Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-3

Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-3
1850 TSS-3 | R1.1

1850 TSS-3
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK
ALCATELLUCENT PROPRIETARY
8DG23805AAAATQZZA
This document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent
and COMCODE is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable NOV 2007 agreements. ISSUE 1.0
Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners.
The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.
Copyright 2007 Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
Part I: Introduction
1 Overview of System Features and Functionality 2
Mechanical Chassis Overview.........................................................................................2
Installation Kits 5 Mounting Brackets 7 Thermal Management 10 Faceplate Overview 10

2 Network Element Management Strategy 14
Management Interfaces..................................................................................................14
Local Craft Management 14 Ethernet Out of Band Management Channel 14 In band

Management Channel 15
In-band Management ..................................................................................................... 15
Management Applications ............................................................................................. 16
SNMP 17 System Access Via SNMP 19

CLI 20 System Access Via CLI 20
HTTP 20 System Access Via HTTP 21
3 Network Management Integration 22
4 Overview of High Level Software Architecture 24
Structural View .............................................................................................................. 24
MontaVista Linux Operating System 25 Linux Device Drivers/Boot Support Package 25

Infrastructure Library Component 26 Signaling Plane Component 27 System Software
Component 28
Management Plane Interface Components .................................................................... 30
Hardware Abstraction Layer 31

Component Manager...................................................................................................... 32
Configuration Management ........................................................................................... 33

Software Download/Upgrade......................................................................................... 33
Software Image Identifier 34
Contents of a Software Image........................................................................................ 34

Software download ........................................................................................................ 34
Hitless Software Upgrade .............................................................................................. 35
NTP time synchronization ............................................................................................. 35
Alarm Management ....................................................................................................... 35
Alarm Object Dependencies .......................................................................................... 36
Performance Monitoring................................................. Erro! Indicador no definido.
5 Performance Management 46
Performance Monitoring Overview ............................................................................... 46
Alcatel-Lucent Ethernet Aggregation Counters 47 Parameters 47
Performance Manager Object Dependencies.................................................................48

Loopback Functionality ................................................................................................. 48
6 Network Deployment Models 50 7 Network Applications 51

Ethernet Demarcation .................................................................................................... 51
Ethernet Extension & Media Conversion ...................................................................... 51
Ethernet Over PDH........................................................................................................52
Ethernet Service Aggregation........................................................................................52
8 Interoperability 54 9 External interfaces specification 56 10 Signal Interfaces 57

Signal optical interfaces.................................................................................................57
Signal electrical interfaces ............................................................................................. 57
Ethernet interfaces 57 PDH interfaces 58

10M Electrical Ethernet Interface..................................................................................60
100M Electrical Ethernet Interface................................................................................60

1000M Electrical Ethernet Interface..............................................................................61
100BaseFX Optical Ethernet Interface .......................................................................... 62
1000M Optical Ethernet Interfaces................................................................................63
1000BaseSX Optical Ethernet Interface 64 1000BaseLX Optical Ethernet Interface 66

1000BaseZX Optical Ethernet Interface 68
PDH Interfaces...............................................................................................................70
DS1 Interfaces 70 E1 Interfaces 72 DS3 Interfaces 75 E3 Interfaces 77
Power interfaces.............................................................................................................78
Operational interfaces .................................................................................................... 78
Visual indications LEDs ............................................................................................. 78
11 Ethernet Over PDH Mapping 82

Ethernet over GFP.......................................................................................................... 83
GFP Sink Process 88
GFP over PDH ............................................................................................................... 89
Aggregation of PDH Channels Via Virtual Concatenation 90 Ethernet over NxDS3 92

12 Network Interface Protection 93
PDH Interface Protection...............................................................................................94
E1/DS1 Copper Path Protection 96

Ethernet Optical Line Protection ................................................................................... 98
13 Packet Latency and Throughput Calculations 99 Packet

Latency...............................................................................................................99 Packet
Throughput.......................................................................................................101 Ethernet Services
......................................................................................................... 102 802.1B Transparent
Bridging....................................................................................... 103 802.1Q VLAN Bridging
.............................................................................................. 103 CIF Configuration 104
Ingress VLAN Filtering 104 User to User Port Forwarding 104 NIF Configuration 104
802.1ad Provider Bridging........................................................................................... 105
Mac Learning...............................................................................................................106
Controlled CPU Address Learning 106 Address Ageing 107 Address Transplantation 108
14 Port Segregation 108
15 RSTP 109
Provisioning ................................................................................................................. 113
Data plane configuration.............................................................................................. 114
16 802.1x Port based Network Authentication 115

Upstream EAPOL packet flow .................................................................................... 116
Downstream EAPOL packet flow ............................................................................... 116
Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange........................................................ 116
Data-plane Configuration............................................................................................. 117
Pause Frame Flow Control........................................................................................... 117
802.3ah OAM .............................................................................................................. 118
EOAM Architecture.....................................................................................................120
Packet Transmission module 121 Packet Reception module 122 EOAM Control module
122 EOAM Client module 122 Link Monitoring Module 122 Fault Management 122 Data-
Plane Configuration 123
17 Ethernet Quality of Service 124
Ingress Priority Classification...................................................................................... 124
Ingress Port Priority 125 802.1p CoS values 125 Proposal for default CoS Queue
Assignment: 125 IP-TOS/DSCP values 126
Ingress Rate Limiting................................................................................................... 126
Congestion Control ...................................................................................................... 126
Scheduling.................................................................................................................... 127
Provisioning ................................................................................................................. 127
Global 128 QoS Profile per Service Flow 128
18 System Powering Strategy 129 Powering Architecture Assumptions

........................................................................... 129 AC Bulk Powering Overview
...................................................................................... 131 Initial Power Budget
.................................................................................................... 132 Powering Architecture
Description.............................................................................. 133 Bulk Powering 133 Card level
powering 135 Intermediate Bus 136 Point-of-Load Converters 137 Power Hardware Diagnostics
138
Bulk power supplies units............................................................................................139
AC/DC PSU and AC Entry Filter Module 139

Earthing and Bonding .................................................................................................. 142
Overview 142 Protective Earthing 143 Functional Earthing 144
Power estimation.......................................................................................................... 145

RS 232 External UPS Alarm port Interface Definition ............................................... 147
19 Reset strategy 150 20 Control Interface Specifications 151

System Clock Strategy 152
21 UDS100 1850 TSS3 Unit Data Sheet Cross Reference 155

UDS-101 Common PCB............................................................................................. 155
UDS-102 1FX4FE variant ........................................................................................... 157
UDS-102 2GX4FE variant........................................................................................... 162
UDS-103 1GX4FE1O variant..................................................................................... 166
UDS-104 2PDH-3 variant............................................................................................ 170
UDS-105 16PDH-1 variant.......................................................................................... 174
UDS-106 2GX4FE1O variant...................................................................................... 180
UDS-107 E1 75 ohm I/O Panel ................................................................................... 184
RJ-45 Connectors 186

SFP Connector Cages 186
Craft Port D type Connector 187
UPS Alarm Monitoring Port Connector 190
Power Connector 192
16xE1/DS1 Connector 193
E1 75 ohm External Balun Connector 194
E3/DS3 BNC Connector 195
UDS-108 Face Plate Visual Indicators ........................................................................ 196

About this document
Purpose
This product information manual applies to the 1850 TSS-3 at this release of hardware and
software platform and any maintenance release to the software platform that doesnt
involve feature changes.
This document provides a technical overview of the 1850 TSS-3 NE. This document is
one in a series of user handbooks but does not include any of the detailed procedures
involved in installation, operation, commissioning, provisioning and general
administration of the NE.
How to comment
To comment on this document, go to the Online Comment Form
(http://www.lucentinfo.com/comments/) or e-mail your comments to the Comments
Hotline (comments@alcatel-lucent.com).
Part I: Introduction
This product information manual applies to the 1850 TSS-3 at this release of hardware and software
platform and any maintenance release to the software platform that doesnt involve feature changes.
Overview of System Features
and Functionality
The 1850 TSS-3 is a fixed pizza pack NE targeted mainly for deployment in customer
premises locations. The NE offers a range of Ethernet layer 1 and layer 2 features in
addition to Ethernet over PDH mapping functions. Different feature sets are delivered via
different configurations whereby some of the configurations support only Ethernet
interfaces whilst some support a range of Ethernet and E1/DS1 or Ethernet and E3/DS3
interfaces. Hereafter in the document the customer facing interfaces are referred to as CIF
interfaces whilst the network facing interfaces are referred to as NIF interfaces. At this
release of the product the CIF and NIF interfaces assume the role UNI ( user network
interface) and NNI ( network ( or carrier) network interface) respectively as defined by
MEF 9. Thus the solution acts as a demarcation point between the customer and the
carrier network. The solution is capable of performance and alarm management at the CIF
and NIF interfaces and thus provides a mechanism ensure adherence to service level
agreements
All supported configurations of the system which are defined in Table 1 offer Ethernet
aggregation and traffic management and Ethernet QOS functions. More detail on the
functionality of the system will be given throughout this document.
Mechanical Chassis Overview
The 1850 TSS -3 utilises a 1U metal enclosure chassis. The dimensions of the chassis
are ((L) x (B)x (D) . A 3D drawing of the chassis design is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. 3 Dimensional Image of the 1850 TSS-3 chassis
The chassis is mountable in the configurations listed below
ETSI 600mm Rack Mountable

ANSI 19 Rack Mountable
Wall Mountable
Desktop Mountable
The chassis will delivered as 6 separate configurations. Each configuration shall be

identified via the device part number which will written to the system inventory at the
manufacture stage. Each configuration should therefore be ordered via a separate part
number order code. The six supported configurations are summarized in Table 1 below.
AlcatelLucent Part Mnemonic/Short Traffic (Customer Side Traffic (NIF Network

Description Interface) Side Interface)
Number
8DG 23410AAAA 1FX4FE VARIANT 4x10/100 Base-T 1x100 Base-FX

8DG 23420AAAA 2GX4FE VARIANT 4x10/100 Base-T
2x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX
8DG 23430AAAA 1GX4FE1O 1x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX

4x10/100 Base-T and
VARIANT
1xGE (Optical or
Electrical) or 100FX
8DG 23440AAAA 2PDH-3 VARIANT 2xE3/DS3
4x10/100 Base-T and
2xGE (Optical)
8DG 23450AAAA 16PDH-1 VARIANT 4x10/100 Base-T and 16xE1/DS1s1
2xGE (Optical)
8DG 23460AAAA 2GX4FE1O 2x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX
4x10/100 Base-T and
VARIANT
1xGE (Optical or
Electrical)
Table 1 1850 TSS Supported Configurations
The optical and electrical 1000M Ethernet and 100M optical interfaces are supported
via small form factor pluggable optics modules. The rate and the reach achieved will be
dependent on the SFP plugged.
A number SFPs have been approved by ALU for use with the NE. The list of
approved NEs is given in Table 2. The NE optionally supports the ability to retrieve
digital diagnostics monitoring information from each of the approved SFPs. The
information available via digital diagnostic monitoring is given in Table 3. The NE
also permits support of non Alcatel-Lucent approved SFPs. Where non Alcatel-Lucent
approved SFPs support digital diagnostics this information will be available for the
user to view on request.
1
The Nx E1 solution will support 120ohm terminations in skin and 75 ohm terminations via use of an external balun
1AB187280033 OPTO TRX SFP 1.25GBE SX DDM
1AB187280031 OPTO TRX SFP 1.25GBE LX DDM

1AB187280042 OPTO TRX 1.25GBE SFP-ZX DDM
1AB357990001 OE-TRX SFP 100B FX DET
1AB218020001 EL TRX SFP ETH MULTIRATE RJ45
Table 2 1850 TSS-3 Approved Small Form Factor Pluggable Optics Modules
Feature Unit Measure
Temperature 1/256 oC units ( range -128, 128)
Power Supply Voltage 100V units ( range 0,6.5V)
Transmitter Laser bias current A
Transmitter Output Power mW
Receiver Output Power mW
Table 3 SFP Supported Digital Diagnostics
Installation Kits
The regional specific installation kits defined in Table 4 below can be supplied for use
with the 1850 TSS-3. The contents of each of the kits is also shown
Installation Kit Part Code
KIT1850 TSS3 INSTALLATION

KIT_China/Australia
ALCDG23511AAAA
KIT-INSTALLATION 19" (1U) ALC-8DG23510AAAA
KIT-INSTALLATION ETSI (1U) ALC-8DG23510ABAA
KIT-INSTALLATION Wallmounting (1U) ALC-8DG23510ACAA
CA-AC Power Supply_China/Australia ALC8DG23540AAAA
CA-Console cable(Craft terminal,DB9) ALC-8DG23541AAAA
CA-Management cable (RJ45) ALC-8DG23542AAAA

ALC8DG23511ABAA
KIT_Continental Europe
CA-AC Power Supply_Continental Europe ALC-8DG23540ABAA
KIT1850 TSS3 INSTALLATION KIT_North

America
ALC8DG23511ACAA
CA-AC Power Supply_North America ALC-8DG23540ACAA

KIT_UK/Ireland
ALC8DG23511ADAA
CA-AC Power Supply_UK/Ireland ALC-8DG23540ADAA
Table 4 TSS-3 Regional Specific Installation Kits
Mounting Brackets
For the mounting configurations given below mounting brackets are required to secure the
1850 TSS-3
ETSI 600mm Rack Mountable
ANSI 19 Rack Mountable
Wall Mountable
The mounting brackets are supplied within mounting bracket installation kits. The
mounting brackets are supplied within the regional specific installation kits given
above. The contents of the mounting bracket installation kits and the associated
product codes for each of the component items are given in Table 5.
WALL_MOUNTING-BRACKET-L 1
CSK FLATHEAD SCREW M4X8 GB819.1-2000 6
EXPANDER BOLTS,BASE FRAME 4
ALCATEL TSS3 150X310MM Zip lock bag 1

Table 5 1850-TSS 3 Mounting brackets
The customer will be required to separately order the mounting brackets dependent on the
deployment model.
For wall mounting deployments separate right side and left side brackets will be
required. The wall mounting brackets are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 1850 TSS-3 Wall Mounting Brackets
For ETSI 600mm rack deployments the same bracket can be used at both the right and left
hand sides of the rack. Two brackets a required to rack mount. The ETSI 600mm rack
mount brackets are shown in Figure 3
Figure 3 1850 TSS-3 ETSI 600mm Rack Mounting Brackets
For 19 rack deployments for both ANSI and universal rack deployments the same
bracket can be used at both the right and left hand sides of the rack. Two brackets a
required to rack mount. The ETSI 600mm rack mount brackets are shown in Figure 3
Figure 4 1850 TSS-3 1850 TSS-3 19 Rack Mounting Brackets
Thermal Management
The TSS 1850 does not require cooling fans as the thermal management of the
electronics is based on conduction, natural convection and radiation heat transfer.
Conduction cooling is achieved by heat transfer from the components
to the local heat sinks which are cooled by convection and radiation heat transfer from the
fins. The natural convection cooling is provided by the air that enters through ventilation
holes on the sides and back and leaves from the top of the unit via ventilation holes.
The thermal architecture ensures that components do not exceed maximum
recommended operating temperatures during operation within the supported
temperature range:
The supported operating temperature range complies with EN 300019 class 3.2
partially temperature controlled environments i.e.
o o
-5 to 45 C long term and GR-63 core table 4.4 -5 to 40 C long term and GR-63 core
o
table 4.4 -5 to 50 C short term (where short term is 96 hours and not more than a total
of
15 days in one year)
Faceplate Overview
Each of the supported configurations given in Table 1 require a separate associated
face plate to deliver the interface functionality required for that build configuration.
For all supported configurations face plate access is available for power and
management interfaces. This includes
Universal AC power feed connector

