested and proven Sika systems
are available for use on reinforced concrete, steel, wood and masonry load-bearing structures.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
4
SIKA FOR EXCELLENCE IN STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING
Sika brings sustained added value to building and civil engi- strengthening concept through to the successful completion
neering structure owners, their consultants and contactors. and handover of your project.
Sika provides technical assistance through every step of
the project, from condition survey and developing the initial
Global market leader in building and construction chemicals High performance integrated products and systems that can
Highest technical expertise and practical experience in con- boost and improve the capacity, eiciency, durability and
crete refurbishment and structural strengthening aesthetics of buildings and other structures to the beneit
Excellent reputation with leading contractors and authorities of our customers and a more sustainable development
Sika trained and experienced specialist contractor networks
UNIQUE SIKA SOLUTIONS FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS PROVEN SIKA SYSTEMS AND APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
Solutions for almost all diferent application requirements Over 40 years of experience with structural bonding and
Controlled working, curing and hardening times for diferent strengthening systems and techniques
climatic conditions Products and systems with extensive internal and external
Special end-anchorage solutions for use in lower strength testing and assessment
concrete and other substrates Highest international standards of production and quality
control
5
SIKA STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS:
COMPREHENSIVE AND YET COMPACT
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The SikaWrap Fabric The SikaWrap fabric strengthening system con-
Strengthening System sists of woven or stitched, unidirectional, carbon
and glass ibre fabrics and Sikadur impregnating
resins. This system provides a wide range of solu-
SikaWrap Fabrics
tions to meet diferent demands on many difer-
SikaWrap FX fabric anchors
ent types of projects. The installation is extremely
Sikadur-330 epoxy based 4in1 product
lexible and accommodating of diferent surface
(primer, iller, impregnating resin and
planes and geometry, making this a very multi-
adhesive)
functional material for many applications including
Sikadur-300 epoxy based impregna-
coninement, shear, seismic upgrading and weak
tion resin and adhesive
substrate strengthening.
Saturator Machine
SikaWrap video
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1
4
1
Sika CarboDur System
2
Sika CarboStress System
3
Sika CarboShear System
4
SikaWrap Fabric Strengthening System
3
2
4
4
BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Grafton Bridge, Auckland, New Zealand
AUCKLANDS ICONIC GRAFTON BRIDGE, was the worlds largest single span
reinforced concrete arch bridge when originally built in 1910. Today it is recognized
as one of the 100 most significant concrete structures in the world.
Sika CarboDur strips and CarboShear L plates bonded to the concrete structure.
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BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
THE SUNSHINE SKYWAY BRIDGE is one of the most widely recognized landmark
structures in the USA.
With its signature bright yellow stay cables, the bridge design ers around the girders, and the efectiveness of this approach
resembles a sailboat, with its towers holding up the triangular was also conirmed by a full scale test prior to the installation.
sails across Tampa Bay. The resin impregnated fabric and exposed concrete surfaces
were then covered and protected with a water-dispersed
During routine inspections, an increase in shear cracking was acrylic coating.
observed, mainly on the exterior trestle span girders. The
structure needed to be repaired and protected, not only to By detailed planning of the works and using well trained
retain its strength and shear requirements, but also to with- specialists experienced in working with these materials, the
stand the aggressive marine environment. project was completed successfully and ahead of schedule.
This refurbishment project also won the International Con-
In addition to the repairs by crack injection and damaged con- crete Repair Institute (ICRI) Award of Excellence in 2008.
crete replacement, the bridge also needed to be structurally
strengthened to carry additional loads. Due to its many ad- International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI):
Sika won the ICRI Award of Excellence in the Transportation Category
vantages over steel and other methods, the SikaWrap fabric in 2008.
strengthening system was chosen to strengthen the girders.
