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La minera al igual que en otros procesos industriales requiere de un anlisis profundo de la forma de explotacin de
los minerales, una de las etapas cruciales que definen la rentabilidad o no de un proyecto minero a cielo abierto
corresponde al diseo final ptimo del rajo abierto.
La tecnologa de procesamiento de informacin en base a modelos matemticos de optimizacin, ha sido
desarrollada durante muchos aos por los principales centros de investigacin de pases desarrollados con importante
influencia en inversiones mineras de gran magnitud.
Es as que podemos recopilar importantes esfuerzos cientficos desarrollados en Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Rusia,
Francia, Blgica, etc. con miras a encontrar la frmula o el algoritmo matemtico mas eficiente y flexible para conseguir un
diseo ptimo matemtico de una mina a cielo abierto.
Casi todos estos mtodos o algortmos descritos, logran obtener o llegar con bastante aproximacin al ptimo
matemtico (a excepcin del Cono Movil), pero la diferencia se encuentra en la flexibilidad para el procesamiento y
velocidad para converger en el ptimo matemtico, que como se sabe es nico.
EL MODELO
El modelo en que se representa el algoritmo de cono mvil flotante u optimizante es el Modelo de Bloques. Es un
modelamiento tridimensional que consiste en discretizar virtualmente el yacimiento en bloques. Representa el deposito
como una caja grande que abarca todo el yacimiento y luego se subdivide en bloques.
Las dimensiones de los bloques dependen de las caractersticas del deposito; forma del yacimiento, continuidad
especial, mineral a explotar, selectividad, tamao de equipos, topografa y los datos disponibles para la estimacin del
bloque, por lo que cada bloque podr guardar informacin relevante de datos como:
Si el beneficio es positivo, todos los bloques incluidos dentro del cono se marcan y se quitan de la matriz de bloques,
con lo que se crea una nueva superficie. Por el contrario, si el beneficio es negativo, la matriz se queda como est y el
vrtice del cono se traslada al segundo bloque cuyo valor est por encima de la ley mnima de explotacin, repitindose, a
continuacin el proceso.
El desarrollo iterativo del Algoritmo del C.M.F.O.; en forma de diagrama de flujo, se puede observar en la siguiente
figura:
DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO ITERATIVO DEL ALGORITMO DEL CONO
MVIL FLOTANTE U OPTIMIZANTE
Inicio
Construir cono
No
Es cono positivo?
Si
Incluir este cono como parte del pit
No
Tomar el prximo bloque de mineral
Si
Todos los niveles?
No
Tomar el siguiente nivel
Fin
EVOLUCIN DEL ALGORITMO DEL CONO MVIL
En la dcada de los 60, se conocieron los primeros mtodos, basados en el
modelo de bloques, para ser usados mediante un programa computacional.
MARC LEMIEUX
PANA Y CARLSON
PANA
ALGORITMO
CONO
FLOTANTE
Evaluar cada uno de los bloques del modelo, comenzando en el extremo superior
izquierdo, hasta el bloque que se encuentra en el extremo inferior derecho del
modelo.
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL POSITIVO
Beneficio Neto = $80 - $90 = -$10 Beneficio Neto = $100 - $90 = $10
NO SE
SE EXTRAE
EXTRAE
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL POSITIVO
SERA
EL
PTIMO
SE EXTRAE
PTIMO
SE EXTRAE
Beneficio Neto = $20 - $90 = -$70 Beneficio Neto = $120 - $90 = $30
NO SE
SE EXTRAE
EXTRAE
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL NEGATIVO
SERA
EL
PTIMO
SE EXTRAE
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL NEGATIVO
Beneficio Neto = $20 - $90 = -$70 Beneficio Neto = $120 - $90 = $30
NO SE
SE RELLENA
RELLENA
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL NEGATIVO
SERA
EL
PTIMO
NO SE
RELLENA
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL NEGATIVO
Primera etapa
La primera secuencia de anlisis de extraccin de conos se inicia listando los
bloques positivos, en forma descendente, nivel por nivel. Identificados los bloques
positivos, el siguiente paso es aplicar las tcnicas del cono mvil positivo (CMP) y
negativo (CMN) simultneamente.
Segunda Etapa
Esta etapa tiene por objetivo evaluar las relaciones de superposicin de conos y
analizar si estos deben ser incluidos en el rajo final.
EJEMPLO DE CONO MVIL FLOTANTE U OPTIMIZANTE
Pit Final
El mtodo del cono mvil optimizante presenta como principal ventaja el permitir
evaluar los conos con sobrecarga relacionada, determinando si estos son incluidos o
no en el rajo final.
Limitaciones
Fallas que se pueden producir con los conos interrelacionados, ya que pueden
causar un gran impacto sobre depsitos complejos en lo que se refiere a
mineralizacin, estructuras y distribucin de leyes.