UPS backup alarm monitoring interface ( RS232)
Local Craft Access via RS232 interface
Dedicated Ethernet Management Port ( RJ-45)
It should also be noted that a single SFP interface on the face plate may support multiple
rate/media options. This is achieved by using multi-rate/media PHY designs within the
solution to connect to the switch device. The interface functionality of the device will be
determined via the 1850 TSS-3 configuration part number stored within the device
inventory. Face plate illustrations for the supported 1850 TSS-3 configurations are
shown below. The purpose of each of the supported interfaces for a particular
configuration is indicated on the illustrations.
Figure 5 shows a face plate illustration for 1FX4FE (8DG 23410AAAA). 1FX4FE (8DG
23410AAAA) supports 4x10/100 BaseT RJ45 client interfaces ( CIFs) and 1x100 BaseFX
SFP network interfaces ( NIFs).
are
Figure 5 1FX4FE VARIANT (8DG 23410AAAA) Face Plate Illustration
Figure 6 shows a face plate illustration for 2GX4FE (8DG 23420AAAA). 2GX4FE (8DG
23420AAAA) supports 4x10/100 BaseT RJ45 client interfaces ( CIFs) and
2x1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP network interfaces ( NIFs).
Figure 6 2GX4FE (8DG 23420AAAA) Face Plate Illustration
Figure 7 shows a face plate illustration for 1GX4FE1O (8DG 23430AAAA). 1GX4FE1O
(8DG 23430AAAA) supports 4x10/100 BaseT RJ45 + 1x 1000BaseT/X or 100FX SFP
interface client interfaces ( CIFs) and 1x1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP network interfaces (
NIFs).
11
Figure 7 1GX4FE1O (8DG 23430AAAA) Face Plate Illustration
Figure 8 shows a face plate illustration for 2PDH-3 (8DG 23440AAAA). 2PDH-3 (8DG
23440AAAA) supports 4x10/100 BaseT RJ45 + 2x 1000BaseX SFP interface client
interfaces ( CIFs) and 2xDS3/E3 network interfaces ( NIFs). The PDH rate E3 or DS3 is
selected via user configuration from a management interface. The DS3/E3 Rx/Tx signals
are presented via standard BNC connectors.
Figure 8 2PDH-3 (8DG 23440AAAA) Face Plate Illustration
Figure 9 shows a face plate illustration for 16PDH-1 (8DG 23450AAAA). 16PDH-1
(8DG 23450AAAA) supports 4x10/100 BaseT RJ45 + 2x 1000BaseX SFP interface client
interfaces ( CIFs) and 16xDS1/E1 network interfaces ( NIFs). The PDH rate E1 or DS1
is selected via user configuration from a management interface. The DS1/E1 Rx/Tx
signals are presented via a specifically designed connector.
Figure 9 16PDH-1 (8DG 23450AAAA) Face Plate Illustration
Figure 10 2GX4FE1O (8DG 23460AAAA) Face Plate Illustration

13
Network Element Management

Strategy
Management Interfaces
The 1850 TSS-3 supports the following management interfaces
Local craft terminal

Out of band management interface
Dedicated in band management VLAN interface
Local Craft Management

The Local craft interface is accessible via a 9 way D type connector on the front panel of
all supported configurations of network element. The interface physical layer is serial
RS232.
Ethernet Out of Band Management Channel

The out of band management interface is accessible via a dedicated management RJ-45
connector operating at 10BaseT Ethernet on the front panel of all supported configurations
of network element.
In band Management Channel
The in band management channel is accessible via a dedicated service provider VLAN.The
VLAN ID of the management channel is fixed and at this release of the 1850 TSS-3 product
cannot be modified by the user from a user interface. The VLAN which has been selected is
4094.
Inband Management
The in-band management channel is a S-VLAN (4094) service channel reserved for
service provider management of the 1850 TSS-3. The packets arriving on an in-band
service channel are trapped to the on board processor and terminated on the IP interface.
The in-band management channel is only available when the system is operating in the
802.1Q and 802.1ad modes of 1850 TSS-3 operation. It is not available in the 802.1b bridge
mode. An overview of the in band management channel is given in Figure 11 In-band
Management channel.
Management Applications
The 1850 TSS-3 supports the following management applications
Command Line Interface ( CLI)

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) Graphical User
Simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP )
Zero Install Client (ZIC) interface
An overview of the network Element management strategy is given in Figure 12

Management Interface Architecture
CPE Control Plane Software
Note: At this release, the SNMP agent used supports v2 while the architecture is ready for v3 support.
SNMP
The SNMP agent provides non-secure v2c access and secure access through v3
conformance. The SNMP agent shall be deployed for this purpose.
The SNMP agent originates V2c traps to the Trap destinations that have been
configured at NE commissioning.
The SNMP agent shall run as a separate thread in the 1850 TSS-3 application and interface with the
System software, Signaling Software components using synchronous MIB access routines.
The SNMP agent processes the incoming PDU, authenticates it, decrypts it, decodes the var-bind
and uses the information to set or retrieve a value from the subsystems. Once these operations are
complete, the agent forms a response PDU, encrypts it and sends it back to the originating manager.
The SNMP agent uses the MIB access routines to invoke the subsystem APIs for the set, get and
test operations.
SNMP Manager SNMP Agent Subsystem

SNMP PDU
(Set Request)
Authentication, Decryption
Test Message (Params)

System Access Via SNMP
The system can be accessed locally via SNMP using the out of band 10BaseT management
port.
The system can be accessed remotely over an IP network via SNMP user the out of band 10
BaseT management port
The system can be accessed remotely over an IP network via SNMP user the in of band
dedicated VLAN management channel
The CLI Agent provides text-based access to configure the 1850 TSS-3 system. The CLI
has been designed to achieve the same look and feel as exiting Alcatel Lucent products.
The CLI supported secure access via username and password and will lock out
following five incorrect login attempts.
System Access Via CLI

The system can be accessed locally via the CLI from the craft access interface using a
Hyperterminal or Minicom session. Access can be achieved by direction connection of the serial
RS232 to a serial port on a local PC
The system can be accessed locally or remotely via the CLI from the out of band dedicated
Ethernet management interface. Local access is achieved via telnet using direct interconnection of the
RJ-45 Ethernet management port to a NIC card of a local PC. Remote access can be achieved via an
out of band IP network using telnet.
The system can be accessed remotely via the CLI using telnet from the dedicated VLAN in
band management channel.
HTTP
A HTTP Server, which forms a part of the Web based Network Management is integrated
within the 1850 TSS-3 application. It can access the MIB Access Routines, with which it
can get or set MIB Objects.
The web pages, which the user can access, consist of HTML tags with embedded
JavaScript. Java Script is used for validating user input, selecting the right option and for
submitting the form and is executed by the Client Browser.
When the user requests a Webpage the HTTP server sends the Webpage to the
browser. The user can give the necessary input and on submission a POST/GET
request is send to the Server.
The Server will then process the POST/GET request and call the appropriate MIB access
Routine. The response from the MIB routine is processed and sent as HTTP response
webpage to the browser.
The HTTP has been designed to achieve the same look and feel as existing Alcatel Lucent
products.
System Access Via HTTP

The system can be accessed locally via HTTP using the out of band 10BaseT management
port.
The system can be accessed remotely over an IP network via HTTP user the out of band 10
BaseT management port
The system can be accessed remotely over an IP network via HTTP user the in of band
dedicated VLAN management channel
3 Network Management Integration
The HTTP server in the 1850 TSS-3 is an embedded server, which understands the standard
HTTP requests and pushes back standard HTTP responses. The Network Management ( NM)
Integration generally involves making the 1850 TSS-3 understand the management request that
comes in the form of non-standard HTTP POST requests arriving via Alcatels NM ZIC Proxy.
A typical scenario depicting the management of the 1850 TSS-3 using an ALU NM and ZIC
interface is shown below.
The request to the Alcatels ZIC proxy may be in the form of SNMP PDUs or the standard
HTTP requests. The NM ZIC proxy alters the standard HTTP request/SNMP requests to non-
standard Alcatel specific HTTP post messages. A thin URL parser is added into the http server to
understand work along with non-standard HTTP Request Response from the NM ZIC proxy.
NM integration thus provides a seamless and transparent way to manage the 1850 TSS-3
independent of the Network Manager. BM integration will be supported in a subsequent release.
Overview of High Level

Software Architecture
The following section gives a high level overview of the system software.
Structural View
The 1850 TSS-3 software can be divided as the following structural components as
depicted in Figure 16 Structural View of the 1850 TSS 1850 TSS-3 Software is shown
below:
1850 TSS-3 application, a Linux user-plane process, consisting of the following

software components
Signaling plane components
System software plane components
Management plane interface components
Hardware abstraction layer interface
Component Manager
Linux Device drivers and Boot Support Packages
Linux Operating System
Linux Device Drivers
Linux Kernel
Figure 16 Structural View of the 1850 TSS 1850 TSS-3 Software
MontaVista Linux Operating System

The 1850 TSS-3 uses a MontaVista Embedded Linux Operating System Professional
Edition 4.0.1 operating system. The Linux Kernel version used 2.6.10.
Linux Device Drivers/Boot Support Package

The following devices are accessed through a device driver abstraction
Management Ethernet Port
Serial Port
CPLD
Flash Device
Ethernet Switch
FPGA
SFP
Equipment and Interface LED
Equipment Inventory
Temperature Sensors
These provide standard Linux device APIs open, close, read, write and ioctl. The device
API libraries are implemented using these generic Linux device driver APIs.
Infrastructure Library Component
The Infrastructure library component is linked with the 1850 TSS-3 application as shown
in Figure 17 Infrastructure Library Architecture. The component provides the following
services to the 1850 TSS-3 application:
APIs for OS services such as threading, locking and IPC
Event management for intra-process communication
Debug logging capability
The Infrastructure library component shall provide the above services via synchronous
APIs
Signaling Plane Component
(set/get/getfirst/getnext/getbulk/ Events to System Incoming and Outgoing

test) as synchronous invocation S/w components Control Packets to and
from the Management from HAL
Applications
Figure 18 Signaling subsystem
architecture
The signaling plane component consists of the following subsystems:

Provider Bridge Subsystem, which handles Customer/Provider VLAN provisioning
PNAC subsystem, which handles Port based and MAC based Network Authentication
RSTP subsystem, that provides support for Provider spanning trees (Note: Customer
spanning trees are not supported at this Release )
RADIUS client subsystem, which interacts with a RADIUS server in the provider network
for authenticating access at a client side port
Ethernet OAM subsystem, which provides IEEE 802.3ah based OAM services on the NIF
ports.
FDB Management subsystem which implements VLAN aware and un-aware controlled
MAC address learning
QoS Manager which handles the Ethernet flow QoS Provisioning
Common Packet Forwarding subsystem that provides Ethernet interface management and
host packet origination and termination capabilities
The individual subsystems interact with each other through asynchronous message
queuing and synchronous API calls.
The signaling application subsystems shall use the FSAP IPC for inter-process
messaging and shall use the event management service for interfacing with the
subsystems of the system software.
The signaling plane components all invoke the HAL services synchronously.
The Management Interface interacts with it through synchronous MIB Access Routine
interface exposed by the signaling plane component subsystems.
System Software Component

An overview of the system software component is given in Figure 19 System Software
Architecture.
The system software component consists of the following subsystems:
Equipment Manager manages entities of the equipment domain

Interface Manager manages entities of the transmission domain
Alarm/Fault Manager handles the faults various entities and processes them as alarm
conditions or events
Performance Manager collects statistics periodically and presents them as 1hour and 24
hour record bins.
Software Manager maintains software inventory list and provide interface to download a
new version of the software and switch to it reliably
User Security Manager shall handle provisioning for user account maintenance
QoS Manager shall handle provisioning for QoS configuration
The systems software components
Use the event management service for asynchronous communication with other subsystems.
Use the HAL APIs synchronously.
Provide a synchronous interface to the Management interface through the MIB Access
routines.
Events to and from HAL

Application, Signaling
Plane component
Management Plane Interface Components
The Management Plane Interface component consists of the following subsystems:

SNMPv2 agent provides SNMPv2 and v2c agent capabilities, processing SNMP PDUs and
originating traps
CLI agent handles CLI session requests through serial and telnet port interfaces and will
operate with the same look and feel as other Alcatel-Lucent CLI specifications
HTTP agent provides web based provisioning and alarm monitoring services
Configuration Manager provides configuration persistence and restoration
support
The Management Interface interacts with the management plane through synchronous MIB Access
Routine interface exposed by the Signaling plane component subsystems.
Management Interface
C
Hardware Abstraction Layer

An overview of the Hardware Abstraction Layer ( HAL) is shown in Figure 21 HAL
Architecture and Interfaces.
The Hardware abstraction Layer application provides HAL API services to the control
plane application components. The signaling and system software components invoke the
synchronous HAL APIs.
The HAL uses the event management service for asynchronous communication within and across
the applications.
The HAL library handles any incoming packets to the CFA incoming PDU queue. It also handles
messages (such as ATU and VTU table data) from the Switch to the VLAN FDB queue.
Signaling and System

Signaling and System Signaling Components
Device drivers
Component Manager
Component Manager is an independent process, which spawns the 1850 TSS-3
application. The component manager is started by the 1850 TSS-3 Linux startup
sequence.
The component manager monitors the 1850 TSS-3 application by waiting on signals.
The component manager establishes a Sys V IPC channel to transact messages with the
1850 TSS-3 application.
Configuration Management
The 1850 TSS-3 provides a configuration management facility. The Configuration

Manager handles the configuration persistence, restoration and backup operations. It
works as an independent entity in a non-transactional manner.
The Configuration changes done by an NMS or an external OSS are not immediately
persisted in the configuration database. They are persisted either on the request of the
user or periodically at a time interval (which is configurable by the user).
Software Download/Upgrade
The 1850 TSS-3 will be shipped from the Flextronics factory with the latest version of
software loaded. It is however possible for the operator to perform field upgrades to the
system software for feature enhancement/ bug fixes etc
Software Image Identifier

A software image is identified by a build version in the form Software Inventory is
reported by indicating the Release Name and Release number and the software build
number.
Release name: 1850 TSS-3
Release number:V< X.Y.Z >
X. -Major version, such as 1.0
Y is a minor version
Z Z is a maintenance version
Contents of a Software Image