A bi-directional SikaWrap fabric was installed in several lay-
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BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Pumarejo Bridge, Barran, Colombia
Originally built in the early 1970s to allow development of the The refurbishment was undertaken in several stages in 2006
Northern Region of the country and to link Barranquilla City and 2008, and it was also decided to strengthen it in 2011. The
with the eastern side of the Magdalena River, it was listed as repair works included removal of weak concrete, cleaning and
one of the best concrete structures in the country by the Co- protection of exposed steel reinforcement, concrete replace-
lombian Ready Mixed Concrete Association in 2006. ment with SikaTop and EpoCem systems after crack injec-
However after three decades of exposure and service in this tion, steel jacketing around the columns, plus overall protec-
aggressive environment, the bridge was completely refur- tion with an impregnating corrosion inhibitor and a protective
bished to repair areas of spalling concrete due to reinforce- coating.
ment corrosion, and also areas eroded with the loss of coarse
aggregates from the columns in and just above the river level. Sika products and systems were selected and used exclusively
for all of this repair and refurbishment work. This project won
the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) Award of
Merit in 2009.
Few years after the initial concrete repair works were complet-
ed shear cracks were noticed in the beams and the requirement
for structural strengthening was decided by the Engineers.
After sealing and illing the cracks with Sikadur injection resin,
the substrate was prepared and a lightweight SikaWrap fabric
strengthening system was applied in two directions and inally
the areas were covered with a SikaTop coating.
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BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Pont du Dancourt, Donchry (Ardennes), France
THE PONT DU DANCOURT IS A COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE BRIDGE, located on the A34
Motorway in the Ardennes, Northern France. It was originally built in 1972 and is part of the National
AutoRoute System.
Approximately 28000 vehicles cross the 140 m long, 3-span CarboDur system. After the steel substrate was cleaned
bridge structure every day and more than 20% of them are and prepared by abrasive blast cleaning, the prefabricated
heavy trucks. CarboDur CFRP plates were then immediately bonded to the
Each carriageway of the bridge consists of 5 steel beams on steel surface with Sikadur structural adhesive. With these
reinforced concrete piers that support a reinforced concrete strengthening measures, the mechanical characteristics of
deck. A routine inspection and assessment of the bridge high- the structure were increased and the amplitudes of stresses
lighted corrosion on the structure, plus potential damage from due to movement were reduced; thus the service life of the
fatigue and insuicient lexural strength for the traic loads. bridge was signiicantly extended. This was the irst experi-
To correct the deiciencies outlined in the assessment, the ence in France of strengthening this type of structure with
structure was strengthened with an externally applied Sika bonded CFRP.
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BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Penang Bridge, Penang Island, Malaysia
THERE ARE TWO BRIDGES connecting the Malaysian mainland with the Penang peninsula.
The original Penang Bridge is a dual carriageway toll bridge that Engineers, using a layered build-up of the Sika CarboDur CFRP
spans 13.5 km and was completed and irst opened to traic System. Finally, all of the exposed concrete and CarboDur
in 1985, and by 2010 was used by over 80000 vehicles a day. plate surfaces were given a protective Sikagard coating to
Following an accidental ire in 2010, a complete inspection protect them against UV light and future attack from the ag-
and structural assessment of the bridge was undertaken. In gressive marine environment respectively.
addition to the concrete repairs that were necessary after the
ire and 25 years exposure in the aggressive marine environ- The Second Penang Bridge was completed in 2014 and at
ment, the structure was also found to be in need of structural 24 km, is the longest bridge in South-East Asia and designed
strengthening to replace the damaged steel tendons. to last for 120 years with minimal maintenance. Sikas involve-
ment started at the very beginning with systems for the
The damaged concrete was removed and the reinforced con- concreting and construction work, from curing compounds to
crete beams were repaired with a SikaTop concrete repair Sikadur structural resins and concrete protection with Sika-
System and SikaGrout poured concrete. The beams were gard hydrophobic impregnation, all contributing signiicantly
then strengthened to the performance levels required by the to the required durability of the structure.
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BUILDINGS
Kfergrund Apartment Building, Aarau, Switzerland
To be fully compliant with all current standards and regula- assembled on site, the installation of the system was straight-
tions, the building therefore needed to be strengthened to forward, even in the limited space constraints of the stairwells.
meet the required seismic resistance to be able to withstand There was also minimal breakout of sound material on site, as
the potential level of earthquakes in the area. for all of the tendons, the dead end was simply anchored into
The Sika CarboStress system was selected to achieve the nec- the cellar wall, with the live end assembled in such a way that it
essary seismic resistance on the structure. This consisted of transferred the post-tensioning force through a steel element
post-tensioned Sika CarboDur CFRP plates anchored into the into the loor and subsequently into the wall of the building.
substrate. In the three stairwells of the building, a total of 12 With this setup, the walls were quickly strengthened to the
Sika CarboStress tendons were installed. Since these Sika Car- necessary standards and without damaging the masonry or
boStress tendons were relatively small, lexible and could be adding unsightly bulk and unnecessary weight to the structure.