Donde:
Debemos aplicar:
UBE = -VB*DABE*Cr
Donde:
UBE: Utilidad del bloque de estril (US$)
VB: Volumen del bloque (M3)
DABE: Densidad aparente del bloque en estril (T/M3)
Cr: Costo de remocin (US$/T)
ANEXO
Para Valorizar cada bloque, debemos realizarlo por dos vas ya sea estril
o mineral:
Debemos aplicar:
UBM = VB*DABM*(LBM*R*(P - CR) (CM + CP))
Donde:
UBM: Utilidad del bloque de mineral (US$)
VB: Volumen del bloque (M3)
DABM: Densidad aparente del bloque en mineral (T/M3)
LBM: Ley del bloque con mineral
R: Recuperacin metalrgica
P: Precio (US$/Lb)
CR: Costo refinacin y venta (US$/Lb)
CM: Costo mina (US$/T)
CP: Costo Planta (US$/T)
ANEXO
Ejemplo:
3.- Valorice la matriz del ejercicio 2b.
con los siguientes datos:
CM= 0,87(US$/T)
CP= 3(US$/T)
R= 80(%) = 0,80
P= 1323(US$/T)
CR= 200(US$/T)
VB= 1000(M3); 10x10x10.
DABM= 2,7(T/M3)
DABE= 2,4(T/M3)
Cr= 0,81(US$/T)
ANEXO
Ejemplo:
4.- A travs de esta matriz,
Obtener el pit final. (US$).
ANEXO
Nivel: Superficie
Mineral: 0
Estril: 0
Utilidades: 0
ANEXO
Nivel: 1
Mineral: 31.182
Estril: 0
Utilidades: 31.182
ANEXO
Nivel: 2
Mineral: 37.245
Estril: -3.888
Utilidades: 33.357
ANEXO
Nivel: 3
Mineral: 30.697
Estril: -7.776
Utilidades: 22.921
ANEXO
Nivel: 4
Mineral: 35.305
Estril: -11.664
Utilidades: 23.641
ANEXO
Nivel: 5
Mineral: 20.532
Estril: -7.776
Utilidades: 12.756
ANEXO
Nivel: 6
Mineral: 28.535
Estril: -19.440
Utilidades: 9.095
ANEXO
Nivel: 7
Mineral: 25.382
Estril: -23.328
Utilidades: 2.054
ANEXO
Nivel: 8
Mineral: 21.522
Estril: -13.608
Utilidades: 7.914
ANEXO
Nivel: 9
Mineral: 15.945
Estril: -13.608
Utilidades: 2.337
ANEXO
Nivel: 10
Mineral: 37.730
Estril: -29.160
Utilidades: 8.570
ANEXO
Es una programacin dinmica precisa para definir el limite del pit en una
seccin transversal de dos dimensiones, por medio del cual es posible lograr
el mayor beneficio posible.
Donde:
K, toma valores de: -1, 0, 1.
j: corresponde a valores de columna.
i: corresponde a valores de fila.
Mij: corresponde al beneficio obtenido para extraer una sola columna de
bloques con el bloque ij en su base.
Pij: corresponde al beneficio mximo que puede generar columnas de 1,
hasta j dentro de un pit que contiene el bloque ij en su limite.
EJEMPLO DEL ALGORITMO DE LERCHS & GROSSMAN
2 Paso: para formar la matriz Pij, se debe cumplir con la siguiente restriccin
optimizante: Pij = Mij + Max(Pi+k , j-1). VALOR
MAS
Mij 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CUL
16 17 ES
E18
L
19 20 21
POSITIVO
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0VALOR
0 0 0 0 0
1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2-2 -2 -2 1 2 3 4 MXIMO?
5 4 2 1 -2 -2
2 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4-4 -2 -1 3 5 7 9 9 7 4 -1 -4
3 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6-4 -1 1 6 9 12 13 12 8 2 -3
4 -8 -8 -8 -8-3 1 3 9 13 17 15 13 6 0
5 -11 -11 -6-1 1 6 13 18 19 15 10 3
6 -14 -9-3 3 9
VALOR 18 16 17 12 7
7 P3,10 1 -12-3 5 9
MXIMO
16-4 14 14 -7 9 -9 -3
8 -6 4 6 13 11 11
A cada bloque Mij, se le suma un valor mximo; de tres valores de los bloques de
columna de la matriz Pij, los cuales son, bloque: superior, medio e inferior.