A software image is an archived file containing the following:
1 Tar of Driver Image
2 Tar of FPGA image
3 Tar of CPEIMG (application)
4 Tar of CPMIMG (application)
5 1850TSS3D.dsc (Descriptor File, which will contain the version, size, checksum information
etc)
Two separate directories are used to store an active and standby version of the system
software
Software download
The 1850 TSS-3 downloads the software image from a specified FTP server. The FTP
server IP address is configured at commissioning.
The 1850 TSS-3 verifies if the image to be downloaded is compatible with the
hardware model type before commencing download.
During a software download operation, the software manager, sends a software

download status notification once in every 2 seconds to indicate the progress of
completion.
At the end of a successful download, the software manger send a software download
complete success notification. If the software download process experiences a failure an
failure notification is sent to the user
Hitless Software Upgrade
The 1850 TSS-3 supports hitless software upgrade of the high level application code.
Although the kernel, device drivers, FPGA etc can be field up graded upgrade of these
will not be hitless.
NTP time synchronization

After an 1850 TSS-3 system startup the system software initiates an NTP client to
synchronize the network elements time with that of the service providers. The system
NTP client connects to any NTP server in the server provider or public network either
through the out-band or the in-band management interfaces. The IP address and the port
number of the NTP server are configured at the commissioning stage. An IP address of
0.0.0.0 disables clock synchronization through NTP.
The NTP client shall be stopped and started every time the system time is changed by the
manager.
Alarm Management
Alarm Management is responsible for handling the various faults that arise in the system.
It shall notify the management interfaces when the alarm condition is detected and
cleared. Alarm conditions are put through hierarchical masking. Alarm filters are applied
before they are raised to management interface. Alarms and events are logged.
Alarm Object Dependencies

Figure 23 describes the dependencies of the alarm management on the various other status objects
of the system. When the status of an alarm object is changed, the Alarm Manager is notified. The
Alarm Manager puts these statuses in a hierarchy and notify an alarm for the one that is most
relevant.
A summary of the alarms, supported by the 1850 TSS-3 at this release, interfaces which they are
raised against, raise criteria, clear criteria and mask strategy is given in Table 6
For Ethernet
Electrical
Link Pulses
Interfaces Link
Detected
pulses
not detected
Underlying
Resource
Unavailable
within the
MAU Raise Card
termination Fail Light Will mask
Underlying
block -e.g this RED system PHY &
URU resource
alarm will be level LED interface
available again
raised as a alarms
result of
failure of the
Ethernet
Switch or
PHY
Underlying
Resource
Unavailable
within the Raise Card
GFP mapping Fail Light
Underlying Will mask all
block -e.g this RED system
URU resource GFP related
alarm will be level LED
available again alarms
raised as a
result of
failure of the
FPGA mapper
block
Underlying Raise Card
Resource Underlying Fail Light Will mask
URU Unavailable resource RED system PDH related
within the available again level LED alarms
PDH interface
Will mask:
Insert AIS AIS LOF RDI
PDH interface signal downstream LOM SQM
PDH LOA
detects a loss recovered and RDI
PDH LOS Adaptation
of signal from PDH backwards on
Function (E1)
condition interface failed channel
See Note 2
Will mask:
PDH PDH interface signal downstream LOM SQM
Adaptation detects a loss recovered and RDI LOA
PDH LOS
Function of signal from PDH backwards on
(DS1) condition interface failed channel
See Note 2
Will mask:
PDH PDH interface signal downstream LOM SQM
Adaptation detects a loss recovered and RDI LOA
PDH LOS
Function of signal from PDH backwards on
(DS3) condition interface failed channel
See Note 2
Will mask:
PDH interface signal downstream LOM SQM
PDH LOA
detects a loss recovered and RDI
PDH LOS Adaptation
of signal from PDH backwards on
Function (E3)
condition interface failed channel
See Note 2
In E1, AIS
will mask:
Insert RDI RDI LOM
PDH PDH interface SQM LOA
AIS condition backwards on
PDH AIS Adaptation detects an AIS
disappeared failed channel
Function (E1) condition
See Note 2
PDH interface AIS condition

detects an AIS disappeared.
condition. Please be
Please be noted that the In DS1, AIS
PDH Insert RDI
noted that in clear time will mask:
Adaptation backwards on
PDH AIS DS1, the raise should be LOF RDI
Function failed channel
time should be 9.510.5 after LOM SQM
(DS1) See Note 2
2-3 seconds AIS LOA
after detect disappeared (
AIS ( see see T1.231)
T1.231 )
PDH interface AIS condition
detects an AIS disappeared.
condition. Please be
Please be noted that the
PDH Insert RDI In DS3, AIS
noted that in clear time
Adaptation backwards on will mask:
PDH AIS DS1, the raise should be
Function failed channel RDI LOM
time should be 9.510.5 after
(DS3) See Note 2 SQM LOA
2-3 seconds AIS
after detect disappeared (
AIS ( see see T1.231)
T1.231 )
In E3, AIS
will mask:
Insert RDI RDI LOM
PDH PDH interface SQM LOA
AIS condition backwards on
PDH AIS Adaptation detects an AIS
disappeared failed channel
See Note 2
PDH PDH interface NONE

RDI condition
PDH RDI Adaptation detects an RDI No
disappeared
PDH NONE
PDH interface
Adaptation RDI condition
PDH RDI detects an RDI No
Function disappeared
condition
(DS1)
PDH NONE
PDH interface
Adaptation RDI condition
PDH RDI detects an RDI No
Function disappeared
condition
(DS3)
PDH PDH interface NONE
RDI condition
PDH RDI Adaptation detects an RDI No
disappeared
In E1, LOF
PDH framing will mask: AIS
PDH framing LOM SQM
information Insert RDI
PDH information LOA
LOF ( Loss of cannot be backwards on
Adaptation recoverd from
Frame) recovered failed channel
Function (E1) the received
from the See Note 2
signal
received signal
PDH framing PDH framing
information information
cannot be recoverd from
recovered the received
from the signal. Please
PDH received be noted that Insert RDI In DS1, LOF
LOF ( Loss of Adaptation signal. Please the clear time backwards on will mask:
Frame) Function be noted that should be failed channel LOM SQM
(DS1) in DS1, the 9.510.5 after See Note 2 LOA
raise time LOF
should be 2-3 disappeared (
seconds after see T1.231)
detect LOF (
see T1.231 )
PDH framing PDH framing
information information
cannot be recoverd from
recovered the received
from the signal. Please
PDH received be noted that Insert RDI In DS3, LOF
LOF ( Loss of Adaptation signal. Please the clear time backwards on will mask: AIS
Frame) Function be noted that should be failed channel LOM SQM
(DS3) in DS1, the 9.510.5 after See Note 2 LOA
raise time LOF
should be 2-3 disappeared (
seconds after see T1.231)
detect LOF (
see T1.231 )
In E3, LOF
PDH framing will mask: AIS
PDH framing LOM SQM
information Insert RDI
PDH information LOA
LOF ( Loss of cannot be backwards on
Adaptation recoverd from
Frame) recovered failed channel
Function (E3) the received
from the See Note 2
signal
received signal
This alarm
would be
typically
raised if PDH
Performance
Counts for
errored frames
( e.g. code
violations,
CRC errors )
PDH
DEG ( degrade cross
Adaptation
alarm predefined
Function (E1)
threshold
values. Since
PDH PM's are
not supported
at this release
thus support
for this alarm
has been
deferred to a
future release
This alarm
would be
typically
raised if PDH
Performance
Counts for
errored frames
( e.g. code
violations,
PDH CRC errors )
DEG ( degrade Adaptation cross
alarm Function predefined
(DS1) threshold
values. Since
PDH PM's are
not supported
at this release
thus support
for this alarm
has been
deferred to a
future release
This alarm
would be
typically
raised if PDH
Performance
Counts for
errored frames
( e.g. code
PDH
violations,
DEG ( degrade Adaptation
CRC errors )
alarm Function
cross
(DS3)
predefined
threshold
values. Since
PDH PM's are
not supported
at this release
thus support
for this alarm
has been
deferred to a
future release
This alarm
would be
typically
raised if PDH
Performance
Counts for
errored frames
( e.g. code
violations,
CRC errors )
PDH
DEG ( degrade cross
Adaptation
alarm predefined
Function (E3)
threshold
values. Since
PDH PM's are
not supported
at this release
thus support
for this alarm
has been
deferred to a
future release
If the process In Non-
in OOM state LCAS:
and not Generate SSF
When
PDH recovered in X on VCG. In
multiframe is
Adaptation ms, then the LCAS: If all
LOM recovered, it No
Function LOM will be members have
will exit LOM
(DS1/E1) generated. LOM, it will
state
Refer to G.783 generate SSF
on VCG
If the process In Non-

in OOM state LCAS:
and not Generate SSF
When
PDH recovered in X on VCG. In
multiframe is
Adaptation ms, then the LCAS: If all
LOM recovered, it No
Function LOM will be members have
will exit LOM
(DS3/E3) generated. LOM, it will
state
Refer to G.783 generate SSF
on VCG
Differential
delay exceeds
values given
E1 Diffential
LOA VCAT (64ms) DS1 delay below No No
Adaptation (96ms) E3 values listed
Function (32ms) DS3 for each of the
given payloads
(27ms)
n consecutive In Non-
instances of LCAS:
SQM defect Generate SSF
PDH
detection ( n consecutive on VCG. In
Adaptation
SQM VCAT instances with LCAS: If all No
Function
sequence no SQM members have
(DS1/E1)
mismatch) n = LOM, it will
3 generate SSF
on VCG
n consecutive In Non-
instances of LCAS:
SQM defect Generate SSF
PDH
detection ( n consecutive on VCG. In
Adaptation
SQM VCAT instances with LCAS: If all No
Function
sequence no SQM members have
(DS3/E3)
mismatch) n = LOM, it will
3 generate SSF
on VCG
In Non LCAS In Non LCAS
Mode One Mode All
member of the members of
VCAT group VCAT group
has an active does not have
alarm In active alarm
LCAS Mode In LCAS
SSF No No
All members Mode One
of the VCAT member of the
group have an VCAT group
active alarm does not have
an active
alarm
Table 6 Supported Alarms
Performance Management
Performance Management is responsible for
Collection of Aggregate Current Data Counters
Collection of History Data Counters recorded for every 1 hour and 24 hour periods
Collection of Aggregate Maintenance Data Counters
Performance Monitoring Overview

PM can be enabled per interface. The performance manager polls the system for
various supported performance counters.
The Performance Manager collects statistics only for the interface that are
administratively enabled. Performance Manager Architecture gives an overview of the
performance manager The system is capable of reporting current data counters, 1 hour and
24 hour binned counts for all the performance monitoring points supported. All supported
counter values start from zero. All counters can be manually reset on a request from the
operator and the counters will be automatically reset following a warm or a cold restart of
the system.
Alcatel-Lucent Ethernet Aggregation Counters

The following parameters are maintained as counters as well as 1-hour and 24-hour
bins
Parameters
TRCO (total received correct octet)
TRCF (total received correct Frame)
TTO (total transmitted octets)
TTF (total transmitted Frames)
TDF (total discarded frames)
TRSEF (total received service error frames, including the over-size, down-size, and CRC
error frames)
Performance Manager Object Dependencies
1 hour /24-Hr Bins

Interface Counters
Figure 25 shows the dependencies of the Performance Management with other objects of
the system.
Loopback Functionality
The 1850 TSS-3 is capable of optionally supporting loopbacks on all Ethernet CIF/NIF
interfaces. The option to support a loopback is configured by the operator and this will
normally only be selected during maintenance periods since loopbacks are traffic
affecting. An event will be triggered when the loopback status is changed.
For CIF loopbacks traffic received on an ingress UNI port from a local CE is looped
back to the sending CE.
CIF Loopback
For NIF loopbacks traffic received on an NNI port across from the remote CE is looped back to the
remote CE.
The 1850 TSS-3 additionally supports loopback capability at all PDH interfaces.
49
Network Deployment Models
The 1850 TSS-3 is a member of the Alcatel-Lucent next generation 1850 TSS product portfolio
offering. It is a true global product covering both ETSI and ANSI requirements. Architected as a
future proof carrier class Ethernet access demarcation device, it facilitates new revenue creation
and smoothes legacy network upgrade for Service Providers worldwide.
Access Aggregation Edge/Core Service

Delivery
ATM
Platforms
DSLAM STM/OC
Scalable 3G Core
Residential
Voice SGSN GGSN Service
Circuit & Router Network
Ethernet /TMPLS
Data FTTx DSL Packet High Speed Internet
1850 TSS
N x GE
GE
Transport
IPDSLAM VoD
Video
E3/DS3 IP/MPLS
10GE Video Servers
10GE IPTV
Wireless FE
E1/DS1
2G/3G Mobile,
Ethernet/WDM Nx10G Headend
WiMAX STM/OC/10GE
SONET/SDH
ROADM
FE/GE 1850 TSS PSTN VoIP
1850 TSS
Softswitch
Business
Voice GatewayE1/DS1
Metro Transport Core Transport

Network Applications
1850 TSS-3 is purposely build to satisfy the Ethernet customer premise equipment
(CPE) network applications.
Ethernet Demarcation
Serving as an intelligent Ethernet access demarcation device, 1850 TSS-3 can be placed
at the boundary of customer LAN and Service Provider WAN. 1850 TSS-3 offers service
fault diagnostic and monitoring, Ethernet rate limiting, VLAN stacking (Q-in-Q), and
service redundancy capabilities in one compact configuration, which enables Service
Providers to provide cost effective carrier class Ethernet services.
Ethernet Extension & Media Conversion
With its flexible system architecture, 1850 TSS-3 can easily convert from electrical to optical
Ethernet mediums for long distance transmission. Coupling with the Ethernet
OAM capabilities, 1850 TSS-3 effectively extends the service provider Ethernet domain to the
very edge of its network.
Demarcation
Wireless Metro Ethernet

Access Network
Equipment E/FE 1850 TSS3 GE/FEo with EFM OAM
Service Provider Equipment (Ethernet or MSPP

Customer
or CWDM based)
Equipment FEo/GE 1850 TSS3 GE with EFM OAM
Ethernet Over PDH
1850 TSS-3 has built in Ethernet over PDH (EoPDH) technology which can help Service Provider
to utilize its legacy network resource to meet the ever-increasing data service bandwidth
requirements from end users. Ethernet packets are mapped to PDH line(s) through standard
compliant VCAT/GFP mapping mechanism. Coupling with its 1+1 PDH side network protection,
1850 TSS-3 offers a true carrier class Ethernet edge device fitting nicely in the Service Providers
established PDH/SDH network.
Wireless Access Equipment E/FE/GE
1850 TSS3 Ethernet over E3/DS3 Legacy PDH/SDH Network

