RG - list

Central Nordish types:

Anglo-Saxon
Aran type
Baltid
Borreby
Brnn
Dalo-Falid
East-Nordid
Hallstatt Nordid
Keltic Nordid
Trnder type

Peripheral Nordish types:

East-Baltid
Norid
North-Atlantid
North-Pontid
Sub-Nordid

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RG - Anglo-Saxon

Etymology:
As suggested by the name, this type is associated with members of those West-Germanic tribes, primarily the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes,
which invaded the British Isles in the fifth century.

Other names:
- Old Germanic Reihengrber type (includes the Dutch/Frisian Friterpian type)

Origins:
Iron Age Hallstatt
Nordid altered by mixture with Cro-Magnid and probably additional Corded elements. The influence of a Borreby or similar
brachycephalic strain may be of secondary importance.

Description:
The general impression of this tall,
broad-shouldered and characteristically blond type is that of an overgrown Hallstatt Nordid, with a
larger
head and face, as well as hands and feet of somewhat greater dimensions. The face is long, with a marked
skeletal relief which gives it a
somewhat rugged and angular
appearance. The nose is large, very leptorrhine, and usually straight, with a convex minority. The lips, like those
of the Hallstatt Nordid, are
rather thin.

The Anglo-Saxon type is

over-all mesocephalic, with a minor tendency towards
brachycephaly, possibly reflecting a measure of round-
headedness in the Cro-Magnid strain(s). The forehead is high and the browridges heavy, and the jaw is prominent. Whereas typically Cro-Magnid
features are visible, the general impression is of a larger, more robust Nordid (Hallstatt, rather than the more numerous Insular Keltic variety).

The Anglo-Saxon hair

color range runs from golden blond to medium brown, with
the latter in the majority. Ash-blond shades are less frequent.
There is a minor tendency
towards rufosity, but much less so than is the case with
the Trnder type, with which the Anglo-Saxon may be
compared in many respects. The eyes are pure blue or
light-mixed.

Illustrations:

Celebrity examples:

Alec Guinness
Julie Andrews Michael Caine Diane Sawyer
(England) (England) (England) (USA)

Geographical
distribution:
The Anglo-Saxon type is
found in its greatest number today in the British Isles,
and particularly in southeastern England (East Anglia),
where it
is represented by the descendants of the western
Germanic peoples whose 5th Century Vlkerwanderung
conquest led to the introduction to the
Isles of Germanic
language, culture, and identity, all of which still prevail and
have had a massive influence on the shaping of the modern
world.

A similar and closely related type (Friterpian) is found across the Channel, in the Netherlands and throughout Frisia, where Germanic Nordids
settled among and interbred with the local Upper
Palaeolithic population. Frisia and the adjoining
territories are still associated with the Frisian
tribesmen and
their relatives the Angles and the Saxons, most of whom
it seems belonged to this altered Nordid type.

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RG - Anglo-Saxon

Related
or similar types:
- Brnn
- Dalo-Falid
- Friterpian type
- Hallstatt Nordid
- Trnder

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RG - Aran type

Etymology:

The
name is derived from the Aran Isles in Ireland, where
this special Nordid type may be found.

Origins:

An
altered Keltic Nordid, largely
the product of isolation and inbreeding, of racial
dimensions for which no continental prototype can been
found.

Description:

The
Aran Nordid population is taller, longer-legged, leaner,
and lighter in weight than most other Irish groups.

The
type is characterized by a great head length and an
exceptionally low head height, a very long face and nose,
and an excess of blue eyes
and golden and red hair. The
low-headedness seems to be borne by the least blond
element in the Aran population. The breadth-length index
is
mesocephalic (77.8) and the
length-height index
orthocephalic (60.7).

The
temporal planes converge, and the vault is cylindrical
when seen in the front view. This feature, in less
exaggerated form, is a cranial
diagnostic of the Keltic
Iron Age type in general.

Illustrations:

Examples
from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(Aran) (Aran)

Further examples:

(Aran)

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RG - Aran type

(from National
Geographic)

Geographical
distribution:

The Aran
type is only found among the hypermarginal and culturally
conservative Gaelic speakers of the Aran Isles, off
Ireland's west coast.

Related
or similar types:

- Keltic Nordid

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RG - Baltid

Etymology:
The type is traditionally associated with the Baltic region of northern-northeastern Europe. Some confusion may arise from the fact that the term
Baltid or Baltic is applied to a number of quite distinct types (or blends of types). This is the result of a general lack of synergy among scholars in
the field.

Other names:
- Osteuropid
(v. Eickstedt and Deniker; subsumes
East-Baltid and even Lappoid)

Origins:
Altered northeastern European
Cro-Magnoid type (ancestrally related to the Dalo-Falid and
Brnn types of the northwest), reduced,
brachycephalized and
borealized through a selective process of "balticization" (not wholly dissimilar to alpinization). The ancestral type ("East-
Cro-Magnid") is more obviously reflected in the less altered West-Baltid end-type, which we have here subsumed under the general Baltid
definition, together with the more "balticized" segment. The stabilized Lappoid-influenced periphery of the "Baltid continuum" is referred to as
East-Baltid, and to this end-type we have granted a separate account (here).

Description:
Baltids vary in stature, but are generally relatively tall, and moderately
pyknomorphic in build. The head is moderately brachycephalic and
rounded, with few visible cranial transitions. The forehead is high and broad, and only moderately curved, and the browridges tend towards
heaviness in a typically Cro-Magnoid fashion. The face is moderately high, and the
facial index is
mesoprosopic, verging on
eury- rather than
leptoprosopy. The
bizygomatic diameter is only moderately large, but large enough to render the impression, in concurrence with the great width
and angularity of the jaw, of a characteristic facial squareness or rectangularity, a feature reminiscent of the Borreby type (there is a notable
phenotypical overlap between these types). Oval or elliptical faces are, however, the most commonplace.

