Aptitude Solved Problems

Ratio And Proportion

Ratio :

Ratio is a quantity which represents the relationship between two similar quantities.

If the two quantities are a and b, then ratio of a and b represented as

a : b or ( a / b )
Here a is called antecedent and b is called consequent

Basic Formulas :

The ratio of two quantities a and b in the same units, is the fraction and we write it as a : b.

Types of Ratio :

Duplicate ratio:

Duplicate ratio is the ratio of two equal ratios.

Duplicate ratio of ( a : b ) is ( a2 : b2 )

Example sum :

16 : 25 is the duplicate ratio of 4 : 5

Triplicate Ratio :

The triplicate ratio is the compound ratio of three equal ratios.

The ratio of the cubes of the two numbers.
( a : b ) is ( a3 : b3 )

Example sum

64 : 125 is the triplicate ratio of 4 : 5

Sub duplication Ratio :

The ratio between the square roots of the two numbers

( a : b ) is ( a : b )

Example sum

4 : 5 is the sub duplicate ratio of 16 : 25

Sub triplicate Ratio :

1
The ratio between the cube roots of the two numbers
( a : b ) is ( a(1/3) : b(1/3) )

Example sum

4 : 5 is the sub triplicate ratio of 64 : 125

Inverse Ratio :

If the two terms in the ratio interchange their places, then the new ratio is inverse ratio of the first.

Example sum :

9 : 5 is the inverse ratio of 5 : 9

Compound Ratio :

The ratio of the product of the first terms to that of the second terms of two or more ratios.

Example sum :

The compound ratio of ( 3 / 4 ), ( 5 / 7 ), ( 4 / 5 ), ( 4 / 5 ) is ( 9 / 35 )

Proportional :

The equality of two ratios is called proportion.

When A : B = m : n, and C : D = p : q.
we say that A, B, C, D are in proportion.
Here A and D are called extremes, while B and C are called mean terms.
Product of means = Product of extremes.
Thus, a : b :: c : d ( b * c ) = ( a * d )

Fourth Proportional :

If a : b = c : d, then d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, c.

Example sum :

Find the fourth proportion to 2, 3, 6 ?

Let the forth proportional 2, 3 and 6 be x.
2 : 3 :: 6 : x
(2/3)=(6/x)
x = 18 / 2
x=9

Third Proportional :

a : b = c : d, then c is called the third proportion to a and b.

2
Example sum :

Find the third proportion to 16 and 36 ?

Let the third proportional 16 and 36 be x.
16 : 36 :: 36 : x
16 * x = 36 * 36
x = ( 36 * 36 ) / 16
= 81

Mean Proportional :

Mean proportional between a and b is ab.

Example sum :

Find the mean proportion between 0.08 and 0.18?

= 0.08 * 0.18
= ( 8 / 100 ) * ( 18 / 100 )
= ( 144 / ( 100 * 100 ) )
= 12 / 100
= 0.12

Comparison of Ratios :

We say that ( a : b ) < ( c : d ) ( a / b ) > ( c / d )

Example sum :

1. Find the ratio between 20 and 32 ?

Ratio = 20 / 32
=5/8
Solved Problems
1. Arrange the following ratios in descending order.
2 : 3, 3 : 4, 5 : 6, 1 : 5
Answer : 5 : 6 > 3 : 4 > 2 : 3 > 1 : 5
Explanation :
Given ratios are 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 1/5
The L.C.M. of 3, 4, 6, 5 is 2 * 2 * 3 * 5 = 60
Now, 2/3 = (2 * 20)/(3 * 20) = 40/60
3/4 = (3 * 15)/(4 * 15) = 45/60
5/6 = (5 * 10)/(6 * 10) = 50/60
1/5 = (1 * 12)/(5 * 12) = 12/60
Clearly, 50/60 > 45/60 > 40/60 > 12/60
Therefore, 5/6 > 3/4 > 2/3 > 1/5
So, 5 : 6 > 3 : 4 > 2 : 3 > 1 : 5

2. If x : y = 1 : 2, find the value of (2x + 3y) : (x + 4y)

3
Answer : 8 : 9
Explanation :
x : y = 1 : 2 means x/y = 1/2
Now, (2x + 3y) : (x + 4y) = (2x + 3y)/(x + 4y) [Divide numerator and denominator by y.]
= [(2x + 3y)/y]/[(x + 4y)/2]
= [2(x/y) + 3]/[(x/y) + 4], put x/y = 1/2
We get = [2 (1/2) + 3)/(1/2 + 4)
= (1 + 3)/[(1 + 8)/2]
= 4/(9/2)
= 4/1 2/9 = 8/9
Therefore the value of (2x + 3y) : (x + 4y) = 8 : 9