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Puri Adhimelati Office Building, Jakarta, Indonesia
THE PURI ADHIMELATI OFFICE BUILDING is a 20 years old structure in the heart of
the business district in Jakarta.
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BUILDINGS
Maypo Office and Laboratory Buildung in Mexico City, Mexico
THE FOUR-STORY OFFICE AND LABORATORY BUILDING was originally built in the early 1980s.
Since then, more extensive research on soil characteristics and A number of steps were then taken to refurbish and upgrade
the seismic activity in the region have led to new design stan- the whole building, including additional steel bracing and cast-
dards and construction methods that have greatly improved ing additional concrete, sealing existing cracks by injection
the seismic resistance of new buildings. However, existing and then overall structural strengthening. The beams were
buildings built to the earlier, less stringent standards pres- strengthened in lexure and shear using the SikaWrap fabric
ent a challenge. Worried about the safety of their building, strengthening system, the columns had continuous Sika
Maypo initiated a detailed structural assessment and seismic CarboDur CFRP plates installed along their axis over several
upgrade for the property. storeys, then the columns were also wrapped with SikaWrap
fabric to increase their strength and ductility. The complete
Because the original building design details and calculations refurbishment project was easily completed on time due to
no longer existed, a series of diagnostic studies were per- the lightweight nature and rapid installation procedure for
formed, including research on soil mechanics in the area, steel these Sika systems. The weight of the structure was only
reinforcement location and assessment, concrete condition slightly increased, and no useable area was lost.
survey, and an overall visual inspection; followed by 3-dimen-
sional computer modeling with the results for dynamic struc-
tural analysis. These revealed that in the event of a seismic
event the concrete loor slabs exhibited delection and exces-
sive vibration resulting in cracking, the supporting beams
exhibited shear cracking at their ends and the non-structural International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI):
Sika won the ICRI Award of Merit in the Low-Rise Category in 2013.
masonry walls interfered with the free deformation of the
Click on the QR Code to learn more about Sikas ICRI Award-Winning
main structure. Furthermore, the computer modelling also Projects
revealed that the main support columns were overloaded.
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Audi Automotive Plant in Gyr, Hungary
In the course of internal re-organization, a hall which had System. Three tendons, consisting of CarboDur plates and
been used as a logistics area was to be itted with fabrication special end anchorage heads were installed to produce a
machinery. The existing reinforced concrete base plate which united base without joints. The CFRP plates were then encap-
is divided by contraction joints into several sections was not sulated into the concrete base to protect the system and to
compliant with the required layout. Displacement and conse- make the area ready for use.
quential forces onto the base plate, caused by temperature
change would exceed the production tolerances. With 29 m this is the one of the longest post-tensioned CFRP
Several base sections were joined using the Sika CarboStress plates ever installed in the world.
The longest post-tensioned CFRP-plates ever installed Base channel with post-tensioned CFRP plates
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HISTORIC STRUCTURES
Wooden Bridge in Sins, Switzerland
THE FAMOUS WOODEN BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER REUSS IN SINS in Switzerland is more than
200 years old and was built in 1807 with an original design capacity of 12 tons.
Today, the bridge also serves as a back-up route for heavy To refurbish the bridge the deck was removed and rebuilt, and
vehicles, and the required loading is 20 tons. The residents Sika CarboDur CFRP plates were bonded to the bottom of
opposed an option to replace the historic bridge with a new the crossbeams to reduce delection. The installed plates were
structure, so overall refurbishment and strengthening to up- left exposed and uncoated to facilitate inspection and assess-
grade the whole structure was carried out in 1991. ment, but to date the installation remains maintenance free.
The structural strengthening of this timber bridge was also
part of a long-term study and it was one of the irst Sika
CarboDur strengthening projects on wooden structures. The
system was selected for its excellent mechanical properties
and minimal visual impact, as retaining the visual appearance
of the bridge was also a key decision factor.