The nose is moderately leptorrhine, and the root is moderately high to high, and of medium width. The nasal profile is usually straight, with a
strong tendency towards concavity. The tip of the nose is typically well-rounded and slightly bulbous, and usually horizontally inclined. The
alae
are usually thin and highly placed, and of medium lateral extension. The lips are medium to thin, with little or no eversion. The teeth are large,
the bite is frequently edge to edge, and orthognathy is almost universal. The eye-slits are medium to wide, and external eye-folds are rather
common.

Baltids are on the whole rather light-pigmented. The hair, which is straight in form, ranges in color from ash-blond to dark brown. Light eyes are
quite common, but dark-mixed varieties prevail.

Illustrations:

Celebrity examples (mostly generalized Baltids):

P. von Hindenburg V. Vike-Freiberga
Jaan Ehlvest Andris Berzins
(Prussia) (Latvia) (Lithuania) (Latvia)

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-baltid.htm[20/6/17 05:41:08]
RG - Baltid

Further examples:

(Latvia) (Russia) (Russia)

Geographical
distribution:

The Baltid population is most heavily concentrated in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, but extends both southwestward into former Prussia and
northeastern Germany (partially in transition with the Borreby type), westward into Scandinavia (to a lesser extent), northward into Finland, and
eastward into western Russia and the nearest adjacent political units. The transition with East-Baltid is principally to the north and northeast, but
East-Baltids are as a rule quite common in all traditionally Baltid areas.

Special subtypes:

- West-Baltid

Related
or similar types:

- Borreby
- East-Baltid

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RG - Borreby

Etymology:
Borreby is the name of a Danish village and archaeological site where large
brachycranial skulls of the Upper Paleolithic were unearthed.

Other
names:
-
Blond Brachycephal, The (Arbo; includes all blond brachycephals)
-
"East Baltic" (K. E. Schreiner; erroneous
identification with this type)
-
"Finnoid" or "Finno-Lappoid"
(Arbo; erroneous identification with a Lappoid origin)
- Jdertypen ("the Jren type")
- Nordalpinoid

Origins:
Mostly unreduced,
brachycephalized, and depigmented Upper Paleolithic
survivor of Cro-Magnoid stock, related to
Dalo-Falid and
Brnn on one
hand and
Alpinid on the
other. The affiliation is essentially with the former, but a partial process of alpinization establishes an evolutionary
relation to the latter.
The southern and south-western border with fully alpinized central Europeans is blurry, and has resulted in a number of
local intermediate types, such as the Belgian "Walloons type".

Modern Borrebys are derived, historically, from the old northwestern European
coastal fishing population. In many places, such as the Norwegian
coastal district of Jren, Borrebys seem to have been among the first humans to
settle permanently, during the late Mesolithic.

In modern times the Borreby type is found nowhere as a true population, except perhaps in Jren and on the island of Fehmarn, off the German
coast, where it exists in relative purity. Elsewhere it is strongly diluted with other elements.

Description:
The Borreby type is large-bodied and
large-headed, and lateral in most features. It is tall to very tall (but generally less so than Dalo-Falids),
muscular, and usually quite heavy, with a tendency towards chubbiness. Paedomorphous features are particularly common in females, who are
often buxom.

The head form is brachycephalic (c.i. typically 82-84), and the

occiput is nearly vertical and often slightly flattened. The
temporal bones are
weakly curved, but parietal tuberosities are usually strong. The forehead is
broad, only slightly curved, quite high, and usually of but little slope.

The Borreby face is typically square in appearance, due mostly to the great mandibular width and the prominence of the frontal and parietal
tuberosities, but rounded, more
Alpinoid-shaped faces are also common, especially among females. The face is usually short, broad, and
somewhat
flattish, with a strongly ortognathous profile. The jaw is rather deep, and the browridges of moderate size.

The nose profile is straight in about 5/6 of cases, and concave in the remainder; convexity is not common. The nose form is meso- to
leptorrhine.

The hair is typically golden blond to light or medium brown. The total Borreby hair shade
range runs from ash blond to dark brown, and the
latter category accounts for some 30%
of cases. Blue eyes are in the majority, but mixed and grayish blue are also common.

Illustrations:

Examples
from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(Jutland, (Hordaland, (Germany) (Stuttgart,
Denmark) Norway Germany

Examples from Bidrag til Rogalands

antropologi (K. E. Schreiner): Cranial examples:

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-borreby.html[20/6/17 05:41:11]
RG - Borreby

(Jren, Norway) (Jren, Norway) Borreby Male #8 (Torgersen, 1976)

Celebrity examples:

Doris Day
Marc Delissen Marilyn Monroe Gerald Ford
(USA; German descent) (The Netherlands) (USA; Danish descent) (USA)

Further examples:

(Denmark) (?) (Norway) (England)

Geographical
distribution:

The greatest center of Borreby concentration lies in the southern part of the Danish peninsula (Jutland), extending into northern Germany. In
the midst of this zone lies the
island of Fehmarn, which houses a population of exaggerated Borreby phenotype
and extreme head dimensions
(Fehmarner type). The Borreby is found as a major population element across the entire northern German plain, and a secondary center, which
has now more or less disappeared, is located in the southwest, in the vicinity of Stuttgart. The Scandinavian extension of the Borreby population
is concentrated in the coastal areas, with a notable survival in
Jren (southwestern Norway; Jren type). Borreby types are not uncommon the
southwestern parts of Sweden, in the general vicinity of Gteborg.