3. If 2A = 3B = 4C, find A : B : C
Answer : 6 : 4 : 3
Explanation :
Let 2A = 3B = 4C = x
So, A = x/2 B = x/3 C = x/4
The L.C.M of 2, 3 and 4 is 12
Therefore, A : B : C = x/2 * 12 : x/3 * 12 : x/4 = 12
= 6x : 4x : 3x
=6:4:3
Therefore, A : B : C = 6 : 4 : 3

4. The length of the ribbon was originally 30 cm. It was reduced in the ratio 5 : 3. What is its
length now?
Answer : 18 cm
Explanation :
Length of ribbon originally = 30 cm
Let the original length be 5x and reduced length be 3x.
But 5x = 30 cm
x = 30/5 cm = 6 cm
Therefore, reduced length = 3 cm
= 3 * 6 cm = 18 cm

5. Find the third proportional of 16 and 20.

Answer : 25
Explanation :
Let the third proportional of 16 and 20 be x.
Then 16, 20, x are in proportion.
This means 16 : 20 = 20 : x
So, 16 * x = 20 * 20
x = (20 * 20)/16 = 25
Therefore, the third proportional of 16 and 20 is 25.

6. Set up all possible proportions from the numbers 8, 12, 20, 30.
Answer : 8 : 12 = 20 : 30, 8 : 20 = 12 : 30, 12 : 8 = 30 : 20, 12 : 30 = 8 : 20
Explanation :
We note that 8 * 30 = 240 and 12 * 20 = 240
Thus, 8 * 30 = 12 * 20 ..(I)
Hence, 8 : 12 = 20 : 30 .. (i)

4
We also note that, 8 * 30 = 20 * 12
Hence, 8 : 20 = 12 : 30 .. (ii)
(I) can also be written as 12 * 20 = 8 * 30
Hence, 12 : 8 = 30 : 20 .. (iii)
Last (I) can also be written as
12 : 30 = 8 : 20 .. (iv)
Thus, the required proportions are 8 : 12 = 20 : 30
8 : 20 = 12 : 30 12 : 8 = 30 : 20 12 : 30 = 8 : 20

7. Mother divided the money among Ron, Sam and Maria in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If Maria got $150,
find the total amount and the money received by Ron and Sam.
Answer : $180
Explanation :
Let the money received by Ron, Sam and Maria be 2x, 3x, 5x respectively.
Given that Maria has got $ 150.
Therefore, 5x = 150
or, x = 150/5
or, x = 30
So, Ron got = 2x
= $ 2 * 30 = $60
Sam got = 3x
= 3 * 60 = $90
Therefore, the total amount $(30 + 60 + 90) = $180

8. What must be added to each term of the ratio 2 : 3, so that it may become equal to 4 : 5?
Answer : 2
Explanation :
Let the number to be added be x, then (2 + x) : (3 + x) = 4 : 5
(2 + x)/(5 + x) = 4/5
5(2 + x) = 4(3 + x)
10 + 5x = 12 + 4x
5x - 4x = 12 - 10
x=2

9. A sum of Rs.312 was divided among 100 boys and girls in such a way that the boy gets Rs.3.60
and each girl Rs.2.40 the number of girls is
Answer : 40
Explanation :
Let x be the number of boys and yy be the number of girls.
Given total number of boys and girls = 100
x + y = 100
Step (ii) A boy gets Rs. 3.60 and a girl gets Rs. 2.40
The amount given to 100 boys and girls = Rs. 312
3.6x + 2.4y = 312
Step (iii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
3.6x + 3.6y = 360 multiplying by 3.6
3.6x + 2.4y = 312
1.20y = 48
y = 40

5
The number of girls is 40

10. The salary of two friends Ramu and Raju are in the ratio 4:5. If the salary of each one increases
by Rs.6000, then the new ratio becomes 48:55. What is Raju's present salary?
Answer : Rs.10500
Explanation :
Ratio their salary is 4:5
Let the original salary of Ramu and Raju be 4k and 5k respectively.
After increasing Rs.6000, the ratio becomes 48:55
That is,
(4k + 6000)/(5k + 6000) = 48/55
55(4k + 6000) = 48(5k + 6000)
220k + 330000 = 240k + 288000
20k = 42000
We have to find the original salary of Raju; that is, 5k.
If 20k = 42000 then 5k = 10500.
Hence the required answer is Rs.10500