TSS3 (SP CPE)
Customer Equipment E/FE/GE
1850 TSS3 Ethernet over E1/DS1
Ethernet Service Aggregation
In pure Ethernet configuration, 1850 TSS-3 is a wire speed carrier class Ethernet switch. It offers
fully non-blocking service aggregation from Customer Interfaces (CIF) onto Network Interfaces
(NIF), and can flexibility switch packets among its CIFs. Customer network information is
preserved at ingress to Service Provider network with 1850 TSS-3s standard compliant IEEE
802.1ad Provider Bridges implementation. Network side redundancy is provided through Ethernet
dual homing or RSTP.
In EoPDH configuration, 1850 TSS-3 aggregates Ethernet traffic from CIF onto the NIF PDH
links. Network side redundancy is provided through PDH 1+1 protection.
demarcation demarcation
Interoperability
The 1850 TSS-3 has been designed to support interoperability under the scenarios
given below:
Client side physical layer interoperability with any IEEE 802.3 compliant 10/100/1000
BaseT, 100BaseFX, 1000BaseSX/LX Ethernet Interface.
Network side physical interoperability with any IEEE 802.3 compliant 100BaseFX,
1000BaseSX/LX/ZX Ethernet Interface.
Client side data link layer interoperability with at least one third party equipment
supporting the following layer 2 protocols
802.1x
802.1D
802.1Q
Network side data link layer interoperability with at least one third party equipment
supporting the following layer 2 protocols
RSTP/STP
802.3ah OAM
802.1D
802.1Q
802.1ad provider bridging
Network side interoperability with G.7043 complaint virtually concatenated

NxE1/DS1/DS3/E3 fixed bandwidth PDH network interfaces. ( 2PDH-3 VARIANT and 16PDH-1
VARIANT only)
Note: At this release of the 1850 TSS-3 since G.7043 is an emerging technology compliant solutions
will not be widely deployed and it is therefore likely that the 2PDH-3 VARIANT and 16PDH-1
VARIANT network elements will be deployed in book ended configurations where the G.7043
generating and terminating nodes will be 1850 TSS-3 1850 TSS-3 nodes. Intermediate nodes which
carry the n x PDH payloads transparently can be connected to the NIF ports f the 1850 TSS-3 The
intermediate nodes would act as PDH pass through nodes for this book ended configuration.
The 1850 TSS-3 will be required to seamlessly inter operate with a number of pre specified
equipments. For all of the equipments and interfaces listed the NE should not experience
packet drop over a 72 hour soak test. The following interoperability scenarios can be
demonstrated:
Physical layer inter-operation with the Ethernet interfaces of the equipments listed in the
updated Network Release Planning Document.
Data link layer inter-operation with each equipment and interface listed in the updated
Network Release Planning Document. The protocols which the system should inter operate
seamlessly with include er include
RSTP/STP
802.1x
802.3ah OAM
802.1D
802.1Q
802.1ad provider bridging
External interfaces
specification
Protection for over voltages ond over currents as per T-REC-K21 is described in this
section. Overvoltages and overcurrents are caused by surges due to lightning strikes,
short term induction from adjacent power lines, railways, power faults, direct contact to
power lines and electrostatic discharges. Internal lines are mainly affected by
overcurrents due to inductive coupling caused by lightning.
The AC port will be fully compliant with Table 5/K.21of ITU-T Recommendation basic
levels. Primary protection on the AC interface will be external to the 1850TSS_1850 TSS-
3 unit, and meet the requirements of table 5. The AC supply shall be of the TN-S type for
the 1850 TSS-3.
The 1850 TSS-3 should only be used when there is a connection to ground.
Primary protection on the traffic interfaces will be external to the 1850 TSS-3 and meet
the recommendations of table 2a and table 7 -K.21 of recommendation basic levels. The
basic protection provided on 1850 TSS-3 for electrical interfaces is provided by magnetics
rated to 1500Vrms. The 1850 TSS-3 is architected to include surge protection which will
comply with NEBS-3 GR1089 intra-building for 10/100 interfaces. The E1 interfaces are
architected to provide intra-building protection. The surge protection is optional therefore
the components will be included in the schematic and footprinted on the PCB, however
some may be de-populated if not required, the fuses cannot be depopulated as they are in-
line and de-populating will break the circuit.
10 Signal Interfaces
Signal optical interfaces

SFP cages are provided for the optical interfaces
Optical interfaces available on the 1850 TSS-3 are
NIF 100FX, 1000BaseX

CIF 100FX or 1000BaseX
Note that if 1000BT is required that it is offered through a 1000BT electrical SFP.
The 1000BaseX shall be 1000SX/LX/ZX
Signal electrical interfaces

Electrical traffic interfaces available on 1850 TSS-3 are
CIF 4x10/100/1000BT
NIF 16xE1/DS1
NIF 2xE3/DS3
Ethernet interfaces
Figure 26 shows the 10/100 intra-building electrical protection circuit which provides
differential and common mode protection, and provides both line and IC side surge
protection. The magnetics used are rated to 1500V rms.
RJ45
123
456
78
The circuit should meet the following tests for surge
Bellcore GR1089
IEC 61000-4-5, Level2 lightning surge
IEC 61000-4-2, 15kV ESD
IEC 61000-4-4 EFT
ITU K.41, K.20, K.21
Magnetics rated to 1500V rms are used for the E3/DS3 interfaces, other surge
protection is not required as the interfaces are coaxial, and therefore are shielded at
both ends.
PDH interfaces
The E1/DS1 interfaces must have short haul surge protection circuitry at this release. As
with the 10/100 interfaces the protection devices are included in the schematic and
footprinted on the PCB, however they may be de-populated.
The line side interfaces are protected using a bridge diode circuit, either as discreet
components or a single device providing the protection. At the time of issue of this
document the choice between using a single or discreet components had not been made.
The discreet components must be able to withstand 100A at 2/10uS.
TVS diode Provides transient protection for line side interfaces Intra-building
lightning surge requirements of GR1089 IEC 61000-4-2 (ESD) +/-15kV (air) +/-8kV (contact) IEC
61000-4-4 (EFT) 40A (5/50ns) IEC 61000-4-5 (lightning) 24A (8/20us)
Bellcore 1089 (intra-building)
ITU K.20
Device side TVS array , Provides transient protection for IC side interfaces IEC 61000-4-
2 (ESD) +/-15kV (air) +/-8kV (contact)
IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT) 40A (5/50ns)

IEC 61000-4-5 (lightning) 24A (8/20us)
More details on the traffic signal interfaces are given below. System traffic signal
interfaces comply with customer interface specifications. Supported signal interfaces
include the following: D S1, D S3, E1, E3, 10 BaseT, 100BaseT, 1000BaseT, 1000Base
SX, 1000Base LX, 1000Base ZX
10M Electrical Ethernet Interface
ITEM Characteristics
Location TX and RX2x1 RJ-45 with LEDs on all configurations
Function Couples 10 BASET signals into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity
1 to 4 full-duplex 100BaseT ports per 1850 TSS-3 configurations as
per Table 1
Frequency 12.5 Mb/s 100 pulse position modulation (ppm)
Line Code HDB3
Line Impedence 100 ohms 5%, balanced
Eye Pattern
Cable Type Two pairs of Category 5 unsheilded twisted pair cable
Maximum cable length 100 metres

Location TX and RX 2x1 RJ-45 with LEDs, on all configurations
Capacity 1 to 4 full-duplex 100BaseT ports per 1850 TSS-3 configurations as per
Table 1
Frequency 125 Mb/s 100 pulse position modulation (ppm)
Line Code 4B/5B
Output See Figure 28 100BaseT Eye Pattern
Cable Type Two pairs of Category 5 unsheilded twisted pair cable
Location
TX and RX 1x1 Tab-DOWN RJ-45 with integrated magnetics and LEDs, Tx:1:2
Rx:1:1 on all configurations
Capacity
1 to 4 full-duplex 1000BaseT ports per 1850 TSS-3 configurations as per
Table 1
Frequency 1250 Mb/s 100 pulse position modulation (ppm)
Line Code 8B/10B
Output See
Cable Type Four pairs of Category 5 unsheilded twisted pair cable
Table 7 1000M Electrical Interface Specifications
100BaseFX Optical Ethernet Interface
Location TX and Pulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS compliant; connector on the
configurations with SFPports
Function Couples 100Base-FX signals into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity
Dependent on the 1850 TSS-3 configuration. Where optical signal is
100Base FX.
Frequency 1.25 Gb/s 100 pulse position modulation (ppm)
Line Code 4B/5B line code

Cable Type
Multimode optical Fibre (62.5/125) Multimode Optical Fibre-(50/125)
Maximum cable length up to 2000 metres

Table 8 100BaseFX Optical Signal Transmitter and Receiver Interface Characteristics
1000M Optical Ethernet Interfaces

This sections defines transmit and receive optical interface specifications for the
10000Base SX/LX/ZX SFP optical signal interfaces. An overview of the transmit and
receive interface specifications and the optical eye mask are included for all SFP
reaches. The 1000M Ethernet optical eye mask is shown in figure Figure 29 1000M
Ethernet Optical Eye Mask.
1000BaseSX Optical Ethernet Interface
The 1000 BaseSX optical signal interface characteristics are given in Table 9, Table 10
and Table 11
Location
TX and Pulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS compliant; connector on the
configurations with SFP connectors
Function Couples 1000Base-SX signals into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity
Dependent on the 1850 TSS-3 configuration. Where GE optical signal
can be any of 1000Base SX/LX and ZX.
Cable Type Multimode optical Fibre (62.5/125)

Multimode Optical Fibre-(50/125)
Maximum cable length Dependent on transceiver and fibre quality at least up to 550 metres
Table 9 1000Base SX Interface Specification
Table 10 1000BaseSX Transmitter Characteristics

Table 11 1000BaseSX Receiver Characteristics
1000BaseLX Optical Ethernet Interface

The 1000 BaseLX optical signal interface characteristics are given in Table 12, Table 13
and Table 14Table 12 1000Base LX Interface Specification
Location
Function Couples 1000Base-LX signals into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity
Dependent on the 1850 TSS-3 variant. Where GE optical signal can be any
of 1000Base SX/LX and ZX.

Cable Type Single Mode optical Fibre Multimode optical Fibre (62.5/125) Multimode
Optical Fibre-(50/125)
Table 12 1000Base LX Interface Specification
Table 13 1000 BaseLX Transmit Interface Characteristics
67
Table 14 1000 BaseLX Receive Interface Characteristics
1000BaseZX Optical Ethernet Interface

The 1000 BaseLX optical signal interface characteristics are given in Table 15, Table 16
and Table 17Table 12 1000Base LX Interface Specification
Location
Function Couples 1000Base-LX signals into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity
Dependent on the 1850 TSS-3 variant. Where GE optical signal can be any of
1000Base SX/LX and ZX.
Cable Type Single Mode optical Fibre

Table 15 1000Base ZX Interface Specification
Table 16 1000 BaseZX Transmit Interface Characteristics
Table 17 1000 BaseZX Receive Interface Characteristics

69
PDH Interfaces
This section defines the interface specifications and waveform shapes for
E1/E3/DS1/DS3 PDH signal interfaces
DS1 Interfaces
Location TX and RX Mini D Ribbon(MDR) connector () on the 2PDH-3 VARIANT
configuration
Function Couples DS1s into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity 1 to 16 full-duplex DS1 ports per 2PDH-3 VARIANT solution
Line Code B8ZS coding

Level Input @772 kHzz Measured with all 1's signal in 3 kHz bandwidth centered at 772 kHz
Output @772kHz Output into100 ohms 5% +12.6 to +17.9 dBm at equal-level point plus
@ 1.544MHz attenuation of 0 to 660 ft of cable +12.6 to +17.9 dBm at equal-level point
after attenuation of 0 to 660 ft of cable More than 29 dB below level at 772
kHz
Complies with GR-499-CORE. Meets DS1 format template requirements

Pulse Shape Output
(see figure 5-4).
Cable Type 32 pair shielded
Maximum cable length 660 ft from defined DSX-level point
Table 18 DS1 Interface Specification

TIME, IN UNIT INTERVALS
MAXIMUM CURVE
TIME UNIT
0.00 0.27 0.35 0.93 1.16
INTERVALS 0.77 0.39 0.27 0.27 0.12
NORMALIZED
0.05 0.05 0.80 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.05 0.05
AMPLITUDE 0.07
MINIMUM CURVE
0.77 0.23 0.23 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.23 0.23 0.46 0.66 0.93 1.16
TIME
UNIT INTERVALS
E1 Interfaces
Location TX and RX Mini D Ribbon(MDR) connector () on the 2PDH-3 VARIANT
configuration
Function Couples E1s into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity 1 to 16 full-duplex E1 ports per 2PDH-3 VARIANT solution
Line Code HDB3 coding

Peak Voltage Nominal Pulse ( one
coaxial pair ) Space/no pulse ( one
coaxial pair)
2.37V 00.237V
Complies with ITU G.703 section 9 Meets E1 format template requirements
Pulse Shape Output
Figure 33 E1 waveform Template.
Table 19 E1 Interface Specification
A 75 ohm E1 solution is also available with the TSS_ 3. The 75 ohm E1 solution is
achieved with the use of an external I/O conversion panel. For the 75 ohms solution the
connectors and signal interface at the NE are as defined in Table 19 E1 Interface
Specificationabove however instead of connecting from the NE directly to an E1 patch
panel the NE is connected to the I/O panel for 120 ohm to 75 ohm conversion. The
external I/O panel is shown in Figure 31 E1 120ohm/75 ohm conversion external I/O
panel Note In order to avoid thermal issues with the 1850 TSS-3 which is air cooled
there are restrictions on the number and positioning of external I/O panels for telecoms rack
deployments. These are detailed within the 1850 TSS-3 installation manual.
The external I/O panel is a separate orderable item within the system with product code.
8DG 23470AAAA. The external I/O panel is connected to the 16PDH-1 variant via the
Mini D Ribbon(MDR) connctor, 68-way,Board mount ShieldedThru-hole Right angle
receptacle.
The External I/O panel to E1 patch panel connection uses 1.0/2.3 mini BNC interfaces. 4x 8
channel ( 16 x Tx and 16 x Rx)1.0/2.3 connectors are required in order to support all 16 available
E1 channels
DS3 Interfaces
Figure 33 E1 waveform Template
Location
TX and RX BNC connector () on the 16PDH-1
VARIANT configuration
Function Couples DS3s s into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE

Capacity
1 to 2 full-duplex E1 ports per 2PDH-3 VARIANT
solution
Line Code B3ZScoding
Line Impedence 75 ohms 5%, unbalanced

Power Level Measured with an unframed all l 1's signal
centered at 22.368MHz Measured with an unframed all l
1's signal centered at 44.736MHz
Between -1.8-+5.7 dBm At lease 20dBm less than the

power measured at 22.368MHz
Pulse Shape Output Complies with GR-499-CORE. An isolated pulse

(preceded by two zeros and followed by one or more
zeros) falls within the curves listed in.Table 21 and
Figure 34 DS3 Waveform Template
Maximum cable length 450 feet
Table 20 DS3 Interface Specification
75
Table 21 DS3 waveform template
E3 Interfaces
Table 22 E3 Interface Specification
Location TX and RX BNC connector on the 16PDH-1 VARIANT
configuration
Function Couples E3s into and out of the 1850 TSS-3 NE
Capacity 1 to 2 full-duplex E3 ports per 16PDH-1 VARIANT solution
Line Code HDB3 coding
Line Impedence 75 ohms 1%, unbalanced
Pulse Amplitude 1.0V nominal

Pulse Shape Output Should be compliant with ITU-T G.703 section 11 An isolated
pulse (preceded by two zeros and followed by one or more zeros)
falls within the template shown in.
Cable Type Individual coaxial cable BT2003 or equivalent

Power interfaces
Power interfaces are covered in the Power Architecture section. 7.9
Operational interfaces
2 external management interfaces are available on 1850 TSS-3
RJ45 management interface, protected with RJ45 internal magnetics
RS232 Craft port
Visual indications LEDs

LEDs on the 1850 TSS-3 include
Card fail Red for card fail, Green card OK
Green LED is switched on once the uP has booted and running application load. The uP
writes to the CPLD to turn on the green LED.
Blink -S/W booting/auto testing
On -Card Equipped and in service
The red LED is switched on for card failure, the low voltage fail and 12 volt fail must
turn on the red LED as well as the uP if there is any other unrecoverable fault condition.
On = Card fail
Blink = FPGA downloading
12v0
POR circuit
Traffic port link status for Ethernet ports.
Electrical Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs for link activity and rate.
Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off No link.
Orange -Speed
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs.