The Borreby zone is transitional to the Alpinid zone in the southwest, and to the Baltid in the east. The former transition has given rise to
an
intermediate Alpine-Borreby type, the Walloons type. In the northwest, along parts of the Norwegian coast line, Borrebys are frequently mixed
with Strandids, Upper Paleolithic survivors of a more fully alpinized and considerably darker Cro-Magnoid strain.

Special subtypes:

- "Fehmarner type"
- "Jren
type"

Related
or similar types:

- Walloons type

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RG - Borreby

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RG - Brnn

Etymology:

Brnn, or Brno, is a Czech city and archaeological site where Upper Paleolithic skeletal remains were discovered, certain skull types among which
were named after the site. These skulls belong to the general Aurignacid/Capellid variety of Upper Paleolithic human, and as such the application
of the Brnn name to the Cro-Magnid type in question is somewhat probematic. However, we have decided to retain Coon's use of the term, as
no synonym exists in the literature.

Other names:
[-]

Origins:
Mostly unreduced, typically dolicho- or
mesocephalic and mostly depigmented Upper Palaeolithic survivor of Cro-Magnid provenience, closely
related to the
Dalo-Falid type; the two are distinguished by minor specializations only. The distinctive "Irish" features which characterize the
Brnn are to some extent recalled in the Scandinavian Cro-Magnid stock. This is just as likely a result of convergence as of synapomorphy.

Description:
Like the Dalo-Falid type, Brnns are typically tall, broad-shouldered, and large-headed, with big bones and heavy musculature. In its unmixed
form the type is usually quite easily distinguished from other local varieties, such as the shorter-statured, more gracile and more leptomorphic
Keltic Nordid, with which it is cohabitant.

The modern Brnn inhabitants of western Ireland are mesocephalic to sub-brachycephalic, whereas their more easterly Cro-Magnid counterparts
are typically long-headed. This is possibly due to the presence of a shorter-headed strain (such as Borreby) in the former, or to a local process of
brachycephalization. The ancestral Cro-Magnid skull form was clearly
dolichocranial.

The Brnn forehead is high and broad, and the face broad and mostly orthognathous. The malars are wide, the lower jaw deep and broad (yet
usually not as broad as in the Dalo-Falid type), and the chin is prominent and typically clefted (the latter is foremost a male trait).

As with the other Cro-Magnid types, male Brnn facial features can be very ruggedly masculine, often with exaggeratedly pronounced
browridges and deep jaws; the degree of sexual dimorphism is high, and a corresponding ruggedness is not usually observed among the
females. As with Borreby women, these are typically rounder-featured and larger-breasted than the European mean.

The nose is moderately large, mesorrhine to

leptorrhine, and straight in profile, with a considerable concave
minority. The tip is somewhat thick, and frequently upturned. The mouth is large and the lines around the oral
cavity are deeply drawn, while the lips are moderately thick and little everted. The upper lip tends
characteristically towards
length
and convexity.

The skin, typically freckled, is very fair, and does not easily tan. The hair is brown and wavy, and often rufous (the
Irish Brnn is known for its frequent red-headedness). Curly hair seems to be an Irish specialty. The eyes are
light-mixed blue in the great majority of cases.

Stereotypically "Irish" features are known

to have been exaggerated in caricature.

Illustrations:

Examples
from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939) (Ireland):

(Cork) (Clare) (Clare) (Leitrim;

approaching Nordid)

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-brunn.htm[20/6/17 05:41:15]
RG - Brnn

Celebrity examples:

Martin McGuinness
John F. Kennedy Colm Meaney Andy Rooney

(Ireland)
(USA) (Ireland) (USA)

Further examples (Irish Americans):

Geographical distribution:

Western Ireland - Cork and Kerry in particular - houses the only living
Brnn population in the world today, and this element accounts
for nearly
half of the Irish racial composition on the whole.

The Irish Brnn type has added an important increment to the Icelandic population, which already contains a predominant Cro-Magnid strain
through the presence of the western Norwegian Trnder
type of Viking descent. An aboriginal Brnn-like population has also merged
with the
Germanic settlement in the Frisian and northwestern German
country, where its descendants take the form of an altered Hallstatt
Nordid, a type
referred to as Anglo-Saxon.
This mixed strain has played an important role in determining England's
present racial situation.

Related
or similar types:

- Dalo-Falid
- Trnder
- Anglo-Saxon

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RG - Dalo-Falid

Etymology:

The various terms with -Falid/Faelid/Phalian derive from the term flisch, which was coined by Gnther
(flische Rasse). It refers to
Westfalen
(Westphalia), where the type was believed to be especially numerous. The Dalisch/Dalo-element derives from the Swedish toponym Dalarna,
where the type was first identified by Paudler in 1924
(dalische Rasse).

Other names:
- Dalisch (Paudler)
- Dalo-Nordic (von Eickstedt)
-
Eurydolichomorph Cromagnid (von Eickstedt)
- Faelid (Lundman)
- Flisch (Gnther)
- Phalian/Phalic (English equivalent of
Flisch)
- Vstmanland type (Lundman, as applied to a particular Scandinavian subset)

Origins:
Unreduced, basically unaltered Cro-Magnids of northern Europe,
showing only partial
gracilization and facial
leptomorphicization with reference
to the Upper Paleolithic material. They are in most regards similar to Irish Cro-Magnids of "Brnn" type (the two are distinguished by minor
specializations only). Dalo-Falid or similar populations probably furnished an essential element in the formation of the Iron Age Nordid type(s),
and the border between
Hallstatt Nordid and Dalo-Falid is often blurry, despite differences in lateral measures and robusticity.

Description:
The Dalo-Falid is quite tall, and rather wide in most features, especially when compared to the more gracile Nordid. The neck is thick, the
shoulders broad, and the general impression is of great strength and robusticity.There is a certain extent of sexual dimorphism, and whereas
the men are typically very "masculine", the women develop corresponding features only to moderacy; they are often large-featured, however in
a distincively female way.