11. In a bag, there are a certain number of toy-blocks with alphabets A, B, C and D written on
them. The ratio of blocks A:B:C:D is in the ratio 4:7:3:1. If the number of A blocks is 50 more
than the number of C blocks, what is the number of B blocks?
Answer : 350
Explanation :
Let the number of the blocks A,B,C,D be 4x, 7x, 3x and 1x respectively
4x = 3x + 50
x = 50.
So the number of B blocks is 7 * 50 = 350.

12. In a mixture of 45 litres, the ratio of sugar solution to salt solution is 1:2. What is the amount of
sugar solution to be added if the ratio has to be 2:1?
Answer : 2:1
Explanation :
Number of litres of sugar solution in the mixture = (1/(1+2)) * 45 = 15 litres.
So, 45 - 15 = 30 litres of salt solution is present in it.
Let the quantity of sugar solution to be added be x litres.
Setting up the proportion,
sugar solution / salt solution = (15 + x)/30 = 2/1
x = 45.
Therefore, 45 litres of sugar solution has to be added to bring it to the ratio 2:1.

13. A bag contains 50 P, 25 P and 10 P coins in the ratio 5: 9: 4, amounting to Rs. 206. Find the
number of coins of each type respectively.
Answer : 200, 360, 160
Explanation :
let ratio be x.
Hence no. of coins be 5x ,9x , 4x respectively
Now given total amount = Rs.206
=> (.50)(5x) + (.25)(9x) + (.10)(4x) = 206
we get x = 40
=> No. of 50p coins = 200

6
=> No. of 25p coins = 360
=> No. of 10p coins = 160

14. Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2:3. If the salary of each is increased by Rs. 4000,
the new ratio becomes 40:57. What is Sumit's salary?
Answer : Rs. 38,000
Explanation :
Let the original salaries of Ravi and Sumit be Rs. 2x and Rs. 3x respectively.
Then,
(2x + 4000) / (3x + 4000) = 40 / 57
57 * (2x + 4000) = 40 * (3x + 4000)
6x = 68,000
3x = 34,000
Sumit's present salary = (3x + 4000) = Rs.(34000 + 4000) = Rs. 38,000

15. In a zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If heads are counted, there are 340 heads and if legs are
counted there are 1060 legs.How many pigeons are there?
Answer : 150
Explanation :
Suppose there are all the pigeons then total no of heads are 340 and total no of legs are 680.
Now, since 380 (1060 - 680) legs are extra, it means there will be 190 (380/2) rabbits.As we know
a rabbit has two extra legs than that of a pigeon.
therefore number of rabbits =190
and number of pigeons = 340- 190 = 150

16. If 0.75: x :: 5:8, then x is equal to:

Answer : 1.20
Explanation :
(x * 5) = (0.75 *8)
X = 6/5
= 1.20

17. The salaries of A, B, and C are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3. The salary of B and C together is Rs.
6000. By what percent is the salary of C more than that of A?
Answer : 200%
Explanation :
Let the salaries of A, B, C be x, 2x and 3x respectively.
Then, 2x + 3x = 6000
=> x = 1200.
A's salary = Rs. 1200, B's salary = Rs. 2400, and Cs salary Rs. 3600.
Excess of C's salary over A's = [ (2400 /1200) * 100] = 200%.

18. 20 litres of a mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 3:1. How much milk must be added
to this mixture to have a mixture containing milk and water in the ratio 4 :1 ?
Answer : 5 litres
Explanation :
Quantity of milk in the given mixture = 20 * 3 /4 = 15 lts
Quantity of water in this mixture = 20 - 15 = 5 lts
Let x litres of milk be added to given mixture to have the requisite ratio of milk and water Then
15 + x =20

7
therefore x = 5
therefore Milk to be added = 5 litres

19. Alloy A contains 40% gold and 60% silver. Alloy B contains 35% gold and 40% silver and
25% copper. Alloys A and B are mixed in the ratio of 1:4 .What is the ratio of gold and silver in
the newly formed alloy is?
Answer : 36% : 44%
Explanation :
Assume the weight of alloy a is 100 kg
therefore the weight of alloy B is 400kg
Gold silver copper
A 40kg 60kg 0kg
B 140kg 160kg 100kg
total 180kg 220kg 100kg
therefore Ratio of gold and silver in new alloy = 180/500: 200/500
= 36% : 44%

20. Pencils, Pens and Exercise books in a shop are in the ratio of 10: 2 : 3. If there are 120 pencils,
the number of exercise books in the shop is:
Answer : 36
Explanation :
Let Pencils = 10x,
Pens = 2x &
Exercise books = 3x.
Now, 10x = 120 hence x = 12.
Number of exercise books = 3x = 36.