Orange On -link, off no link
PDH
Green LED on -all interfaces carrying traffic working well, off at least one port is
alarmed
Multi-colour LED green all configured interfaces are protected, off configured interfaces are
not protected.
Yellow -Standby port not available
11 Ethernet Over PDH Mapping
Ethernet transport over non-Ethernet networks has existed for several decades. A wide range of
technologies, protocols, and equipment have been developed to accomplish one seemingly simple
task: i.e. connect network node A with network node B over a distance X. In summary , EoPDH is
the transport of native Ethernet frames over the existing telecommunications copper infrastructure
by leveraging the well-established Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) transport technology.
EoPDH requires a collection of technologies and new standards that allow carriers to make use of
their extensive networks of legacy PDH equipment to provide new Ethernet-centric services. In
addition, standardization of EoPDH paves the way for interoperability and the gradual migration of
carriers to Ethernet networks. The standardized technologies used in EoPDH (in simple
terminology) include frame encapsulation, mapping, link aggregation, link capacity adjustment, and
management messaging.
16PDH-1 variant and 2PDH-3 variant ( as outlined in Table 1 1850 TSS Supported
Configurations)of the 1850 TSS-3 support transport of Ethernet client signals over PDH interfaces.
The Ethernet over PDH encapsulation assumes Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) Encapsulation as
per ITU-T G.8040 and PDH virtual concatenation as per ITU-T G.7043. Details of the
encapsulation scheme are given in below. The use of GFP minimizes issues such as bandwidth
expansion seen with some of the legacy Ethernet mapping schemes such as HDLC. Whilst PDH
virtual concatenation permits the service provider to facilitate effective utilisation of the legacy
PDH transport bandwidth by allowing the data client access to the PDH bandwidth in 1.5M (DS1),
2M (E1), 34M( E3) and 45M (DS3) steps via virtually concatenated DS1/E1/E3/DS3 connections.
As indicated in Table 1 1850 TSS Supported Configurationsup to 16xE1/DS1 and up to 2xE3/DS3
virtually concatenated PDH payloads can be supported. The number of PDH channels required is
configured by the user. At this release the 1850 TSS-3 does not support link Capacity Adjustment
Scheme ( LCAS). Therefore hitless dynamic bandwidth assignment is not possible. LCAS support
is however under planning for a future release. It should be note that EoPDH encapsulation is a
relatively new technology and 1850 TSS-3 is among the first network element within Alcatel-
Lucent portfolio to support this standard." PDH Interfaces
EoPDH encapsulation is essentially a three stage process
Encapsulation of Ethernet packets within a GFP frame
Octet Aligned mapping of the GFP frame to a framed PDH payload ( E1/DS1/E3/DS3)
Aggregation of multiple same rate PDH payloads into a virtually concatenated group.
More details on each of the Encapsulation stages are given below
Ethernet over GFP

As already mentioned in this document GFP provides a reliable means of Ethernet
frame encapsulation with minimum bandwidth expansion
Three different GFP frame types have been defined in ITU-T recommendation G.7041.
GFP client data frames used to carry encapsulated client data

GFP client management frames used for end to end client management purposes
GFP IDLE frames transmitted during gaps in client data
Two different GFP encapsulation methods have been standardised in G.7041

Framed mapped GFP (F-GFP) client frames mapped to a GFP client data frame
Transparent GFP (T-GFP) client byte streams mapped to GFP client data frames
(including inter packet information).
The GFP client data frame structure is identical for the two encapsulation methods
mentioned above but the 1850 TSS-3 only supports frame mapped GFP. The GFP
client data frame structure is shown in figure 5.
The GFP core header consists of a PLI field (Payload Length Identifier) and a cHEC
field, which protects the integrity of the contents of the Core Header by enabling both
single-bit error correction and multi-bit error detection.
15141312 11 10 9 8
Bit
Octet 5 Transmission Order 6
Bit
76543210
123 4 5 6 7 8 Bit Transmission Order
The Payload Header consists of a mandatory Type field and tHEC, which protects the
integrity of the type field. Additionally the payload header may contain an Extension
Header field and an eHEC field, which protects the integrity of the Extension Header
field. The type field contains a Payload Type Identifier (PTI), a payload FCS indicator
(PFI -which indicates whether the FCS is present or not), an Extension Header Identifier
(EXI) and a User payload Identifier (UPI).
The following PTI values given in Table 23 Valid GFP PTI values have been defined
within G.7041
Payload Type
Identifiers Type Bits Usage
<15:13>
000 Client Data
100 Client Management

Others Reserved
Table 23 Valid GFP PTI values
The following UPI values given in

Table 24 Valid GFP UPI Values have been defined in ITU-T recommendation G.7041 for
GFP client data frames.
User Payload
Identifier
(binary) TYPE GFP Frame Payload Area
Bits <7:0>
0000 0000 1111 Reserved and not available

1111
0000 0001 Frame-Mapped Ethernet
0000 0010 Frame-Mapped PPP
0000 0011 Transparent Fibre Channel
0000 0100 Transparent FICON
0000 0101 Transparent ESCON
0000 0110 Transparent Gb Ethernet
0000 0111 Transparent Infiniband
0000 1000 Frame-Mapped Multiple Access
Protocol over SDH (MAPOS)
0000 1001
Through 1110 Reserved for future standardization
1111
1111 0000
Through 1111 Reserved for proprietary use
1110
Table 24 Valid GFP UPI Values
At this release the 1850 TSS-3 offers support only for client data frames with UPI value
equal to 0000 0001 indicating frame mapped Ethernet and the null extension header. The
UPI value and extension header type are set in software and cannot be set by an operator
from a management interface. As is required by standards the system does permit
configuration of support for the GFP Frame Check Sequence ( FCS) from a management
interface. This is to ensure interoperability with systems that might optionally choose
not to support the FCS.
Prior to encapsulation within a GFP frame the all the Ethernet line code are terminated,
all the Ethernet inter packets characters and the Ethernet preamble and start of frame
delimiter are removed. In order to ensure the integrity and security of the encapsulated
43
Ethernet packet the GFP encapsulation scheme uses an X +1 self synchronous scrambler
Figure 39 shows the Ethernet frame structure prior to encapsulation and the GFP
encapsulated Ethernet frame. To minimize bandwidth wastage across the PDH network
errored Ethernets received at a 1850 TSS-3 CIF interface will not be encapsulated but
will be discarded.
The 1850 TSS-3 is capable of encapsulating frames up to the maximum Ethernet packet
size. At this release the maximum Ethernet packet size supported is 1632 bytes while
Jumbo frame support is expected at a future release This device was selected to
minimise solution cost but the system has been designed to facilitate a pin compatible
upgrade to support jumbo sized frames.
Ethernet MAC Frame GFP Frame

Octets
GFP provides a generic mechanism for communication between the GFP source client
and the GFP far end sink client. This is achieved using GFP client management frames.
This signaling mechanism is particularly useful for point to point applications where a
failure at one node in a point to point link can be signaled to the connecting node. At this
release the 1850 TSS-3 support for GFP client management frames has not been enabled.
This feature will enabled at a subsequent release of this product via a field software
upgrade.
Note: In the 1850 TSS-3 the only case where the GFP mapper device can receive a
failed Ethernet signal is in the case of an internal hardware failure between the switch
and the GFP mapper block such a failure will be detected and reported by the NE
software.
If the Ethernet client data transfer rate is less than the provisioned PDH bandwidth
which will be inevitable at least on an instantaneous basis due to the bursty nature of
Ethernet traffic GFP permits transmission of GFP idle frames to ensure a continuous
bit stream is available for mapping into the PDH channels. The structure of the GFP
idle frame is shown in Figure 40.
1
Octet 2
Transmission
Order
3
Octet
Bit
Bit Transmission Order
Figure 40 GFP Idle Frame Structure
GFP Sink Process

At the 1850 TSS-3 GFP sink stage the encapsulated Ethernet packet stream is
recovered for transmission to the connected Ethernet client.
This involves a number of stages including

GFP single bit error detection and correction of the core and type header fields
GFP frame delineation as the GFP state machine shown in Figure 41. Note: the 1850 TSS-3
will not achieve GFP frame delineation if multiple errors are detected in the core and type headers
Descrambling of the received scrambled GFP frames
Detection of incorrect UPI and EXI values
Detection of a GFP errored FCS. GFP frames containing incorrect FCS fields are discarded
at the 1850 TSS-3.
Removal of GFP idle frames that have been added at the GFP source side for rate adaptation
purposes.
Reconstruction of the Ethernet packet stream -overhead bytes and inter-packet gap bytes
that have been removed at the GFP source process to minimize bandwidth expansion must be
replaced are per the Ethernet protocol rules. (e.g. Ethernet stream to the far end client must contain
a minimum of six idle characters with the inter-packet gap.
Frame-by-Frame (Error correction disabled)

Robustness against false delineation in the re-synchronization process depends on the
value of DELTA. A value of DELTA=1 has been suggested.
GFP over PDH
When GFP encapsulated Ethernet frames are carried over framed E1/DS1/E3/DS3
PDH containers, the information is byte-aligned. The supported PDH rates are
summarised
E1 2.048Mbps
DS1 1.544Mbps
E3 34.368Mbps
DS3 44.736Mbps
Note that the positioning of the encapsulated Ethernet frame is independent of the PDH
framing pattern bits ("F") and is byte-aligned. The frame structure for each of the PDH
signal is as given below.
DS-1 Frame Structure as per GR 499 Section 10.2
E1 Frame Structure as per G.704 section 2.3
E-3 Frame Structure as per G.832 section 2.
DS-3 Frame Structure as per GR-499-CORE Section 9.6 (also ITU-T G.703 section 8).
Note on the PDH receive side the 1850 TSS-3 does not have access to the
management channel overhead bytes for any of the PDH signals supported.
Information in these bytes will ignored and carried transparently.
The PDH rate to be supported must be configured by the user where as indicated in
Table 1 2PDH-3 VARIANT supports DS1 and E1 rates which 16PDH-1 VARIANT
supports DS3/E3 rates. It is not possible to support multiple rates on the same NE.
Aggregation of PDH Channels Via Virtual Concatenation

The 1850 TSS-3 facilitates the use of PDH virtual concatenation for aggregation of the
available PDH network bandwidth. The PDH bandwidth is aggregated to a single virtual
concatenation group with 1-16 E1s or DS1s and 1-2 E3s or DS3s. .PDH virtual concatenation is
achieved by adding a concatenation overhead to the PDH frame. As indicated above the mapping of
the GFP frame to the PDH channel is octet aligned. The frame structure for the DS1, E1, DS3 and
E3 virtually concatenated channels is shown in Figure 42, Figure 43, Figure 44 and Figure 45 Octet
Structure for the 44 736 kbit/s signal subframe respectively
125s
a) 1544 kbit/s frame

The first octet following the first framing bit (F) of the DS1 multi-frame carries the
b) GFP mapping into the 24 frame 1544 kbit/s multiframe

Time slot 1 ( TS1) of the first framing word of the E1 multiframe carries the concatenation overhead
Figure 43 Octet-aligned mapping for GFP into the 2048 kbit/s signal
The first octet following the FA2 octet of the E3 multi frame carries the concatenation overhead
Ethernet over NxDS3

multiframe is used to carry the
concatenation overhead.
Individual GFP frames can cross
subframe boundaries
ER[1] Individual GFP frames can cross subframe boundaries as shown in

ER[2] Figure 46 below.
Forced/ Manual Protection Switching

This feature enables the user to initiate a Forced/Manual protection switch on a per
PDH traffic interface from a user interface.
No support for Lockout of Protection
No Holdover
No oscillation guard time
Non revertive switching only
Supports the ability to report channel status in a protection pair (active and standby).
The 1850 TSS3 solution will support the following switching hierarchy
Forced Switching
Automatic Protection Switching
Manual Protection Switching
In automatic protection switching, a protection switch is initiated on detection of

switch triggers such as PDH LOS/LOF/AIS and VCAT LOM. Switching to a failed
standby channel is not supported (i.e. a channel exhibiting active traffic impacting
alarms)
For manual/forced protection switch events to occur the user will be required to request
the switch from a user interface (HTTP/CLI, SNMP). Switch requests will be on a per
PDH interface basis and will not apply across the virtual concatenation group. The
solution will support the ability to release/clear the forced/manual protection switch via a
user initiated command. The solution will support alarm notifications to the user
indicating that a forced/automatic/ manual protection switch event has occurred.
It is not possible to execute an automatic protection switch if a forced protection switch is

active. An automatic protection switch can be executed if one of the supported defect
trigger conditions is detected after a forced protection switch has been released/cleared.
It will not be possible to initiate a manual protection switch event if a forced switch is
active (i.e. forced switch has been requested but has not been cleared). The manual
switch request will be ignored and lost this switch request will not be processed
following clearing of the forced protection switch condition. In order to execute a
manual protection switch following clearing of a forced switch condition the user will
required to provide a further manual switch request.
It will be possible to execute a forced protection switch to a failed channel (i.e. a channel
exhibiting active traffic impacting alarms). It will not be possible to execute an automatic
protection switch on detection of the supported defect trigger criteria to a failed channel
(i.e. a channel exhibiting active traffic impacting alarms). It will not be possible to
execute a manual protection switch to a failed channel.
Network Interface Protection
The 1850 TSS_ 3 optionally supports NIF interface protection. The option to support
protection must be provisioned by the user from a management interface. At this release
enabling protection halves the traffic bandwidth available at the NIFs. Two different
protection mechanisms are available dependent on the 1850 TSS-3 configuration being
used. The 2PDH-3 and 16PDH-1variants support a proprietary copper path protection
mechanism on the PDH interfaces. An evolution path has been defined for these 1850
TSS-3 configurations to use LCAS and diverse path routing techniques path protection.
With LCAS the total NIF bandwidth is available to carry traffic. Whilst 1850 TSS-3
2GX4FE and 2GX4FE1O variants support RSTP based optical line protection with an
evolution path to link aggregation at a subsequent agreed release of the system.
PDH Interface Protection
Details of the PDH proprietary protection mechanism are given below. The mechanism is
essentially an extension of SDH 1+1 Sub Network Connection Protection (SNC P) as
defined in ITU-T G.783 for copper interface.
On setting up a protected connection, two complete traffic paths are provisioned. One of these
paths is selected by the endpoint node to drop traffic and is labelled as the working path The
other path carries identical traffic and is available for selection by the endpoint in the event of a
failure in the working path. This is labelled as the standby. Note that if a protection switch occurs,
the labelling of the working and standby paths is reversed.
The protection is 1+1 and is non-revertive thus traffic remains on the protection channel until a fail of that
channel occurs. The switch is single ended and occurs at the traffic drop point. In the event of a protection
switch, the endpoint selects traffic from the standby source. Traffic switching occurs within the endpoint
node.
An automatic path protection switch event from the active working to the standby protection
channel will occur under detection of any of the following conditions on any one or more PDH
channels.
PDH Loss of Signal