The Dalo-Falid head is meso- to

dolichocephalic, and
is
characterized by a wedge-like shape. The face is broad and somewhat short, often giving
the impression of a compressed Nordid, which undoubtedly reflects the partial contribution of Dalo-Falid or a similar Cro-Magnid strain to the
historical formation of the Nordid types. The maxillary bones are strongly developed.

The forehead is short and rather steep, and a characteristic supraorbital bulge is often seen, especially in men. In combination with deep-set
eyes, which are also common in Dalo-Falids, this feature tends to give the type a primitive aspect.

The nose is relatively short, yet thin (meso- to

leptorrhine), and often protrusive. The profile is mostly straight, with a slight tendency towards
concavity
(rather than convexity). In women, Alpinid-like noses are not uncommon.

The lower jaw is massive and broad, and the gonial angles are clearly visible, even flaring. The Dalo-Falid deviates from the Brnn
in this latter
respect, and while it is usually broad-faced, it seldom approaches the facial flatness common among Irish Brnns. However, the Dalo-Falid type
is strongly orthognathous,
with a nearly vertical mouth region, an impression which is reinforced by the thinness of the lips.

Furrows and folds appear at a relatively early age (in men, firstly), particularly on the forehead and along the sides of the nose and mouth. The
skin is a bright rosy color, approaching red, which is less common in Nordids. The pigmentation of the Dalo-Falid type is nearly as light as that of
Nordids. The hair is typically blond or brown, with a tendency towards rufosity, and the eyes are gray or blue.

Illustrations:
Celebrity examples:

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RG - Dalo-Falid

Rutger Hauer Courtney Thorne-Smith
Brad Pitt Timo Hildebrand
(The Netherlands) (USA) (USA) (Germany)

Further examples:

(The Netherlands) (Germany) (Germany) "Daloflisch" Swede

(from the Fischer Lexicon)

Geographical distribution:

Dalo-Falids are found in Northwestern Germany and surrounding areas, including southern Scandinavia and the Netherlands. It is mostly blended
with Nordid and Borreby in the central areas, and Baltid towards the east.

Related
or similar types:

- Brnn

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RG - East-Nordid

Etymology:
The name, coined by
Lundman, derives either from the association of the type with eastern Europe, or from its eastern provenience in relation to
the Hallstatt and Keltic Nordid types.

Other names:
-

Origins:
Stabilized blend of a dominant high-headed
Corded element with less important eastern European gracilized low-headed Cro-Magnoids, the
former of which is often resurgent in East-Nordid individuals. Other elements, e.g. Hallstatt Nordid, may have been involved, but they are
secondary to the above-mentioned. For further speculation on the topic of Nordid origins, please review
the main page of the Nordish Gallery.

Description:
The East-Nordid type is dolichocephalic, leptoprosopic and leptorrhine, and similar in most features and measurements to the Hallstatt type, and
there is considerable phenotypical overlap between the two. The main points of morphological departure involve the usually higher vault and
forehead, and often more prominent (and sometimes convex) nasal skeleton, of the East-Nordid. These features, which are highly variable, are
traits associated with a Corded morphology, and serve to illustrate the greater contribution of this highly specialized strain to the eastern variety,
as contrasted with the
Hallstatt and Keltic types (the latter of which is even characterized by a somewhat low and receding forehead). Body hair
is not as strong as with the Hallstatt type, and the facial features are typically softer.

Illustrations:
Examples from The
Races of Europe
(Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(A Chuvash from the Chuvash Republic)

Celebrity examples:

Pavel Kashin Elena Dementieva Alexander Godunov Maria Sharapova

(Russia)
(Russia)
(Russia; strongly Corded) (Belarus)

Further examples:

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RG - East-Nordid

(Russia)
(Russia) (?)

Geographical
distribution:
Throughout western Russia and northeastern Europe. Transitional to the Pontid Mediterranid type to the south, and intermediates are sometimes
referred to as North-Pontid. East-Nordids or East-Nordid approximations are frequently seen as far north as Finland, where an early Neolithic
Corded element is possibly more important than more recent Swedish-mediated
Nordid influence (of the
Hallstatt variety).

Related
or similar types:
- Hallstatt Nordid
- Keltic Nordic
- Trnder

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RG - Hallstatt Nordid

Etymology:
Hallstatt is the name of an Austrian village and a nearby archaeological site where extensive human remains, corresponding skeletally to the
classic Nordid type, were discovered.

Other names:
- Gtatyp (Lundman; "Gothic type", with reference to the Swedish region of Gtaland)
- Norrn type (K.E. Schreiner; Norw., "Norse type")
- Skandonordid (Lundman; also used in a more general sense)
- Teutonordid (von Eickstedt, Paudler)
- sterdal type (Halfdan Bryn; sterdalen is a long valley in eastern
Norway)

Origins:
Relatively unmixed Nordids. For some brief speculation on the topic of Nordid origins, please read the introduction to The Nordish Gallery.

Description:
The Hallstatt Nordic is
the 'classic' Nordid type, and metrically identical to the original central European Nordid type
preserved in Iron Age
skeletal material.

The typical Hallstatt Nordid is a leptosome - tall and lean, with relatively long legs and a
short body, moderately broad shoulders and relatively
short arms. The impression is of a long and slender type,
and corpulence is particularly rare. Sexual dimorphism is not significant.

The face is oval to

slightly rhomboid in shape, with a narrow, somewhat
sloping forehead - but much less so than is the case with
the Keltic type
- and browridges which are
present but rather weakly developed. The nasion
depression is moderate, while the nose, which is
typically parallel in
slope with the forehead, is mostly
straight or slightly convex, with a high incidence of
wavy forms. The nasal index is
leptorrhine, and there is
usually a noticeable transition from the nasal skeleton
to the soft parts of the nose.