21. There is certain numbers of toys in the box. They are divided into such a way that the person
who gets 1/4 of the whole gets thrice of what the others get on an average. Find the number of
people amongst whom the toys are distributed?
Answer : 10
Explanation :
If the person who gets 1/4 of the whole gets thrice of what the others get on an average, each one
will get =1/3 * 1/4 = 112 of the whole.
Therefore, if there are k persons other than the person who gets one-fourth, then
1/4 + k/12 = 1
k=9
Hence, total number of people = 10.

22. In Maa Yatri Temple every devotee offers fruits to the orphans. Thus every orphan receives
bananas, oranges and grapes in the ratio of 3:2:7 in terms of dozens. But the weight of a grape is
24 gm and weight of a banana and an orange are in the ratio of 4:5, while the weight of an
orangeis 150gm. Find the ratio of all the three fruits in terms of weight, that an orphan gets
Answer :
Explanation :
Ratio of fruits (by dozen) = 3:2:7
Ratio of fruits (by weight) = 120 :150: 24
therefore Ratio of fruits (combined) by weight = 3 * 120 : 2 * 150 : 7 * 24 = 30 : 25 : 14

8
23. The incomes of two persons A and B are in the ratio 3 : 4. If each saves Rs.100 per month, the
ratio of their expenditures is Rs. 1 : 2. Find their incomes.
Answer : Rs.150 and Rs.200
Explanation :
Let the incomes of A and B be 3P and 4P.
If each saves Rs. 100 per month, then their expenditures = Income - savings = (3P - 100) and (4P -
100).
The ratio of their expenditures is given as 1 : 2.
Therefor, (3P - 100) : (4P - 100) = 1 : 2
Solving, We get P = 50. Substitute this value of P in 3P and 4P.
Thus, their incomes are : Rs.150 and Rs.200

24. At a casino in mumbai, there are three tables A, B and C. The payoffs at A is 10:1, at B is 20:1
and at C is 30:1. If a man bets Rs 200 at each table and win at two of the tables, what is the
maximum and minimum difference between his earnings can be?
Answer : 4000
Explanation :
Maximum earning will be only when he will won on the maximum yielding table.
A = 10:1
B = 20:1
C = 30:1
i.e, he won on B and C but lost on A
20 * 200 + 30 * 200 - 1 * 200 = 9800
minimum earning will be when he won on table A and B and lose on that table 3.
therefore 10 * 200 + 20 * 200 - 1 * 200
6000 - 200 = 5800
therefore Difference = 9800 - 5800 = 4000

25. At a game of billiards, A can give B 20 points in 60 and A can give C 15 points in 60. How
many points can C give B in a game of 90 ?
Answer : 10 points
Explanation :
a:b = 60:40
a:c = 60:45
c/a * a/b = 45/60 * 60/40 = 45/40 = 90/80
So C gives B => 10 points.

26. If X:Y:Z = 5:6:7 then (X/Y):(Y/Z):(Z/X) is equal to:

Answer : 175 : 180 : 294
Explanation :
Given that, X:Y:Z = 5:6:7
Let X = 5a, Y = 6a and Z = 7a.
X/Y = 5a/6a = 5/6
Y/Z = 6a/7a = 6/7
Z/X = 7a/5a = 7/5
(X/Y):(Y/Z):(Z/X) = (5/6):(6/7):(7/5)
= (5 * 7 * 5 / 6 * 7 * 5) : (6 * 5 * 6 / 7 * 5 * 6) : (7 * 6 * 7 / 5 * 6 * 7)
= (5 * 7 * 5) : (6 * 6 * 5) : (7 * 6 * 7)
= 175 : 180 : 294
Hence, the required answer is 175 : 180 : 294.