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HISTORIC STRUCTURES
St. Nicolas Church, Krakow, Poland
ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH IS ONE OF THE OLDEST BUILDINGS and a monument in Krakow, Poland.
The church dates back to at least 1229 and it was designated as a parish church in 1327.
The building has seen much redesign and rebuilding over the The original timber frame was inadequate to stabilize the
centuries and the current structure was built on the founda- structure, so a new steel frame and braces was carefully
tions of earlier structures destroyed in the past. The church is retro-itted internally and through the attic of the church,
now oicially classiied as a baroque and neo-baroque three- hidden to normal visitors. After conirming the substrate was
bay nave basilica. otherwise sound, the cracks were injected with cementitious
grout and then the walls, window frames and vaulted areas
Over the centuries, the foundations and the limestone rock were strengthened with the Sika CarboDur system. After
on which they stand have been subjected to washout and the completion of the refurbishment the building was reopened to
karst phenomenon (wash-out accelerated by carbonic acid the public in 2012.
from atmospheric CO in the rain), causing severe degrada-
tion. Vibrations caused by increasing traic, especially from
the rail tracks located just behind the church, also contributed
to the deterioration. This all led to the front facade deviating International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI):
Sika won the ICRI Award of Excellence in the Historic Category in 2013.
from vertical and moving away from the structural supporting Click on the QR Code to learn more about Sikas ICRI Award-Winning
walls. On inspection, cracking was also observed throughout Projects.
the structure, including within the main nave and the aisles.
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COOLING TOWERS AND CHIMNEYS
Power Station Cooling Towers, Laziska, Poland
COLUMNS SUPPORTING THE CONCRETE SHELL OF THE COOLING TOWER at the Laziska Power
Station were severely damaged after many years of use.
1 Damaged colums
2 Application of SikaWrap
3 Installed strengthening system
4 Coated strengthening system
1 4
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Heritage Masonry Chimney, Bogot, Colombia
THE MASONRY CHIMNEY WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1925 AND 1929 and was part of a
large abattoir complex supplying meat for the City of Bogot.
After some years the complex declined and eventually was A complete Sika solution was selected. After cleaning the
abandoned for several decades until the University Distrital structure thoroughly, Sikadur epoxy mortar was applied to
bought the buildings in 2010 with the objective of develop- level the surfaces and prepare them for application of the
ing and converting them into a cultural center. The masonry SikaWrap fabric strengthening system. SikaWrap fabric
chimney was considered to be a heritage structure and had to strips were then cut to size and applied symmetrically, both
be retained. Whilst built in good quality unreinforced masonry diagonally and vertically, to improve the strength of the whole
(URM) originally, it now needed upgrading and strengthening chimney structure with a uniform appearance. Finally the
to be in-line with the current Colombian Seismic Construc- whole masonry chimney surfaces were overcoated with an
tion Code. A structural strengthening system was therefore acrylic protective coating.
required, and one that would also preserve the aesthetics and
appearance of the structure.
1 Substrate levelling
2 SikaWrap roll
3 Installation of SikaWrap
3 4 Coated strengthening system
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ALSO AVAILABLE
FROM SIKA
Construction
Construction
Construction
The Repair and Protection Technology and Concepts REFURBISHMENT SikaGrout-300 Technology Sikagard
of Reinforced Concrete with Sika for the Repair and Protection CONCRETE REPAIR AND for high Precision, Non-Shrink, Protective Coatings for Concrete
In Accordance with of Reinforced Concrete New Construction and Repair
PROTECTION OF CHIMNEYS Expanding, Natural Aggregate Grout
European Standards EN 1504 AND COOLING TOWERS
WHO WE ARE
SIKA SERVICES AG / REFURBISHMENT / CMDL / STRUCTURAL STRENGHTENING OWNERS / 12.2014 / 841 / ID: 51637
Sika AG, Switzerland, is a globally active specialty chemicals company.
Sika supplies the building and construction industry as well as manu-
facturing industries (automotive, bus, truck, rail, solar and wind power
plants, faades). Sika is a leader in processing materials used in sealing,
bonding, damping, reinforcing and protecting loadbearing structures.
Sikas product lines feature highquality concrete admixtures, specialty
mortars, sealants and adhesives, damping and reinforcing materials,
structural strengthening systems, industrial looring as well as rooing
and waterprooing systems.