The lower jaw is long

and deep with a well-developed chin, and the distance
from the lower teeth to the chin is often remarkable. The gonial
angles are compressed and usually not visible. The
malars are small and typically flattened in front, and the
zygomatic arches bend outward
to
some extent. The mouth is small, and the lips rather
thin.

The cephalic index mean

of the modern Hallstatt Nordid is low mesocephalic (C.I. ca. 77), although
dolichocephaly is not uncommon
among
individuals. The head, when seen from above, looks
like a long oval, somewhat flattened on both sides. When seen from behind, the impression
is of a rhomboid or rectangle. The occiput is curved or projecting, and flattening is rare or nonexistent.

The skin, which is a

pinkish white, is typically fine-textured and thin. This
thinness has the effect of pronouncing the bony parts of
the face and
making the muscles of the body stand out in
relief. The bones of the Hallstatt Nordid, and of the Nordid group as a whole, are small in
comparison to the
Cro-Magnid varieties.

The hair color of the

Hallstatt Nordid is characteristically and almost
exclusively blond, with ash-blond shades in one-third to
one-half of the
cases, the remainder having golden blond
to medium brown shades. Rufosity is virtually absent.
There is a small brunet minority that is
anthropologically Nordid, but aberrant pigmentation does not
necessarily indicate non-Nordid admixture.

The Nordid eye is

typically light-mixed blue, with a large pure light-eyed
minority. Here also there is a small dark-pigmented
minority.

Illustrations:

Examples from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(Finland) (Drangedal, (Ipswich, England)
Norway)

Celebrity examples:

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-hallstatt.html[20/6/17 05:41:24]
RG - Hallstatt Nordid

Max von SydowUlrika Jonsson Rintje Ritsma Annett Wichmann

(Sweden)
(Sweden)(The Netherlands) (Germany)

Further examples:

(USA; of German (Sweden)

descent)

Geographical
distribution:
The Hallstatt Nordid
type is found in its greatest concentration on the southern
Swedish plain and in the adjacent long valleys and lowlands of
southeastern Norway. Outside of this kernel, which Carleton Coon described as "a refuge of the classic Nordic race", non-Nordid (mostly
Cro-
Magnoid) admixture increases rapidly, and no true predominantly Hallstatt Nordid population may be found. The type has blended with broader-
featured, more robust Cro-Magnids in Denmark, northern Germany and the Be-Ne-Lux countries (Dalo-Falid,
Borreby), and is present at lower
levels in the British Isles, where the related
Keltic type is more common. The
type is inseparably tied to the ancient Germanic
migrations, and
Hallstatt Nordid individuals may be found
anywhere where there are traditions of Vlkerwanderung
settlement.

Related
or similar types:
- East-Nordid
- Keltic Nordid

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RG - Keltic Nordid

Etymology:
In the course of their migrations throughout Europe and elsewhere, the Celtic peoples brought with them a conglomeration of physical types,
among which this special Nordid variety seems to have been particularly numerous.
Carleton Coon consequently chose the term Keltic for the
present-day equivalent type. We have retained the archaic spelling with K, considering its great proliferation.

Other names:
- Iron Age Nordic (used by Coon as an alternative to Keltic Nordic, but also to denote any Iron Age central European Nordid)

Origins:
The Keltic Nordid type probably shares its earliest formative history with the Hallstatt variety, or a similar proto-strain (for some brief speculation
on the topic of Nordid origins, go
here). The migratory existence associated with the ancestry of the Keltic type clearly involved the absorption of
several non-Nordid strains, most importantly
central European Dinarid (probably by association with the Bell-Beaker culture of the Neolithic and
Bronze Ages). In this respect, one might say it is intermediate between the Hallstatt and Norid types. Additionally, the Keltic Nordid has mixed
with Atlanto-Mediterranid
(cf. North-Atlantid), the latter of which is probably present at a low level in the Keltic Nordid population as a whole.

Description:
The modern Keltic Nordid type is tall, slender, and moderately broad-shouldered. The head form is typically mesocephalic, with a mean
cephalic
index of 79, which is slightly higher than the present Hallstatt mean.

Nordids of this type are particularly

low-vaulted, with foreheads of much greater slope
than those of the Hallstatt type, recalling a more typically
Dinarid feature.
The vault, when in posterior view, gives a characteristically cylindrical impression, as opposed to the more nearly rhomboid or
rectangular vault shape of the Hallstatt variety. The Keltic face is relatively long and narrow, and the chin is moderately to strongly developed.
The temples, malars, and gonial angles are typically compressed, and not visible.

The Keltic nose is long, large and high-bridged, characteristically prominent, and narrow to medium in breadth. The profile is usually straight,
but wavy or concavo-convex (dinariform) profiles are not uncommon. A particularly convex-nosed and Dinaroid tendency is associated with
certain British urban areas.

The lips are thin to medium, and little everted.

The hair, which ranges in color from a blackish brown to a platinum-like ash-blond, is most commonly medium brown in pigment. It is generally
of a much darker tone than what is common among Hallstatt Nordids, a fact well illustrated by some the more recent photographic material
presented below. The eyes are predominantly light-mixed.

Illustrations:

Examples from The

Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(Ipswich, England) (Clare, Ireland)

Celebrity examples:

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-keltic.htm[20/6/17 05:41:27]
RG - Keltic Nordid

David Niven Emma Thompson

Edward Norton Kevin Costner
(England) (England/Scotland) (USA) (USA; more generalized
Nordid features)

Geographical
distribution:
Modern Keltic Nordid populations are for the most part descended from Celtic and Frankish tribes
on the northwestern European mainland and
on the Isles across the British
Channel. The type is concentrated in the British Isles and in the Be-Ne-Lux
nations, and an old Keltic enclave in
the Swiss Alps forms a secondary center.