Pij 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 1 3 11 26 49 76 88 93 91 89
2 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -4 -3 1 8 22 44 72 86 92 91 89
3 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -10 -7 -3 3 15 35 63 79 88 90 89
4 -20 -20 -20 -20 -15 -9 -4 6 23 50 67 80 86 88
5 -31 -31 -26 -21 -14 -3 10 33 52 67 77 83
6 -45 -40 -29 -18 -5 15 31 50 64 74
7 -57 -43 -24 -9 11 29 45 59
8 -63 -39 -18 4 22 40
EJEMPLO DEL ALGORITMO DE LERCHS & GROSSMAN
Luego, desde el bloque con valor 93; hacia la izquierda, se encuentran tres
bloques: superior, medio e inferior, con valores 0, 88 y 92, por lo tanto, se escoje el
siguiente bloque de mayor valor. As iterando hasta cerrar el pit final ptimo
econmico.
Matriz Vij:
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.647 7.740 9.923 9.195 1.677 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.498 5.557 11.135 2.405 10.650 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 3.860 1.920 5.557 8.953 10.408 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.498 3.617 8.710 9.195 6.285 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.255 7.983 2.890 2.405 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 6.285 7.983 6.770 7.498 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 10.893 2.405 8.953 3.132 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 8.710 9.923 2.890 4.830 4.830 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.983 1.920 9.195 8.710 7.012 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.012 9.195 9.923 5.800 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.680 9.680 7.740 6.042 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.255 6.042 1.920 1.920 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.405 6.527 11.135 2.647 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.438 4.102 7.255 2.162 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 10.165 5.072 9.923 11.378 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.740 2.405 2.647 9.195 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.830 10.408 1.920 1.677 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.830 4.345 6.042 5.557 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.195 9.438 7.740 6.770 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 3.617 3.617 2.890 9.923 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 11.135 6.770 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 8.468 2.162 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 6.527 5.557 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.740 4.102 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.102 3.617 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
EJEMPLO DEL ALGORITMO DE LERCHS & GROSSMAN
Matriz Mij:
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.647 7.740 9.923 9.195 1.677 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 10.145 13.297 21.058 11.600 12.327 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888 -3.888
-5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 14.004 15.217 26.615 20.552 22.735 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832
-7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 21.502 18.834 35.326 29.748 29.020 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776 -7.776
-9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 19.558 26.089 43.308 32.637 31.425 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720 -9.720
-11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 17.614 32.374 51.291 39.407 38.922 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664
-13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 15.670 43.267 53.695 48.360 42.054 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608 -13.608
-15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 13.726 51.977 63.618 51.249 46.884 -8.778 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552 -15.552
-17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 11.782 59.960 65.538 60.445 55.594 -1.766 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496 -17.496
-19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 9.838 58.016 72.550 69.640 65.517 4.034 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440
-21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 7.894 56.072 82.230 79.320 73.257 10.077 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384 -21.384
-23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 5.950 54.128 89.485 85.362 75.177 11.996 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328 -23.328
-25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 4.006 52.184 91.890 91.890 86.312 14.643 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272 -25.272
-27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 2.062 50.240 101.328 95.992 93.567 16.805 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216 -27.216
-29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 118 48.296 111.493 101.064 103.490 28.183 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160
-31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -1.826 46.352 119.233 103.469 106.137 37.378 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104 -31.104
-33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -3.770 44.408 124.063 113.877 108.056 39.055 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048 -33.048
-34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -5.714 42.464 128.892 118.221 114.099 44.613 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992 -34.992
-36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -7.658 40.520 138.088 127.659 121.839 51.383 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936 -36.936
-38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -9.602 38.576 141.705 131.276 124.728 61.305 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880 -38.880
-40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -11.546 36.632 139.761 142.412 131.498 59.361 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824
-42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -13.490 34.688 137.817 150.879 133.660 57.417 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768 -42.768
-44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -15.434 32.744 135.873 157.407 139.218 55.473 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712 -44.712
-46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -17.378 30.800 133.929 165.147 143.320 53.529 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656 -46.656