PDH Loss of Frame
PDH AIS
VCAT Loss of Multi-frame
Manual or forced protection switches are not supported and if the user requires a protection switch
event for maintenance purposes this can be achieved by forcing one of the switch criteria given
above. The system willl not allow protection to a failed standby channel. In the event that the
working and standby channel detect any of the above error conditions an automatic protection
switch event will not occur and traffic across the entire VCAT group of PDH channels will be lost.
The protection switch is initiated only on the failed channel(s). A notification is sent to the user
following a protection switch event. The protection switch time is dependent on both the PDH rate
and the failure condition. Switch time for each of the PDH rates for the different fault criteria are
given below.
In the case where the switch occurs due to a failure at some point an upstream SONET/SDH
network this will impact the VCAT multi-frame alignment. In the worse case if the failure is
detected and the switch initiated at the beginning of a multi frame the time to recover traffic will
include the remainder of the current multi-frame followed by the time to achieve a newly aligned
VCAT multi frame (i.e. 2x VCAT multi-frame alignment time. The multiframe realignment time
for each of the PDH payload types is given below
DS1-48ms ( therefore traffic recovery time could be up to ~96ms)

E1 32ms ( therefore traffic recovery time could be up to ~64ms)
DS3 2ms ( therefore traffic recovery time could be up to ~4ms)
In the case where a failure condition for example LOS/LOF is detected at the NE a switch
to the protection port can be achieved in few ms but the time to recover traffic will
include the switch time + time to recover a VCAT multi-frame. Hence in the worst case
scenario i.e. for DS1 payloads the traffic will be restore in <50ms.
In the case where the switch trigger condition is VCAT LOM the switch will typically not
be initiated until N consecutive instances of LOM are detected. Thus in this case the
switch time will be equal to N x multi-frame alignment time and the time to restore traffic
will be N+1 x multi-frame alignment time. Sample recovery times are given below for the
case N=3
DS1-48ms ( therefore traffic recovery time could be up to ~192ms)

DS3 2ms ( therefore traffic recovery time could be up to ~8ms)
It should be noted that in the absence of protection for 2PDH-3 and 16PDH-1 variants
failure of one channel within the virtual concatenation group results in failure of the
entire group. The group will remain unavailable until the failure has been repaired and
the virtual concatenation group has been re-established.
E1/DS1 Copper Path Protection
1850 TSS-3 16PDH-1 variant supports

16xE1/DS1 unprotected interfaces
8xE1/DS1 Path protected interfaces
An overview of the NxE1/DS1 protection mechanism is shown in Figure 47. For ease
of use and implementation the solution uses nailed up protection pairs where channel
one is protected by channel 9 etc as shown in the Figure 47. Each protection switch pair
contributes one member to the virtual concatenation group. The supported protection
switch pairs are outline in the Figure.
1850 TSS-3 2PDH-3 variant supports

2xE3/DS3 unprotected interfaces
1xE3/DS3 Path protected interfaces
An overview of the NxE1/DS1 protection mechanism is shown in Figure 48. The solution
is to use a single protection pair where channel one is protected by channel 2.
Ethernet Optical Line Protection
2GX4FE znd 2GX4FE1O variants support Ethernet optical line protection. The system
uses Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as the optical line protection protocol. Figure
49 and Figure 50 show Ethernet optical line protection for single and dual homed network
configurations respectively. The system supports optical line protection on detection of
loss of light. The protection is 1+1 line protection and the switching is non revertive.
Protection switch times are of the order of ~ 1 second.
Single Homed
RSVP near end node
Figure 50 Ethernet Optical Line Protection in Dual Homed Network Configuration
12 Packet Latency and

Throughput Calculations
Latency in the case is the time it takes from single packet received at a CIF or NIF port to
transit the and egress the 1850 TSS-3 node. Obviously the latency of the system willl be
dependent on both the packet size in transit and the CIF and NIF interface speeds. Latency
is measured in units of time. Throughput on the other hand is the amount of data that is
transferred over a period of time. For example if over ten seconds twenty packets are
transferred then the throughput would be 20/10=2 packets per second.
Packet Latency
All packets received at a CIF or NIF port of the 1850 TSS-3 will experience some
degree of latency on transmission through the NE. The worst case latency will be
achieved under conditions where the both the CIF and NIF interfaces are operating at
the slowest supported rates. For solutions outlined in Table 1 1850 TSS Supported
Configurationswith Ethernet uplinks the worst case latency through the NE will be
experienced for 1FX4FE VARIANT with 10 BaseT client rates and 100 BASE FX
uplinks. The packet latency should not exceed the values given in Table 25. (This
assumes 10M client rates/100M uplinks)
Latency thru the NE (secs)
Ethernet PDH
Packet Switch (10M) Switch 100M (Egress) Ethernet 10M Uplink total Uplink
Size Ingress Mapper (1.5M) egress (1.5M)
64 5.12E-05 5.12E-06 5.63E-05 3.36E-04 3.92E-04
128 1.02E-04 1.02E-05 1.13E-04 6.71E-04 7.84E-04
256 2.05E-04 2.05E-05 2.25E-04 1.34E-03 1.57E-03
512 4.10E-04 4.10E-05 4.51E-04 2.68E-03 3.14E-03
1024 8.19E-04 8.19E-05 9.01E-04 5.37E-03 6.27E-03
1518 1.21E-03 1.21E-04 1.34E-03 7.96E-03 9.30E-03
2000 1.60E-03 1.60E-04 1.76E-03 1.05E-02 1.22E-02
9600 7.68E-03 7.68E-04 8.45E-03 5.03E-02 5.88E-02
Table 25 Worst Case Latency in the traffic direction CIF-NIF as a Function of Packet Size (
assumes 10M client Ethernet, 100M Ethernet uplink and 1x DS1 PDH uplink
For solutions outlined in Table 1 1850 TSS Supported Configurationswith PDH

uplinks the worst case latency in the PDH will be experienced for 16PDH-1
VARIANT where the NIF interface has been configured to support 1xDS1
PDH channel. The packet latency in the PDH transmit and receive directions will not
exceed the values given in Table 25 and Table 26 respectively . ( This assumes 10M
client rates, 100M link from switch to PDH mapper device and NIF rate 1xDS1 ~1.5M)
In the VCAT receive direction ( NIF to CIF) a significant proportion of the system latency
is driven by the virtual concatenation re-assembly process. The contribution of PDH
VCAT reassembly to the packet latency through the node as a function of PDH rate is
shown in Table 27.
Latency thru the NE (secs)
Ethernet VCAT PDH

Packet Switch (10M) Switch 100M (Egress) Ethernet 10M Uplink total Reassembly Uplink
Size Ingress Mapper (1.5M) egress for DS1 (1.5M)
64 5.12E-05 5.12E-06 5.63E-05 3.36E-04 3.00E-03 3.39E-03
128 1.02E-04 1.02E-05 1.13E-04 6.71E-04 3.00E-03 3.78E-03
256 2.05E-04 2.05E-05 2.25E-04 1.34E-03 3.00E-03 4.57E-03
512 4.10E-04 4.10E-05 4.51E-04 2.68E-03 3.00E-03 6.14E-03
1024 8.19E-04 8.19E-05 9.01E-04 5.37E-03 3.00E-03 9.27E-03
1518 1.21E-03 1.21E-04 1.34E-03 7.96E-03 3.00E-03 1.23E-02
2000 1.60E-03 1.60E-04 1.76E-03 1.05E-02 3.00E-03 1.52E-02
9600 7.68E-03 7.68E-04 8.45E-03 5.03E-02 3.00E-03 6.18E-02
Table 26 Worst Case Latency in the traffic direction NIF-CIF as a Function of Packet Size ( assumes 10M client
Ethernet, 100M Ethernet uplink and 1x DS1 PDH uplink
Note: Latency due to network differential delay is not included in these calculations
PDH Delay
Rate Sec
DS1
3.00E-03
(1.5M)
E1
2.00E-03
(2.0M)
E3
1.25E-04
(34M)
DS3 1.06E-04
(45M)
Table 27 PDH Rx Latency due to VCAT reassembly
Packet Throughput
The 1850 TSS-3 is capable of wire speed forwarding for all Ethernet packet sizes from
64bytes-max frame size supported for 1FX4FE , 2GX4FE, 1GX4FE1O and 2GX4FE1O
variants . This assumes that the aggregate CIF bandwidth does not exceed the available
NIF bandwidth.
Note : Additionally it should be noted that as per IEEE 802.3 that all Ethernet interfaces of
the 1850 TSS-3 NE have a frequency tolerance of +/-100 ppm. For 2PDH-3 and 16PDH-1
variants which support PDH uplinks the packet throughput will be dependent on the
number of virtual containers provisioned within a virtual concatenation group to provide
the aggregate NIF bandwidth . Table 28 and Table 29 show sample throughput values
expressed in Mbps for E1/DS1 and E3/DS3 respectively.
Note that for a given packet size the throughput versus PDH bandwidth relationship (
expressed in terms of increasing channels within the VCAT group ) is linear.
101
Thruput for nxDS1 WAN pipes Thruput for nxE1 WAN pipes (Mbps)
(Mbps)
No's of DS1's No's of E1's
Ethernet
Packet
Size 137 136
64 128 1.28 3.85 4.18 8.99 9.76 1.67 1.81 5.00 5.43 10.00
256 512 1.39 4.37 4.47 10.20 1.89 1.93 5.67 5.80 10.86
1024 1.46 4.52 4.54 10.44 1.96 1.96 5.87 5.89 11.35
1518 1.49 4.55 4.57 10.56 1.97 1.98 5.90 5.93 11.61
2000 1.51 10.60 11.74
9600 1.51 10.62 11.79
1.52 10.67 11.81
1.52 11.87
Table 28 Packet Throughput with E1/DS1 PDH uplinks
Thruput for nxDS3 WAN pipes Thruput for nxE3 WAN pipes
No's of DS3's No's of E3's
Ethernet
Packet
Size 12 12
64 128 37.67 40.90 75.34 81.80 28.94 31.42 57.88 62.84
256 512 42.73 43.71 85.47 87.42 32.83 33.58 65.66 67.16
1024 44.22 44.39 88.44 88.77 33.97 34.10 67.94 68.20
1518 44.47 44.68 88.94 89.36 34.16 34.33 68.33 68.65
2000
9600
Table 29 Packet Throughput in Mb/s with E3/DS3 PDH uplinks
Ethernet Services
The 1850 TSS-3 can be configured to work in each of the following switching modes
IEEE 802.1ad Provider Edge Bridge Mode
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Bridge Mode
IEEE 802.1D Transparent Bridging Mode
When configured in the IEEE 802.1D TB mode VLAN and Provider Bridge modules are switched
off.
When configured In the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN mode Provider Bridge modules are switched
off.
Table 30 shows an overview of the layer 2 services supported for each of the supported switching
modes.
Feature 802.1D 802.1Q 802.1ad

MAC Bridging X X X
VLAN Bridging X X
Provider Bridging X
Ethernet OAM X X
RSTP X X X
MAC Based Auth X X X
Port QoS Port X XX XX
Segregation
Table 30 Layer 2 services per Ethernet Switching Mode
802.1B Transparent Bridging

In the Transparent Bridging Mode, the system conforms to the IEEE 802.1D standards. In
this mode, the 1850 TSS-3 switches the traffic between the CIFs and NIFs, without
looking the 802.1Q tags. There is a single FDB table that contains all the MAC address
learnt.
802.1Q VLAN Bridging

The VLAN Bridging function of the 1850 TSS-3 conforms to the IEEE 802.1Q
standard VLAN switching specification.
The system supports Port based VLANs and IEEE 802.1Q VLANs independently.
It can support 256 Forwarding database tables. Each such table can hold any number of
the maximum 8192 MAC address.
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CIF Configuration
Each CIF port belongs to one single customer.
Note: In Release 1 the CIF port can carry only a single transparent LAN service.
The CIF should be configured with a Port based VLAN for the VLAN Identifier that
shall identify the service. The VLAN classification engine uses the PVID configured as
the VID for any untagged packet or for any priority tagged packet received on the port.
Ingress VLAN Filtering

The CIF discards tagged packet if the ingress port is not a member of the packets
VLAN and ingress filtering of the port is enabled. By default ingress filtering is
disabled for all CIF ports.
User to User Port Forwarding

The CIF forwards packets or discards packets based on the CIF to CIF switching
configuration. CIF to CIF switching is only possible if both the ports are member of
same VLAN and CIF to CIF switching has been specifically enabled by the operator. By
default CIF to CIF switching is disabled.
NIF Configuration
The NIF (uplink) ports are always an 802.1Q trunk port since they must be a member off
all the port based VLANS of the CIFs. It is not possible to assign PVIDs to NIFs. NIFs are
configured to discard any un-tagged, priority tagged packets, double-tagged frames or
frames with Ethertype with values other than 0x8100.
802.1ad Provider Bridging

The 1850 TSS-3 Provider bridging solution conforms to IEEE 802.1ad standard.
Provider bridges are switches present in the Layer 2 aggregation of Ethernet services in a
Metro Ethernet based network. The provider bridges operate on tagged Ethernet packets,
which carry a service provider tag (S-VLAN) with an Ether type value indicating that it is
a S-Tagged. An S-tagged packet can also be a doubly tagged packet having an inner
802.1Q tagged frame.
The 1859 1850 TSS-3 will act as a Provider Edge Bridge.
A Provider Edge Bridge shall provide