Elsewhere, the Keltic Nordid type has found breeding ground overseas in North
America, down under in Australia, and in South Africa, and it still
figures as
the predominant Europid racial type in most extra-European British and
Dutch former colonies.

Special subtypes:
- Aran type
- urban British type of more pronounced Dinaroid affiliation

Related
or similar types:
- Hallstatt Nordid
- East-Nordid

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RG - Trnder

Etymology:

Trnder
is the designation in Norwegian of any speaker of the dialect Trndersk, including any inhabitant of Nord- and Sr-Trndelag, two
central Norwegian provinces that are geographically crucial to the distribution of the type in question. Trndertype is cognate to Swedish
Trnde(r)typ in
Lundman's typology.

Other
names:

-
North Germanic mesocephal, the (K. E. Schreiner)
-
Vestlandstypen (C. F. Larsen; No., "the Western Country
type")

Origins:

In the Upper Paleolithic, parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula were inhabited by large-framed, robust Cro-Magnids, similar to the modern Dalo-
Falid and "Brnn" varieties. As time passed, continual interbreeding with later (and perhaps earlier) arrivals contributed to a decrease in the
number of "pure" populations of this type (yet relatively unaltered forms may be found e.g. in certain mountain isolates, and individuals nearly
everywehere in Scandinavia do not seldom recapitulate fully
Cro-Magnid features). The most important arrival, in this respect, was that of the
Battle-Axe and Boat-Axe peoples, who carried with them the Corded type, a tall, high-headed,
dolichocephalic
leptosome of the eastern steppes,
which was perhaps more closely related to members of the Mediterranid parafamily than to the aforementioned Cro-Magnids. This type was
probably material to the formation of the Iron Age Nordid types in general, but in the central regions of the Scandinavian Peninsula (entering
from the northeast) it played a particularly interesting role, as it combined with local Cro-Magnids to form the special form known as the Trnder
type. This type has retained much of its Corded prevalence in the central Swedish and Norwegian provinces, becoming increasingly Cro-Magnid
toward the sothwestern parts of Norway, a distribution indicative the historical dispersal of the Battle-Axe and Boat-Axe peoples in the peninsula.
The Trnder population has thus evolved as a gradient type, internally variable yet mostly stabilized. The average Trnder is a Corded-Cro-
Magnid intermediate, a Nordid approximation, combining traits from both formatives with varying amounts of Hallstatt Nordid and
Borreby
strains.

Description:

The Trnder is a variable strain, ranging in type from

large, Irish-looking Cro-Magnid
individuals (cf. Brnn) and tall, slender Battle-Axe survivors
(Corded type), to
almost completely Nordid populations (to the point at which it is more sensible to talk about Trnder-influenced
Nordids).

The eastern central Swedish provinces, and the central Norwegian provinces of Nord- and Sr-Trndelag, form the
northeastern geographical
extreme of the Trnder type, which is characterized by great vault height (reflecting Corded prevalence). This type is concentrated in the valley
of Orkdal in Sr-Trndelag, predominating as a population element in all territories north of the Dovre mountains, from Nordmre in the west,
through Jmtland and all the way to the Baltic coast. The western and southwestern Norwegian inland population continues the type in in most
anthropological respects, but the Cro-Magnid element gains in importance the further one gets from the Orkdal area. One exeption to this rule is
the population of Hardanger,
members of which seem much more fully Corded and much less Cro-Magnid than adjacent Trnders. Cro-Magnid
prevalence establishes a Trnder end-type in the southeastern region of Setesdal (Valle type).

The Trnder is the tallest Scandinavian type (with the exception of the
Tydal type, which is at any rate a marginal phenomenon), which
accordingly makes it one of
Europe's tallest. It is a slender type, although not as slender as the local
Hallstatt Nordid, and its bones are larger
and heavier than what is considered typically Nordid.
Sexual dimorphism is strong, and Trnder females are seldom correspondingly big-boned,
but pedomorphism is less common than in Nordids proper, and robust females are not uncommon.
The head form is high mesocephalic (c.i.
typically 78-80; with the exeption of the
"Hardanger type", which is dolicho-mesocephalic), and the face is of considerable
length. The forehead
is very high, and at the same time both broader and much
less sloping than that of the Hallstatt Nordic. Frontal bosses, a non-Nordic
trait, are
frequently found, and the temporal region is much fuller. In addition,
the transitions from frontal to temporal and frontal to parietal regions are
smooth and difficult to find, whereas on the Nordid head they are clearly marked.

The nose is typically straight or convex, with a wide display of wavy forms
(the "Hardanger type" is, for instance, frequently convex-nosed), and
the
transition between bone and cartilage is difficult to locate without palpation
(feeling with the fingers), another feature which serves to
distinguish
the general Trnder type from the local Nordid.

The zygomatic arches of the Trnder type are less prominent than those of
the Hallstatt Nordid, and the
gonial angles are compressed and not
visible.
The skull is more rounded and the occiput less prominently curved than
that of the Nordid type.

The Trnder is typically blue-eyed, and light-mixed

blue is the predominant color. The hair is wavy and ranges in color
from darkish brown to
golden blond. Rufosity is common, whereas ash-blond
shades, a typical Hallstatt Nordic trait, are rarer. The skin
is coarser in texture and
tougher than regular Nordid skin, and the hair
is more abundant on beard and body.

On the whole, Trnder types give the impression of more robust, powerful and masculine Nordids.