9
27. If a + b + c + d = 1300 and a/b = b/c = c/d = 2/3 then a = ?
Answer : 160
Explanation :
Given that, a/b = b/c = c/d = 2/3
Let a/b = 2/3
then a = 2X, b = 3X.
b/c = 2/3 = c = 3/2 * b = 3/2 * 3X = 9X/2
Also, c/d = 2/3 = d = 3/2 * c = (3/2 * 9X/2) = 27X/4.
Thus, a = 2X, b = 3X, c = 9X/2 and d = 27X/4
a + b + c + d = 1300
2X + 3X + 9X / 2 + 27X / 4 = 1300
65X = 1300 x 4 = 5200
X = 80.
Therefore, a = 2X = 2(80) = 160.

28. Let a, b and c be three numbers such that b is 505 more than c and a is 20% more than c then
a:b is
Answer : 4:5
Explanation :
Given that,
a is 20% more than c
then a = 120% of c = 120c/100 = 6c/5
And b is 50% more than c then b = 150% of c = 150c/100 = 3c/2
Required ratio = a : b = 6c/5 : 3c/2 = 6/5 : 3/2 = 4:5

29. If A and B are connected by the relation 5A2 + 6B2 - 13AB = 0 then A:B is
Answer : 2:1 or 3:5
Explanation :
Given that the relation of A and B is 5A2 + 6B2 - 13AB = 0
5A2 -3AB -10AB + 6B2 = 0
A(5A - 3B) - 2B(5A - 3B) = 0
(5A - 3B)(A - 2B) = 0
either (5A - 3B) = 0 or (A - 2B) = 0
If (A - 2B) = 0 then A = 2B
Therefore A/B = 2/1
A:B = 2:1
And if (5A - 3B) = 0 then 5A = 3B
A/B = A : B = 3/5 = 3 : 5
Now we have A : B = 2:1 or 3:5

30. Find the compounded ratio of ( 2 : 3 ), ( 6 : 11 ) and ( 11 : 2 ) ?

Answer : 2 : 1
Explanation :
Required ratio = [ ( 2 / 3 ) * ( 6 / 11 ) * ( 11 / 2 ) ]
=2:1

31. Ten women can do a work in six days. Six men can complete the same work in five days. What
is the ratio between the capacity of a man and a woman?
Answer : 2 : 1
Explanation :

10
( 10 * 6 ) women can complete the work in 1 day.
1 womans 1 days work = 1 / 60
( 6 * 5 ) men can complete the work in 1 day
1 mans 1 days work = 1 / 30
Required ratio = ( 1 / 30 ) : ( 1 / 60 )
=2:1

32. Divide Rs. 672 in the ratio 5 : 3. Find the first and second part Rs.?
Answer : Rs. 252
Explanation :
Sum of ratio terms = 5 + 3
=8
First part = Rs. [ 672 * ( 5 / 8 ) ]
= Rs. ( 84 * 5 )
= Rs. 420
Second part = Rs. [ 672 * ( 3 / 8 ) ]
= Rs. ( 84 * 3 )
= Rs. 252

33. Divide Rs. 1162 among A, B, C in the ratio 35 : 28 : 20.

Answer : Rs. 490; Rs. 392; Rs. 280
Explanation :
Sum of ratio terms = (35 + 28 + 20) = 83.
As share = Rs. (1162 x (35/83))= Rs. 490;
Bs share = Rs. (1162 x(28/83))= Rs. 392;
Cs share = Rs. (1162 x (20/83))= Rs. 280.

34. A, B and C enter into a partnership. A initially invests Rs. 25 lakhs and adds another Rs. 10
lakhs after one year. B initially invests Rs. 35 lakhs and withdraws Rs. 10 lakhs after 2 years and C
invests Rs. 30 lakhs. In what ratio should the profits be divided at the end of 3 years ?
Answer : 19 : 19 : 18
Explanation :
Ratio of their shares = [ ( 25 lakhs * 1 ) + ( 35 lakhs * 2 ) ] : [ ( 35 lakhs * 2 ) + ( 25 lakhs * 1) ] :
( 30 lakhs * 3 )
= [ ( 25 lakhs + 70 lakhs ) : [ ( 70 lakhs + 25 lakhs ) ] : 90 lakhs
= 95 lakhs : 95 lakhs : 90lakhs
= 19 : 19 : 18