Port-based services (at this release)
Note: The 1850 TSS-3 supports only port-based services at this Release due to limitations from
hardware.
105
Mac Learning
An overview of the system MAC leaning function is given in Figure 52 CPU Controlled
FDB Learning
Controlled CPU Address Learning
The 1850 TSS-3 can support up to a maximum of 8K MAC address entries. These are
stored in the Forwarding Data Base ( FDB).Tables within the system Ethernet switch (
FDB).
The Ethernet switch chipset within the system is configured to perform a CPU
controlled MAC address learning for the following reasons:
MAC based authentication: The CPU will validate each new MAC address with PNAC
subsystem database before adding the entry to FDB.
MAC Table overflow: The FDB learning entry will not program the FDB table, if the
number of MAC entries learnt on the port is more than or equal to 1024.
MAC address spoofing: The FDB learning subsystem will reject all transplant address
notification without any action..
SNMP get/getnext/getbulk operation: The SNMP module will read entry from control plane
FDB learning subsystem database. This will speed up SNMP operation.
The chipset will not learn any new MAC address by itself. It shall send an Address Learnt
message (ATU-Source Address Miss Violation) to the control plane. The HAL receives
this message and sends it via an event notification to the FDB Management entity (part of
the VLAN subsystem).
The FDB management entity shall receive the Address Learnt message and check if the
MAC address is valid to be learnt on this port. Once validated the FDB management
entity shall invoke the MAC Table Add Entry API to program the MAC address as a
dynamic entry in the FDB. It shall add it to the shadow FDB table maintained in the
control plane.
Address Ageing
The Ethernet Switch Engine within the system does not refresh the FDB entries even
when the packets are received from the Source Address. It simply ages the entries out at
the Age-out time period. Upon Ageing-out the switching engine does not notify the
removal of a FDB entry. So for this reason, the Control Plane FDB Management entity
also runs an ageing timer and removes the entries when they age-out.
The switching Engine sends an aged violation message (ATU Age Violation Interrupt)
to the system processor if the entry has aged more than half of the age time and if the
flow from that MAC is active. The action of FDB management entity is the same as the
Address Learnt message. It shall check if the MAC address is valid to be learnt on this
port and re-load the entry in the FDB.
107
Address Transplantation
MAC address transplantation can be allowed or disallowed through a global
provisioning configuration.
If MAC address transplantation is not allowed, any transplanted address message from the
switching engine is rejected by the FDB management entity as it is treated as a MAC
spoofing condition. The MAC movement is only allowed until the MAC address ages out
If MAC address transplantation is allowed, any transplanted address message from the
switching engine is allowed by the FDB management entity. The FDB entry in the data
plane and the control plane is modified to the new source port of the MAC address.
If MAC address transplantation is not allowed, the Switching Engine switches the packet
with transplanted address (as SA) as per the FDB table and Forward Unknown bit
setting.
Configurable InBandManagement VLAN
There are two management interfaces currently in TSS-3, and they are called OOB
interface and In Band interface (which is also the system interface), both are IP interfaces
and provide similar management functions/services over respective interfaces. VLAN
4094 is the default in-band management VLAN. Now VLANs with VLAN ID ranging
from 2 to 4094 can be configured as an in-band management VLAN.
Static Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation or trunking is a method of combining physical network links into a
single logical link for increased bandwidth and availability of the communications
channel between devices (both switches and end stations) using existing Fast Ethernet
and Gigabit Ethernet technology.
Link Aggregation allows Ethernet MAC Clients to treat a set of one or more ports as if
they were a single port. In case of a single link failure, traffic previously carried over the
failed link switches to the remaining links of the bundle.
Link Aggregation also provides load balancing where the processing and
communications activity is distributed across several links in a trunk so that no single
link is overwhelmed. Both load balancing and redundancy will be supported.
Aggregation will be based on port and MAC.
Port to Port
In a P-to-P cross connect, all packets that ingress an ETS end point must egress
unmodified. It must be created between two ETS ports (that will be the end points). All
Layer 2 control frame protocols that ingress the two ETS end points are tunneled.
Learning is not required in the bridging system.
The ports participating in the P-to-P service cant be used for any TSS-3 management,
since in ETS mode, packets will only be egressed to the other point and CPU cant
receive it.
If P-to-P is configured on a system with single network port, the system become
unavailable for remote management. The port cant be used for in-band remote
management in case of NIF.
The BPDUs received in a CIF is forwarded to the corresponding NIF and vice versa.
Learning is disabled on the ports participating in P-to-P. Ports participating in the P-to-P
service will not be participating in the L2 control functionality of the port
Port Role Change
In 1850TSS3, each interface or port will perform some role and the role can be
dynamically changed. Different types of Role are listed below:
Customer Interface (CIF) ports that are connected to customer network
Network Interface (NIF) ports that are connected to service provider.
System used interface (INTERNAL) ports that internally carries traffic between customer
ports and networks ports.
Link Pass through

Link Pass through is a mechanism by which an error that occurred in one segment of
the link is intimated throughout the link.
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Routing between the Inband / Outband interfaces

The features enables IP routing between the in-band and out-band IP interfaces. In an all
TSS-3 network, the gateway TSS-3 will have this feature enabled, to have the
management traffic to flow between the in-band and out-band network. This feature is
disabled by default.
13 Port Segregation
Port segregation prevents a customer traffic being forwarded to ports that are neither uplink nor
belong to the customer. Port segregation can be enabled or disabled by provisioning on the CIFs.
To achieve port segregation:

Egress bit map of the port entry in the Port VLAN table of the CIFs is set to
egress only out of the NIFs
Clearing the Forward Unknown bit in the Port Control Register which prevents unknown
unicast MAC addresses
Figure 53 Port Segregation Configuration

111
14 RSTP
The Rapid spanning tree protocol implementation conforms to IEEE 802.1D -2004 edition.
The Rapid spanning tree protocol can be enabled on the on the NIF as well as CIF ports. The
RSTP protocol sends the RSTP BPDU with the destination MAC address as that of RSTP-PB-
MAC-ADDRESS.
On the CIFs, the RSTP protocol state machine will receive the BPDUs and can be configured
either to tunnel or discard them based on the layer 2 Protocol handling configuration per
Ethernet flow.
In a provider-bridging mode, two RSTP can be configured in the box, one on the CIF ports and
other on the NIF ports. There can be only one RSTP on the CIF ports.
Provisioning
The RSTP protocol can be provisioned with the following
At a global switch level, the following parameters are configured:

Max Age
Forwarding Delay
Transmit Hold Count
Bridge Id
Bridge Priority
RSTP can be only configured on the NIFs (at this Release ) and can be enabled or
disabled by provisioning. RSTP is disabled by default on all the NIFs.
113
At NIF port level, for each of the NIF Ethernet interfaces the following parameters
shall be configured:
RSTP enable / disable status
Port Id
Port priority
Port cost
Port edge type
RSTP shall converge according to the network parameters and put the NIFs in either of
the discarding, learning or forwarding state.
Data plane configuration
RSTP Bridge group address for Provider Bridges is configured as a Management Address
to be trapped to the Control Plane
Whenever the NIFs RSTP port state value changes, it is programmed to in the system
Switching engine
15 802.1x Port based Network

Authentication
PNAC is supported only on the CIFs of the 1850 TSS-3, which is configurable per CIF.
PNAC can be enabled and disabled per CIF. By default PNAC is disabled.
1850 TSS-3 acts as an authenticator in 802.1x context.
1850 TSS-3 controls the physical access to the network based on the authentication status of the
client.
1850 TSS-3 acts as an intermediary (proxy) between the client and authentication server,
requesting identity information from the client, verifying that information with the authentication
server, and relaying a response to the client.
115
The 1850 TSS-3 includes the RADIUS client, which is responsible for encapsulating and
decapsulating the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) frames and interacting with
the authentication server.
Upstream EAPOL packet flow
When the 1850 TSS-3 receives EAPOL frames and relays them to the authentication
server, the Ethernet header is stripped and the remaining EAP frame is re-encapsulated
in the RADIUS format. The EAP frames are not modified or examined during
encapsulation, and the authentication server must support EAP within the native frame
format.
Until the client is authenticated, 802.1X access control allows only Extensible
Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) traffic through the CIF to which the client
is connected. After authentication is successful, normal traffic can pass through the
CIF.
Downstream EAPOL packet flow
When the 1850 TSS-3 receives frames from the authentication server, the server's
frame header is removed, leaving the EAP frame, which is then encapsulated for
Ethernet and sent to the client.
Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange
The 1850 TSS-3 or the client can initiate authentication. The 1850 TSS-3 must initiate
authentication when it determines that the CIF link state transitions from down to up. It
then sends an EAP-request/identity frame to the client to request its identity (typically,
the 1850 TSS-3 sends an initial identity/request frame followed by one or more
requests for authentication information). Upon receipt of the frame, the client responds
with an EAP-response/identity frame.
However, if during bootup, the client does not receive an EAP-request/identity frame
from the 1850 TSS-3, the client can initiate authentication by sending an EAPOL-start
frame, which prompts the 1850 TSS-3 to request the client's identity.
When the client supplies its identity, the 1850 TSS-3 begins its role as the
intermediary, passing EAP frames between the client and the authentication server
until authentication succeeds or fails. If the authentication succeeds, the 1850 TSS-3
port(CIF) becomes authorized or moved to forward state.
The specific exchange of EAP frames depends on the authentication method being used. Figure
below shows a message exchange initiated by the client using the One-Time-Password (OTP)
authentication method with a RADIUS server.
Dataplane Configuration
On the CIFs, when 802.1x is disabled the ports are put in port-unlocked state (packet
forwarding enabled)
On the CIFs, when 802.1x is enabled:
When the port is still not authenticated, the ports are set to a port-locked state
(ingress/egress management frames allowed, however egress packet forwarding is disabled)
When the port is authenticated, the ports are put in port-unlocked state (egress packet
forwarding is enabled)
Pause Frame Flow Control

The 1850 TSS-3 optionally supports Pause frame flow control on the CIF interfaces. If
the CIF ingress packet rate exceeds the pre configured rate limit Pause Frames are sent
to the sending station to halt traffic flow until. Pause Frame support must be enabled by
an operator.
117
802.3ah OAM
Ethernet OAM complies with IEEE 802.3ah. Ethernet OAM provides Ethernet
Demarcation services. 1850 TSS-3 supports both active and passive modes of Ethernet
OAM.
The Ethernet OAM is supported only on the NIF ports. It can be enabled or disabled
on each of the NIFs through provisioning.
The Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) sub layer provides mechanisms useful
for monitoring link operation such as link monitoring, remote fault indication and remote loop
back control. In general, OAM provides network operators the ability to monitor the health of the
network and quickly determine the location of failing links or fault conditions. The Ethernet OAM
optional sub layer provides data link layer mechanisms that complement application that may
reside in higher layers
OSI REFERENCE
LAN CSMA/CD LAYERS MODEL LAYERS
HIGHER LAYERS
Figure 57 Ethernet OAM Layering
Ethernet OAM information is conveyed in Slow Protocol frames called OAM Protocol Data Units
(OAMPDUs). The OAMPDUs contain the appropriate control and status information used to
monitor, test and troubleshoot EOAM-enabled links. The OAMPDUs are untagged frames and
traverse a single link, being passed between peer OAM entities, and as such, are not forwarded by
MAC clients (e.g., bridges or switches).
EOAM operates on the Ethernet point-to-point links and will support the following EOAM
functionalities:
Discovery mechanism
Link monitoring
Remote Failure indication
Remote loop back
A mechanism for MIB variable retrieval
A mechanism for Organization Specific Extensions.
119
EOAM can be enabled on some ports in the system while disabled for some other ports
in the system.
The EOAM software provides external interfaces to a fault management module so as
to collect and co-ordinate Data Link Layer OAM information.
EOAM Architecture
The architecture of EOAM module and its interface to the other modules is depicted in Figure 58
Ethernet OAM Component Breakdown.
Packet Transmission module
The packet transmission module is responsible for sending out all the higher layer
packets through the hardware including OAMPDUs.
121
The EOAM Multiplexer module will be introduced into the Packet transmission
module and will block or transmit data packets based on the EOAM multiplexer state.
The EOAM Multiplexer will always transmit OAMPDUs irrespective of its state.
Packet Reception module

The packet reception module is responsible for receiving all the frames from the
hardware. The EOAM parser module will be located in the packet reception module for
identifying the OAMPDUs and send it to the EOAM control module. The other main
functionality of the EOAM parser module is to loop back the received data packets onto
the transmission queue when the local DTE is put into the data link loop back mode by
the remote EOAM peer.
EOAM Control module

EOAM control module provides the interface between OAM client and packet
transmitting/reception module to send and receive OAMPDUs. The Control function
also contains the discovery process, which enables OAM to be established on the link.
It also contains the rules governing the reception of OAMPDUs.
EOAM Client module

The EOAM Client module is responsible for enabling and managing Ethernet OAM on a
link. After OAM is established on the link, the Client is responsible for adhering to the
OAMPDU response rules. Link events are signalled between peer EOAM Clients. The
EOAM client is also responsible for managing the remote loopback mode by reacting to
remote loopback command OAMPDUs and altering the local EOAM parser and
multiplexer configurations.
Link Monitoring Module

The Link Monitoring module is a part of THE EOAM and runs as a separate task. It
polls the hardware periodically to detect link error events and indicate it to the EOAM
Client module. The threshold and window for the error events are configured from
EOAM Client.
Fault Management
The External fault management module detects conditions to send dying gasp and other
critical events and indicates the EOAM Client to send the corresponding information to
the remote peer through OAMPDUs. It also receives remote events from EOAM Client
and takes relevant corrective action. It can also ask EOAM Client to send loopback
commands, to send and receive variable request/response OAMPDUs.
Data-Plane Configuration
When EOAM is enabled on the NIF, packets with Slow Protocol BPDU MAC address are
trapped to the host control plane
When EOAM loopback is enabled, the port is made a member of the VLAN 0xFFF
(VLAN ID outside the standard 1-4094)
The port is configured to enabled forwarding packets to the same port it received
(Configuring Port VLAN Table)
When EOAM loopback is disabled, the port membership is again reset to the original value
from the control plane
123
16 Ethernet Quality of Service
The 1850 TSS-3 provides Layer 2 QoS functionality, to allow traffic prioritization and
packet traffic management. QOS provides preferential treatment to specific traffic
potentially at the expense of other traffic. Without QOS the system could only offer best
effort service to each packet and the packet would be transmitted without any assurance
of reliability, delay bounds or throughput. Implementing QOS in a network makes
performance more predictable and bandwidth utilization more effective. If all traffic
running on a network has equal priority, each packet has an equal chance of being
delivered in a timely fashion. Likewise, if congestion occurs on the network, each packet
has an equal chance of being dropped. Layer 2 QoS is based on 802.1p class of service
(CoS) values. Using the CoS value (0-7), the 1850 TSS-3 maps packets to a designated
queue. Up to four transmit queues per output interface are available. This allows delay-
sensitive or mission-critical traffic to be delivered in a more predictable fashion. When
network congestion occurs, lower priority traffic can be dropped to allow higher priority
traffic to be delivered.
The 1850 TSS-3 provides the following services

Ingress Priority Classification
Ingress Rate Limiting
Congestion Control
Scheduling
Ingress Priority Classification

Ingress Classification involves assigning a priority to each ingress packet and treating
them appropriately.
Traffic is assigned priority based on the following parameters, which can be
configured by the user:
Ingress port
L2-CoS value
IP-TOS/DSCP value
Ingress Port Priority

The packets can be assigned priority based on the port on which they ingress.
802.1p CoS values

