Quantum Mechanics - Formulat Sheet - May 3, 2016

Integrals
Z Z
(2n)!  a 2n+1
Z
2
/a2 2 2 n!
xn ex/a dx = n!an+1 , x2n ex ,
dx = x2n+1 ex /a dx = a2n+2
0 0 n! 2 0 2
Z Z
1 x 1 x
x sin(ax)dx = 2 sin(ax) cos(ax), x cos(ax)dx = 2 cos(ax) + sin(ax)
a a a a

Linear algebra

ei = cos + i sin , h|i = a1 b1 + a2 b2 + ... + an bn = a b, det|T I| = 0, Ta = a

h2 2 (x, t)
Z
2 h h
+ V (x, t), x2 = x2 hxi , p = Qdx, x p


ih (x, t) = 2
, hQi =
t 2m x i x 2

h ih h2 d2 (x) p2
p= , J(x, t) = ( ), 2
+ V (x) = E(x), H = + V (x)
2m x x 2m dx 2m

X Z
X
iEt/h
(x, t) = (x)e , (x, t) = cn n (x, t), cn = n (x) (x, 0)dx, hHi = |cn |2 En
n=1 n=1

Infinity square well r

n2 2 h2 2  nx 
En = , n (x) = sin , n = 1, 2, 3, ...
2ma2 a a

Quantum harmonic oscillator

 mw  14 2 1

1

mw
2h x n
0 (x) = e , n (x) = (a+ ) 0 , En = n + hw
h n! 2
 12 1

 
h hmw 2
x= (a+ + a ), p = i (a+ a ), a+ n = n + 1n+1 , a n = nn1
2mw 2

Free particle
Z + Z +
1 2
i(kx hk 1 dw w
(x, t) = (k)e 2m t) dk, (k) = (x, 0)eikx dx, vgroup = , vphase =
2 2 dk k

|B|2 |F |2

1 D E2
2 2
R= , T = , [x, p] = ih, A B [A, B] , (r, , ) = R(r)Y (, )
|A|2 |A|2 2i

13.6 eV E1 1
En = = 2 , a = 0.529 1010 m, 100 (r, , ) = er/a
n2 n a3
     
h 0 1 h 0 i h 1 0
Sx = , Sy = , Sz =
2 1 0 2 i 0 2 0 1
L2 |lmi = h2 l(l + 1) |lmi , Lz |lmi = hm |lmi , [Lx , Ly ] = ihLz
p
L = Lx iLy , L |lmi = h l(l + 1) m(m 1) |l (m 1)i