-48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -19.322 28.856 131.985 169.249 146.937 51.585 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600 -48.600
EJEMPLO DEL ALGORITMO DE LERCHS & GROSSMAN
Matriz Pij:
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.647 15.941 31.421 55.308 68.564 102.188 125.886 137.211 138.609 153.461 151.517 149.573 154.384 164.891 162.947
-5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 -5.832 8.201 21.498 46.113 66.887 104.132 127.830 139.155 140.553 155.405 151.517 150.179 156.328 166.835 162.947 161.003
-11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 -11.664 8.172 25.055 55.287 91.805 131.718 143.043 144.441 159.293 153.650 154.067 160.216 170.723 166.767 161.003 157.115
-19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 -19.440 9.838 28.672 71.253 108.983 148.875 150.273 165.125 159.482 159.899 166.048 176.555 172.599 164.823 158.991 153.227
-29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 -29.160 118 35.927 79.235 119.855 158.049 172.901 167.258 167.675 173.824 184.331 180.375 170.655 162.879 155.103 149.271
-40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -40.824 -11.546 32.492 87.218 126.625 182.621 176.978 177.395 183.544 194.051 190.095 178.617 168.711 158.991 151.215 143.439
-54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -54.432 -25.154 31.721 86.187 143.699 188.642 189.059 195.208 205.715 201.759 190.281 178.234 165.009 155.103 145.383 137.607
-69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -69.984 -40.706 26.823 95.339 146.588 202.667 208.816 219.323 215.367 203.889 191.842 176.290 162.682 149.457 139.551 129.831
-87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -87.480 -58.202 19.253 92.360 155.783 217.594 234.875 230.919 219.441 207.394 189.898 174.346 158.794 145.186 131.961 122.055
-106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -106.920 -77.642 -187 91.803 162.000 236.640 248.415 236.937 224.890 205.450 187.954 170.458 154.906 139.354 125.746 112.521
-128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -128.304 -99.026 -21.571 82.044 171.123 244.380 256.377 244.330 223.649 203.506 184.355 166.570 149.074 133.522 117.970 104.362
-151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -151.632 -122.354 -44.899 67.915 167.406 246.300 265.714 245.033 221.923 205.739 182.411 161.027 143.242 125.746 110.194 94.642
-176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -176.904 -147.626 -70.171 46.991 159.805 253.718 268.361 245.251 229.067 203.795 180.467 157.139 135.755 117.970 100.474 84.922
-204.120 -204.120 -204.120 -204.120 -204.120 -204.120 -204.120 -174.842 -97.387 31.157 142.983 253.371 270.523 254.339 227.475 201.851 176.579 153.251 129.923 108.539 90.754 73.258
-233.280 -233.280 -233.280 -233.280 -233.280 -233.280 -204.002 -126.547 14.106 132.221 246.473 281.555 254.691 225.531 198.315 172.691 147.419 124.091 100.763 79.379 61.594
-264.384 -264.384 -264.384 -264.384 -264.384 -235.106 -157.651 -7.314 117.575 238.358 283.851 252.747 223.587 194.427 167.211 141.587 116.315 92.987 69.659 48.275
-297.432 -297.432 -297.432 -297.432 -268.154 -190.699 -33.588 106.563 225.631 277.413 250.803 219.699 190.539 161.379 134.163 108.539 83.267 59.939 36.611
-332.424 -332.424 -332.424 -303.146 -225.691 -61.806 84.634 220.662 270.244 242.421 215.811 184.707 155.547 126.387 99.171 73.547 48.275 24.947
-369.360 -369.360 -340.082 -262.627 -87.603 65.853 206.472 272.044 235.108 205.485 178.875 147.771 118.611 89.451 62.235 36.611 11.339
-408.240 -378.962 -301.507 -120.922 43.673 190.581 267.778 233.164 196.228 166.605 139.995 108.891 79.731 50.571 23.355 -2.269
-419.786 -342.331 -161.746 21.490 175.172 249.943 226.954 192.340 155.404 125.781 99.171 68.067 38.907 9.747 -17.469
-385.099 -204.514 -10.866 155.150 232.589 207.175 184.186 149.572 112.636 83.013 56.403 25.299 -3.861 -33.021
-249.226 -47.107 128.351 210.624 187.877 162.463 139.474 104.860 67.924 38.301 11.691 -19.413 -48.573
-84.079 96.213 181.881 163.968 141.221 115.807 92.818 58.204 21.268 -8.355 -34.965 -66.069
62.858 147.798 133.281 115.368 92.621 67.207 44.218 9.604 -27.332 -56.955 -83.565
EJEMPLO DEL ALGORITMO DE LERCHS & GROSSMAN
Matriz Vij:
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.647 7.740 9.923 9.195 1.677 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.498 5.557 11.135 2.405 10.650 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 3.860 1.920 5.557 8.953 10.408 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.498 3.617 8.710 9.195 6.285 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.255 7.983 2.890 2.405 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 6.285 7.983 6.770 7.498 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 10.893 2.405 8.953 3.132 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 8.710 9.923 2.890 4.830 4.830 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.983 1.920 9.195 8.710 7.012 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.012 9.195 9.923 5.800 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.680 9.680 7.740 6.042 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.255 6.042 1.920 1.920 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 2.405 6.527 11.135 2.647 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.438 4.102 7.255 2.162 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 10.165 5.072 9.923 11.378 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.740 2.405 2.647 9.195 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.830 10.408 1.920 1.677 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.830 4.345 6.042 5.557 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 9.195 9.438 7.740 6.770 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 3.617 3.617 2.890 9.923 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 11.135 6.770 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 8.468 2.162 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 6.527 5.557 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 7.740 4.102 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
-1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 4.102 3.617 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944 -1.944
Ambos metodos son eficientes llegando al mismo resultado, pero el ACMFU, deja
la informacin de cmo extraer el material fase por fase, dando mayor informacin.