35. The ratio of the number of milk and water in a tank is 7 : 8. If the percentage increase in the
number of milk and water be 20% and 10% respectively, what will be the new ratio?
Answer : 21 : 22
Explanation :
Let the number of milk and water in the tank be 7x and 8x respectively.
Increased number = ( 120% of 7x ) : ( 110% of 8x )
[ ( 120 / 100 ) * 7x ] : [ ( 110 / 100 ) * 8x ]
[ ( 120 * 7x ) / 100 ] : [ ( 110 * 8x ) / 100 ]
( 42x / 5 ) : ( 44x / 5 )
The required ratio = ( 42x / 5 ) : ( 44x / 5 )
= 21 : 22

11
36. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. Find the ratio of the
two numbers?
Answer : 4 : 5
Explanation :
Let the third number be x.
First number = 120% of x
= 120x / 100
= 6x / 5
Second number = 150% of x
= 150x / 100
= 3x / 2
Ratio of the first two number = ( 6x / 5 ) : ( 3x / 2 )
= 12x : 15x
= 4x : 5x
=4:5

37. A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C, D in the proportion of 5 : 2 : 4 : 3. If C

gets Rs. 1000 more than D, what is B's share?
Answer : Rs. 2000
Explanation :
Let the shares of A, B, C and D be Rs. 5x, Rs. 2x, Rs. 4x and Rs. 3x respectively.
Then, 4x - 3x = 1000
x = 1000.
B's share = Rs. 2x = Rs. (2 x 1000) = Rs. 2000.

38. The ratio of prices of 2 dresses is 10:15.If the price of the first dress is increased by 10% and
that of the second dress by Rs.400 then the ratio of their prices is 4:7.What are the initial prices of
the dresses ?
Answer : 94
Explanation :
Let the initial price of the dress = 10x and 15x
Price of the 1st dress after increment = 10x * (110/100) = 11x
Price of the 2nd dress after increment = 15x + 400
[11x / (15x + 400)] = 4/7
77x = 60x + 1600
17x = 1600
X = 1600/17 = 94.11 = 94

39. A sum of money is to the divided among P, Q and R in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5. If the total share of
P and R together is Rs. 400 more than that of Q, what is Rs share in it ?
Answer : Rs. 500
Explanation :
Let P = 2x
Q = 3x
R = 5x
( P + R ) - Q = 400
[ ( 2x + 5x ) - 3x ] = 400
7x - 3x = 400
4x = 4OO
x = 400 / 4

12
x = 100
R = 5x
= 5 * 100
= Rs. 500

40. The speeds of three cars are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 4, find the ratio between the time taken by
these cars to cover the same distance ?
Answer : 6 : 4 : 3
Explanation :
Ratio of speed of three cars = 2 : 3 : 4
Ratio of time taken by these three cars = ( 1 / 2 ) : ( 1 / 3 ) : ( 1 / 4 )
=6:4:3

41. The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to second is 2 :3 and that of the second
to the third is 5 : 8, then find the second number ?
Answer : 30
Explanation :
Let the three parts be A, B, C.
A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 5 : 8
B:C=[5*(3/5)]:[8*(3/5)]
= 3 : 24 / 5
A : B : C = 2 : 3 : ( 24 / 5 )
= 10 : 15 : 24
B = [ 98 * ( 15 / 49 ) ]
= 2 * 15
= 30

42. Rs. 120 are divided among A, B, C such that As share is Rs. 20 more than Bs and Rs. 20 less
than Cs. What is Bs share ?
Answer : Rs. 20
Explanation :
Let C = x
A = ( x - 20 ) and B = ( x - 40 )
x + x - 20 + x - 40 = 120
3x - 60 = 120
3x = 120 + 60
3x = 180
x = 180 / 3
x = 60
A : B : C = 40 : 20 : 60
=2:1:3
Bs share = Rs. [ 120 * ( 1 / 6 ) ]
= Rs. 20

43. A school has 4 sections of class 12, such that half the number of students of 1st section, 1/3rd
of 2nd section, 1/4th of 3rd section and 1/5th of the 4th section are equal. If total number of
students in class 12 is 420, find the number of students in sections 1st and 2nd.
Answer : 150
Explanation :
Let number of students in 4 sections be A, B, C, D respectively.