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RG - Trnder

Illustrations:

Examples
from The
Races of Europe Examples
from Nordens Rastyper: Geografi
(Carleton S. Coon 1939): och Historia (Bertil Lundman):

(Two individuals from Bergen, (Two individuals from northern Svrdsj

Norway; both tend toward Cro-
and Enviken in Dalarna, Sweden; both
Magnid and
Nordid, rather than
tend toward Corded and Nordid rather
Corded)
than Cro-Magnid)

Examples from
Dalarnas Folk - Typer och Hrstamning (Bertil Lundman):

(From Ore in Dalarne, Sweden; Corded, Cro-Magnid and Nordid elements are
all present in various combinations)

Examples
from Die Somatologie der Norweger (K. "Valle type" (The Races of Europe,
E. Schreiner): (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

("Hardanger types" from Hardanger, Norway) (Valle, Norway)

Celebrity examples:

Liv Ullmann Agnar Mykle Caroline Winberg

(Norway) (Norway) (Sweden)

Non-Scandinavian Trnder approximations or descendants:

Example
from The
Races of Europe
(Carleton S. Coon 1939):

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-tronder.htm[20/6/17 05:42:29]
RG - Trnder

(England) (Kurland, Latvia; Blend of Corded and local Cro-Magnid,
the latter represented by West-Baltid/East-Cro-Magnid)

Geographical
distribution:

The Trnder type proper is essentially restricted to the Scandinavian peninsula. The zone of maximal concentration stretches from eastern
central Sweden, through the provinces of Trndelag, and southwestward from there on until it approaches the southern Norwegian coastal areas.
Coastal settlements are characterized by a prevalence of Trnder types in the innermost reaches of the fjords (e.g. the "Hardanger type"),
contrasted with the significantly more brachycephalic (Borreby
and
Strandid) populations that inhabit the islands and promontories. Trnders are
by far the most common element in the Norwegian population, whereas the Swedes are predominantly
Nordid.

Most of the Norwegian Vikings who settled in Iceland, Scotland, and northeastern England, were from the western part of the country, where
Trnder types predominate. Accordingly, Trnder-like types are frequently seen in areas of erstwhile Norse settlement.

(*) In the Baltics, bordering on the Scandinavian peninsula, Trnder-like types are not uncommon. A combination of Corded and local Cro-
Magnid elements, nowadays represented by the largely unreduced West-Baltids (an eastern Dalo-Falid or Brnn cognate), has resulted in a
Baltic Trnder approximation. This could be the type referred to as "Aistin" or "Aisto-Nordid" by Lundman, and "Fenno-Nordid" by others.

Special subtypes:

- Orkdal type
-
Hardanger type

Related
or similar types:

- Corded
- Hallstatt Nordid
-
Brnn
- Baltic Trnder approximation ("Aistin"?)

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RG - East-Baltid

Etymology:
The lands to the east of the Baltic shore form the traditional home of this type. The name, coined by Rolf Nordenstreng, has been applied (by
K.
E. Schreiner, among others)
to the totality of "blond brachycephals" (Baltid, Borreby) in northern Europe, and has also been used to indicate any
largely depigmented population element showing Lappoid admixture, and sometimes even Lappoids proper.

Other names:
- Homo arcticus
fennicus (Sergi)
- Osteuropid
(v. Eickstedt and Deniker; subsumes Baltid and even Lappoid)

Origins:
Altered
Cro-Magnoids of the Baltid variety, more completely balticized, which have absorbed visible amounts of Lappoid to yield a more or less
stabilized blend, principally Baltid but transitional to either of its component strains. A
Nordid strain is often present in the mix.

Description:
The East-Baltid type is variable in its expression, but is essentially characterized by medium stature and a stocky (pyknomorphic) build,
moderate
brachycephaly, a large head, a short and broad face, and a low-rooted, concave, and typically snub-tipped nose. The orbits are
relatively low, the browridges weakly developed, and the bizygomatic diameter great; the Lappoid influence is clearly indicated by the
characteristic prominence of the
malars. The East-Baltid jaw is wide and heavy, but not prominent, and the chin is somewhat receding.

The skin is a rather light tone, and the hair color ranges from a very light ash-blond to a medium-dark brown, all the while characterictically
lacking in golden shades. The eyes are typically a light gray or blue, but dark-mixed eyes do occur. As for the shape of the eyes, they are
frequently oblique, and more often so than in any other Europid type. This essentially Lappoid feature may be accompanied by partial or full
epicanthus.

Illustrations:

From Biasutti: From Lundman: Unknown source:

(Volhynia; "Baltid") (Dalarna, Sweden)

Celebrity examples:

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-east.htm[20/6/17 05:43:32]
RG - East-Baltid

Marko Kemppainen Oskars Spudzi Lauri Ylnen Klaus Maria Brandauer
(Finland) (Latvia) (Finland; predominance) (Austria)

Further examples:

(Latvia)(Finland) (Russia) (Belarus)

Geographical
distribution:
In essence, the East Baltid type forms an extension of the Lappoid variety into Europe. It is most common in the Baltic states and Finland, but
the area of its distribution extends southwestward into Poland and northeastern Germany, southeastward into Russia, and westward into the
Scandinavian Peninsula.

Special subtypes:

- Savolaxid (allegedly)
- Tavastid (allegedly)

Related
or similar types:

- Baltid

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RG - Norid

Etymology:
The term Norid, or more precisely Noric,
was coined by Lebzelter, and derives from Noricum,
the name of an ancient Roman province centered in
the
mountains of modern-day Austria, where the modern Norid
type is found in its greatest concentration.

Other names:
- Sub-Adriatic (Deniker; Adriatic refers to Dinarid in the same typology)

Origins:
Central European Nordid brachycephalized by
Dinarid admixture (a varying though mostly stabilized blend).
Coon speculated that the origin of
the type was not so much a case of combination of Nordid and Dinarid strains, as an actual
dinaricization of a
Nordid population through
interbreeding with Alpinids - a hypothesis which relies upon
Coon's idea that
Nordids are basically depigmented Mediterranids (click here for
Coon's theory of
dinaricization).

