Lecture 12

Savings in work done

WORK SAVED BY AIR VESSEL
By using air vessel, work is saved by eliminating the work lost in friction during the

acceleration and deceleration of the fluid.

This (work saved) can be calculated by finding the work done against friction without air

vessel and with air vessel.

The difference of the two gives the saving of work done.

The velocity of flow through the pipes of a single acting reciprocating pump without air

vessels on the pipes is given by,

= sin ( )

= sin ( )

Loss of head due to friction is given by,

= sin ( )

= sin ( )

From the indicator diagram, the work done by pump against friction per stroke is equal to

the area of the indicator diagram due to friction.

Because the variation of hf with is parabolic is nature, therefore, work done by the

pump, (W1) is given by,

W = area of the parabola = base height

 = L r

Here, Ws1= work done by pump during the suction stroke when there is no air vessel.

Or, =

Here, Wd1= work done by pump during the delivery stroke when there is no air vessel.

Work done against friction with air vessels:

Work done by reciprocating pump (with air vessel) is,

( )
+ + + +
2

( ) 2 2
+ + +
2 3 3

Work done by the pump per second with air vessel on both suction and delivery pipe is

+ + +

Here, the velocity of flow through the pipe is uniform except for the lengths l s1 and ld1.

The mean velocity of flow is given by,

( , ) =

( , ) =

Therefore, loss of head due to friction with air vessel is,

( , )
= =
 ( , )
= =

Indicator diagram will be rectangle; hence, work done by the pump per stroke (W 2)

against friction will be equal to area of rectangle, that is,

= =

Here, Ws2= work done by the pump per stroke during suction stroke when there is air
vessel.

Work saved per stroke in a single acting reciprocating pump is,

= =

Here, ls1 is small compared to ls, hence ls2=ls have been considered.

Note: here, ld1 is small compared to ld, hence ld2=ld has been considered.

The percentage of the work saved per stroke is,


= 100

4 2 1
2 3
= 100
2 4
3 2

2 1
3
= 100 = 84.8%
2
3

Or,

4 2 1
2 3
100 = 100
2 4
3 2

2 1
3
= 100 = 84.8%
2
3

Total work saved is given by,

= ( )+( )

Work saved in a double acting reciprocating pump:

Whether, it is single acting reciprocating pump, or double acting reciprocating pump

without air vessel, the work lost in friction per stroke remain same as given in case of

single acting reciprocating pump.

The work lost in friction is given by,

 =

However, the mean velocity of flow for double acting reciprocating pump is given by,

( , ) = =

( , ) =

Loss of head due to friction for double acting pump is,

= =

Or, =

Work saved per stroke is,

2 4 4 2
=
3 2 2

Percentage of the work saved per stroke is,

= 100

2 4 4 2
3
2 2
= 100
2 4
3 2
 2 4
3
= 100 = 39.2%
2
3

Or

= 100

2 4 4 2
3 2
2

= 100 = 39.2%
2 4
3
2