13
Then
1/2 of A = 1/3 of b = 1/4 of C = 1/5 of D
So A : B : C : D = 2 : 3 : 4 : 5
[When A/2 = B/3 = C/4, then ratio A: B : C = 2 : 3 : 4]
So students in 1st and 2nd section = [(2 + 3) /(2 + 3 + 4 + 5)] * 420 = 150

44. A, B and C divide Rs 4200 among themselves in the ratio 7 : 8 : 6. If Rs 200 is added to each
of their shares, what is the new ratio in which they will receive the money?
Answer : 1600 : 1800 : 1400
Explanation :
A gets = [7/(7+8+6)] * 4200 = 1400
B gets = [8/(7+8+6)] * 4200 = 1600
C gets = [6/(7+8+6)] * 4200 = 1200
Rs 200 added to each share, so new ratio =
1400 + 200 : 1600 + 200 : 1200 + 200
1600 : 1800 : 1400

45. The ratio of the incomes of A and B last year was 9 : 13. Ratio of their incomes of last year to
this year is 9 : 10 and 13 : 15 respectively. The sum of their present incomes is Rs 50,000. What is
the present income of B?
Answer : Rs. 30,000
Explanation :
Ratio of last year income to this year income of A is 9 : 10. So income of A last year is 9x and this
year is 10x.
Ratio of last year income to this year income of B is 13 : 15. So income of B last year is 13y and
this year is 15y.
So ratio of the incomes of A and B last year was 9x : 13y
Now given that ratio of the incomes of A and B last year was 9 : 13.
So 9x/13y = 9/13
This gives x = y
Total of incomes of A and B this year = 10x + 15y = 10x + 15x = 25 x (because x = y)
So 25x = 50,000
This gives x = 2,000
So present income of B = 15y = 15x = 15 * 2000 = 30,000

46. Rs 650 was divided among 3 children in the ratio 2 : 4 : 7. Had it been divided in the ratio 1/2 :
1/4 : 1/7, who would have gained the most and by how much?
Answer : 264
Explanation :
New ratio = 1/2 : 1/4 : 1/7 = 14 : 7 : 4
So both ratio suggests that C has not gained any money, rather he has lose the money.
For both ratio find the shares of A and B
With ratio 2 : 4 : 7,
A gets = [2/(2 + 4 + 7)] * 650 = 100,
B gets = [4/(2 + 4 + 7)] * 650 = 200
With ratio 14 : 7 : 4, A gets = [14/(14 + 7 + 4)] * 650 = 364,
B gets = [7/(14 + 7 + 4)] * 650 = 182
B has also lose the money, A gain the money and = 364 - 100 = 264

14
47. 180 sweets are divided among friends A, B, C and D in which B and C are brothers also such
that sweets divided between A and B are in the ratio 2 : 3, between B and C in the ratio 2 : 5 and
between C and D in ratio 3 : 4. What is the number of sweets received by the brothers together?
Answer : 84
Explanation :
A/B = N1/D1 B/C = N2/D2 C/D = N3/D3
A : B : C : D = N1 * N2 * N3 : D1 * N2 * N3 : D1 * D2 * N3 : D1 * D2 * D3
A/B = 2/3 B/C = 2/5 C/D = 3/4
A:B:C: D
2*2*3:3*2*3:3*5*3:3*5*4
4 : 6 : 15 : 20
B and C together = [(6 + 15)/(4 + 6 + 15 + 20)] * 180 = 84

48. A bag contains 25p coins, 50p coins and 1 rupee coins whose values are in the ratio of 8:4:2.
The total values of coins are 840. Then find the total number of coins
Answer : 280
Explanation :
Value is given in the ratio 8:4:2.
(8x/0.25) + (4x/0.5) + (2x/1) = 840.
X = 20.
Total amount = 14 * 20 = 280

49. A company reduces his employee in the ratio 14 : 12 and increases their wages in the ratio
16:18, Determine whether the bill of wages increases or not and in what ratio.
Answer : 28:27
Explanation :
Let initial employee be 14a and final employee be 12a similarly initial wage is 16b and final wage
be 18b
Total initial wage = 14a * 16b = 224ab,
total final wage = 12a* 18b = 216ab
So clearly wages decreases and ratio = 224ab: 216ab = 28:27

50. 2. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5. If 9 is subtracted from each, the new numbers are in the
ratio 12 : 23. Find the smaller number?
Answer : 33
Explanation :
Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.
( 3x - 9 ) / ( 5x - 9 ) = ( 12 / 23 )
23 * ( 3x - 9 ) = 12 * ( 5x - 9 )
69x - 207 = 60x - 108
69x - 60x = 207 - 108
9x = 99
x = 11
The smaller number = 3 * 11 = 33

15