Description:
In most
respects, the Norid type takes the form of a blond Dinarid variant. It
displays features which are traditionally associated with
the Dinarid
race - a shallow
nasion depression,
leptorrhiny, great nose length, height, and convexity,
great brachycephaly, and moderately tall stature.
Norids
are not, though, as accentuated in these Dinarid features
as are the Dinarids themselves, but show a slightly less
exaggerated nasality, a
somewhat lower cephalic index
(82-85), and a smaller stature, due to the predominance
of the Nordid strain.

Norids are, like Dinarids,

planoccipital. This means that the
occiput of
the skull, the lower posterior bone extending from the foramen magnum to
lambda, is straight rather than curved
or projecting.

Norids are characteristically blond, and approach

Nordids in pigmentation. The hair is
usually medium brown to golden blond, the eyes light or
light-mixed, though this varies, and brown eyes are not uncommon. In areas where the
Dinarid element predominates,
pigmentation naturally
tends in a more brunet direction.

Illustrations:
Examples from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(Berlin, Germany) (Galicia, Poland) (Zadrima, Albania)

Celebrity examples:

Kurt Waldheim Steffi Graf Wayne Gretzky Carolyn B. Kennedy

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-norid.htm[20/6/17 05:43:35]
RG - Norid

(Austria) (Germany) (Canada; Belarusian descent) (USA)

Further examples:

(Austria) (Austria; rather
Dinarid)

Geographical
distribution:
The modern Norid racial zone is centered in Austria and Switzerland, the greater Norid territory reaching eastward and southward from northern
France - the Sub-Nordid country - through the Swiss Alps, and into the brunet Dinarid racial zone of northern Italy and the Balkans. In France it
blends with Alpinids in the south and with
Nordids in the terrirories to the north, and is everywhere transitional to the Sub-Nordid
or Alpinid-
mixed
Nordid
type. In southern Germany it is found
in combination with Alpinid,
Borreby, and other elements.
Norids or Norid-looking individuals
are found in most countries where relatively pure
Nordid
and Dinarids exist.

Related
or similar types:
- Keltic Nordid
- Dinarid
- Sub-Nordid

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-norid.htm[20/6/17 05:43:35]
RG - North-Atlantid

Etymology:

The term was coined by Bertil Lundman

(Nord-atlantid), and derives from the association of the type with the North Atlantic shores.

Other
names:

-
Northwestern (Deniker; mostly synonymous)

Origins:

Re-emergence of a Mesolithic/Neolithic Atlanto-Mediterranid strain through a chrysalis of Nordish types; the Mediterranid strain, primarily
associated with the western European coastal culture
of the Megaliths, is one of the locally oldest racial strains in Britain, only predated by the
Paleolithic settlements of Cro-Magnids ("Brnn") following the Last Glacial Maximum.

Description:

The North-Atlantid takes an intermediate morphological and anthropometric position

between the tall Atlanto-Mediterranid and
Nordish (chiefly
Nordid) types involved in its formation, but the latter
elements predominate, and the impression is more usually of an "exotic Nordid" phenotype
than
of a "nordicized Mediterranid" one.

North-Atlantids are essentially characterized by dolichocephaly,

leptoprosopy and
leptorrhiny.
Pigmentation is relatively light. Hair color runs
from dark brown to almost black, whereas eye pigmentation is typically light - blue and green eyes are the rule. The skin is seldom darker than
the northern
European mean.

Illustrations:

Celebrity examples:

Pierce Brosnan Jennifer Connelly Gary Cooper Mathew Goode

(Ireland) (USA) (USA) (England)

Geographical
distribution:

The type is most highly concentrated in coastal areas of Ireland, Wales and Scotland, and has dispersed around most of the British Isles. Its
connection to similar continental types inhabiting adjacent coastal areas establishes it as a northern extreme of the Atlantid gradient, which
terminates in the southwestern Atlanto-Mediterranid type.

Related
or similar types:
-
Atlanto-Mediterranid

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RG - North-Atlantid

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RG - Sub-Nordid

Etymology:
The designation Sub-Nordic, or more precisely Subnordique, was used by
Montandon to designate a
central European Nordid altered by
Alpinid
admixture. The name has also been applied to an eastern European blended type (Deniker).

Other names:
[-]

Origins:
Iron Age Nordid and
Alpinid intermediate (either one predominant); in northern regions
(the Be-Ne-Lux in particular) it often subsumes an
unreduced Upper Palaeolithic
Borreby strain.

Description:
The type is variable, and less stabilized than adjacent blends, e.g.
Nordid. Consequently, the Sub-Nordid type or gradient occupies various
intermediate anthropometric and morphological positions between
Nordid and Alpinid.

Illustrations:
Examples from The
Races of Europe (Carleton S. Coon 1939):

(North Brabant, (West Flanders,
(Bern, Switzerland) (northern France;
Netherlands) Belgium) "Galatian type")

Celebrity examples:

Calista Flockhart Brigitte Bardot

Christopher Lambert Julie Delpy

(USA) (France)

(French parents) (France)

Further examples:

http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/rg-sub.htm[20/6/17 05:43:40]
RG - Sub-Nordid

(Austria)

Geographical
distribution:

Sub-Nordid types are found in great concentrations in Austria, Switzerland, France and adjacent territories - essentially anywhere where Nordid
and
Alpinid elements are both salient in the population.

Special subtypes:

- Galatian type (a special French variety)

Related
or similar types:

- Alpinid
-
Keltic Nordid
-
Norid
- Walloons type

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