CoS operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model, and values range from 0 to 7 (0 being lowest
priority). By default, all incoming packets are marked with the default CoS value of 0.
Therefore if nothing is changed, all packets are sent to the first transmit queue. The
default CoS value can be assigned per CIF interface or the CIF interface can be
programmed to trust CoS values of incoming packets if the values have already been set.
In other words, based on the 1850 TSS-3 configuration, the CoS value will be
determined as follows:
If the CIF is set up to accept (trust) predetermined CoS values, incoming traffic retains its
current CoS value.
If the interface is set up to reclassify CoS values, CoS values of inbound traffic are
changed to the value specified using the VLAN CoS translation table configured. The CoS value
of the outer tag will be determined based on the CoS value of the inner tag if present.
If no value has been specified, they will receive the value 0.
Proposal for default CoS Queue Assignment:
802.1p CoS values 1850 TSS3 Output Queues
01 Queue1
23 Queue2
45 Queue3
67 Queue4
125
IP-TOS/DSCP values
CoS values can also be determined based on the packets DSCP value if it is an IP
packet. If DSCP-to-CoS mapping is enabled, CoS values are altered when specified
DSCP values are detected on inbound traffic.
DSCP
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
CoS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Table 31 Default DSCP Cos Mapping
Ingress Rate Limiting

The 1850 TSS-3 shall provide the capability to limit the rate of Ingress traffic per port.
Ingress Rate limiting is configurable per CIF (not done at NIF) from 62kbps to 1 Gbps at
a granularity of 62kbps. Inbound traffic from CIF is policed for the configured rate limit.
Inbound traffic above the configured rate limit will be discarded (Including high priority
packets).
When flow control is enabled on the Ingress interface, and the ingress traffic is more
than the configured rate limit, PAUSE frames are sent to the originator to throttle the
traffic back.
Congestion Control
The 1850 TSS-3 device uses the switching engines, advanced non-blocking, four
priority, output queue architecture with resource reservation.
An output port that is slow or congested never affects the transmission of frames to
other un-congested ports.
When flow control is enabled no frames are dropped and the higher priority frames
receive higher bandwidth allocation through the system.
When flow control is disabled, and prolonged congestion occurs, the frames will be
dropped. The frames will be dropped according to a proprietary congestion control
Algorithm. For this congestion control mechanism packets may be dropped at ingress
dependent on the priority of the packet, the level of congestion in the queue to which
the packet is destined and the number of free buffers in the Free Queue ( where the
Free Queue is a Global shared buffer that can be used by any of the egress queues).
The result is that lower priority packets are dropped to avoid congestion in egress
queues. This mechanism achieves similar behaviours to WRED functionality, but with
this implementation switch silicon has been designed to make the most efficient use of
the available global buffer pool whereas with WRED the buffer space per port will be
fixed.) The device drops the lower priority frames leaving more buffers for the higher
priority frames.
Scheduling
The 1850 TSS-3 shall use the weighted fair queuing or strict priority queuing
algorithm for scheduling the packets from the four output port queues.
The strict priority queuing algorithm makes sure that the higher priority traffic is
always sent first but this can cause starving of lower priority packets.
The weighed fair queue algorithm will ensure that the high priority packets get
preferential treatment according to the weights configured, however low priority
packets will never starve.
The usage of the scheduler is a global configuration.

Provisioning
The provisioning of QoS involves the following
127
Global
Queue Scheduling = {Strict Priority| WFQ} default = WFQ
CoS Queue Map = {queue number, CoS values} default = { { 1, 0 1}, {2, 2 3}, {3, 4 5},
{4, 6 7} }
DSCP Cos Map = {dscp values, CoS values} default = { {0-7, 0}, {815,1}.{56-63,7}
}
QoS Profile per Service Flow
A QoS profile can be created and associated for every Ether Service flow.
Note: At this Release there can be only one Ethernet service per port.
A QoS profile can be associated with more than one ether service flow. It cannot be
deleted when it is associated with at least one flow.
The following are the parameters of a QoS profile:
Profile Name
Rate Limit = {62kbps to 256 Mbps} default = 1 Mbps
Priority Classification = {Use 802.1p Tag | Use DSCP} default = Use 802.1p Tag
Default CoS = { CoS values for e.g 0 to 7} default = 0
Trust CoS = { True | False} default = True
A default profile with the name DEFAULT also exists. It is automatically assigned to
any newly created Ethernet service flow. The default profile can be never deleted.
Applying a QoS profile to an Ethernet Service flow causes the profile parameters to be
configured for the Ethernet Service.
17 System Powering Strategy

This section gives an overview of the power strategy used to power the 1850 TSS-3
Network Element.
Powering Architecture Assumptions

The power solution provides a 20W maximum at card level which is sufficient to cover
all six supported 1850 TSS-3 configurations
129
AC powering
At 1850 TSS-3 this release an AC power solution is offered. The AC power solution
uses a bulk off the shelf power module (universal; 90-264VAC, 50/60Hz, single phase)
which is housed at the left hand side of the face plate in the shelf mechanics as shown in
Figure 59 AC Power Mechanical HousingThe unit is designed for use at -5oC +50oC
external and +5oC to +60 oC internal operating temperature ranges. The power module
selected has passed all the necessary regulatory approval for telecoms carriers
deployment e.g UL, CE for low voltage and EMC directives, IEC60950-1 and NEBs..
The AC power module is factory fitted and cannot be field replaced. At this release the
power solution does not offer power module redundancy and the AC powered unit has
no internal battery backup. A UPS battery backup facility is available if required by the
user. The duration of the backup will be dependent on the UPS supply used. The UPS
battery backup is not provided as part of the solution shipped from Flextronics and must
be sourced separately by ALU. The solution offers the ability to detect a failure
condition at the The system has been architected to permit the use of a DC power
module at a subsequent release of the product. As with the AC solution the DC solution
will be factory fitted and will not be field replaceable. The DC solution when available
will be housed in the same aperature in the mechanics as is used for the AC power
module. When the 1850 TSS-3 system is powered and available for operation a green
system level LED is lite on the front panel. The power solution has been designed so as
to provide sufficient hold up following power supply failure to send a power dying gasp
message via IEEE 803.3ah OAM across all 1850 TSS-3 configurations with Ethernet
NIF interfaces. This requires <1ms hold up.
The AC power solution uses a12V intermediate bus and power is regulated on the PCB
for the low voltage rails required by the PCB components.
The following low voltage rails are available.
3V3
2V5
1V8
1V5
1V2
AC Bulk Powering Overview

Figure 60 AC Bulk powering overviewshows an overview of the bulk AC power
solution.
131
Initial Power Budget
This section summarises the top level power budget for 1850 TSS-3 based on the
outcome of the PCB power estimation process for each of the six supported 1850 TSS-3
configurations.These estimates include all card level power conversion losses and are
based on typical device level power figures.
Configuration A device level power estimate 13W Estimated POL efficiency = 85%
(to be refined when power architecture detail
completed) Configuration A total power demand from +12V DC bus = 13/0.85 =
17W AC/DC Power Supply Dissipation & Consumption Power supply load = 17W
Power supply minimum efficiency = 75% (to be refined when PSU selected) Power
supply consumption = 17W/0.75 = 22.67W
Power supply dissipation = 22.67W 17W = 5.67W

AC Entry EMI Filter Module Dissipation
Filter module loss = 0.1W
AC powered 1850 TSS-3 Power Consumption and Dissipation Estimate
Total power consumption = 0.1W + 22.67W = 22.77W
The output power from the 1850 TSS-3 is small, so this figure is also the dissipation
value for the AC powered unit.
Powering Architecture Description
Bulk Powering
Figure 60 shows the high level architecture for bulk powering of 1850 TSS-3 for AC
powering.
Referring to Figure 60, the bulk powertrain, from the AC mains entry port to the low
voltage DC intermediate bus that feeds main card, is made up of 2 major components
namely an AC EMI entry filter module and a bulk AC/DC power supply.
The optimum intermediate bus for 1850 TSS-3 is +12V DC. This bus is selected for
the following reasons:
The main card has multiple low voltage rail requirements (3V3, 2V5, 1V8, 1V5, 1V2)
some at relatively high current. In order to meet the required regulation and noise specifications
these low voltage rails must be generated on the cards near to the load devices. A +12V DC bus
works well as the raw input supply to the point-of-load (POL) DC/DC converters and regulators.
There is no need to change the bulk AC/DC PSU for different card configurations provided
the maximum power on the +12V DC is correctly estimated at the outset.
It is possible to generate +12VDC from the incoming universal AC feed to 1850 TSS-3
using a standard, low cost, reliable bulk AC/DC PSU solution with good power conversion
efficiency. This avoids the risk and significant NRE associated with full custom power supply
solutions.
The power output required from the AC/DC PSU is 20W maximum which sets the +12V
DC bus current at a very manageable 1.7 Amps. This means that the cable sizes and connectors
required for the +12V DC distribution to the card from bulk AC/DC PSU are physically
acceptable.
Higher voltages than +12V DC (often found in higher power communications platforms)
would lead to lower efficiency (higher losses) in the card level point-of-load converters and
regulators while not benefiting AC/DC PSU size or efficiency.
There is no need for the additional complication, size, power loss and cost of
isolated in the powertrain on board the main card, since isolation from the AC
supply is provided inside the AC/DC PSU. All card based POL circuits are
simple non-isolated conversion stages.
The +12V DC intermediate bus choice optimises overall power conversion

efficiency (minimises power losses and thermal design burden) while keeping
component costs low.
Use of +12V bus facilitates power failure early warning (last-gasp) to the processor by 12V
detection, since all low voltage rails for critical hardware are derived from the 12V bus.
It will be possible at subsequent product releases to swap out the AC/DC PSU for a DC/DC
PSU, since both can be designed to deliver the +12VDC intermediate bus with the same electrical
and physical interface to the main card. The PSU is a separate PCBA to the main card, and
therefore it can be removed easily from the 1850 TSS-3.
133
The AC EMI power entry filter module has several major functions. It conditions the AC input
feed attenuating high frequency noise and reducing voltage transients, as a key part of the EMC
immunity solution for 1850 TSS-3 on the AC port. In addition in terms of the EMC emissions
requirements, the filter module ensures a good level of margin on conducted and radiated
emissions from the products AC port. The filter module also provides connector termination for
the AC supply at the 1850 TSS-3, using an IEC 60320-1 C14 type connector with long first mate
PE pin.
Card level powering
Main Card Power Consumption Estimate as follows:

This estimate includes all card level power conversion losses i.e. it is the power
consumed from the +12VDC bus entering the card, and is based on the typical
estimation for the highest power configuration.
Typical estimated card power = 17W
The bulk PSU shall be designed to deliver at least 20W for all operating conditions of
the 1850 TSS-3 bulk input voltage and all environmental conditions, including short
term extended temperature requirements.
Further analysis is required for detailed power architecture design.
Where the block is a switching type point-of-load converter (POL), the output power and
the estimated efficiency of the POL are used to determine the dissipated power of, and
input power to, the POL.
The card architecture and power estimation process has resulted in the following low
voltage rails and loads, to cover all build configurations:
Table 31 Initial power estimation per rail per configuration

Rail 1FX4FE 1FX4F 2PDH-3 2PDH-3 16PDH-1 16PDH Max Max
VARIA E variant variant variant -1 power current
NT VARI power current power variantc (W) (A)
power ANT (W) (A) (W) urrent
(W) current (A)
(A)
3V3 4.364 1.322 4.194 1.271 8.379 2.539 8.179 2.539
2V5 2.175 0.870 1.795 0.718 1.795 0.718 2.175 0.870
1V8 2.350 1.306 2.350 1.306 2.350 1.306 2.350 1.306
135
1V5 0.230 0.153 0.230 0.153 0.283 0.188 0.283 0.188

1V2 2.005 1.671 2.375 1.979 2.340 1.950 2.005 1.979
A more detailed breakdown at major device level is given in the power

spreadsheet extracts in section 7.10.9
The low voltage detection block is part of the powering diagnostic solution
and provides alarming for any out of specification low voltage rail(s)
condition, including the +12V.
A power-on-reset signal is generated which is triggered when the +3V3 rail

crosses a threshold level of nominally +3.05V. At power up the threshold
crossing triggers a delay timer in the block which holds the POR signal in the
reset state for nominally 200mSec duration, to ensure all power rails are up
and regulating correctly before the POR transitions to the enable state. On
power down as the +3V3 crosses the +3.05V threshold the POR signal is
immediately taken from the enable to the reset state. Note the design of the
POR block is such that the LV_FAIL alarm threshold for the +3V3 rail is
guaranteed to be higher than the POR threshold level by about 100mV, so
that an alarm is always raised for a low +3V3 condition before the POR goes
to the reset state.
A PWR_FAIL signal is generated by detecting the +12V DC bus crossing a

threshold of nominally +10.2V. This signal gives the processor advanced
warning of a 1850 TSS-3 power outage event (commonly called last gasp
alarm).
The +12V DC bus fault protection block consists essentially of a high rupture
capacity fuse in the +12V conductor and an over voltage transient clamp. This
block also protects the card against reverse polarity connection of the +12V
DC, by causing the fuse to open under this condition.
Intermediate Bus
The card primary input power supply is the +12V DC intermediate bus from the bulk
AC or DC PSU.
The +12V bus connection is a simple 2-wire interface with +12V and 0V (12V return)
conductors.
The normal regulation total error band for the +12V on the card will be +/-5% for all
operating conditions including product useful life.
The +12V DC protection is at the feed entry point for this power bus on the card.
Protection takes the form of a high rupture capacity 5Amp fuse and a nominal 18V
transient suppressor clamp. In addition to protecting against card overload faults
presented to the +12V bus and any PSU output overvoltage faults, the arrangement also
protects the card against reverse polarity connection of the +12V DC. Under a reverse
polarity fault the fuse may open due to high current flow in the 18V suppressor (looking
like a diode). Correction of polarity and fuse replacement recovers the card to normal
function without any other damage or degradation.
The 18V overvoltage clamp level is chosen to be above the bulk AC/DC PSU
maximum output overvoltage protection limiter level, to ensure that the clamp limits
fast transients without inhibiting operation of the slower AC/DC PSU overvoltage
protector.
Point-of-Load Converters
There are 5 POL converters on the card and they are a mix of LDO regulators and
synchronous buck topology step down circuits. All use the +12V DC bus as their input
supply.
The POLs will be discrete designs by Flextronics for best efficiency and noise
performance, and to provide diagnostic capabilities. They will be integrated as surface
mount components onto the main PCBA.
POL switching frequencies will be fixed and in the range 500 KHz to 1 MHz.
137
Switching POL converters will be designed to be inherently low noise by using the
following measures:
Fully shielded magnetic components (ferrite shielded inductors); high attenuation LC
input filters to reduce +12V ripple current to a few tens of milliamps; high performance
output LC filters to reduce raw POL output noise to maximum 1% peak-to-peak of the
output voltage (e.g. 12mV p-p on the +1V2); tight switching current loops; 0V ground
and power planes.
The POL converters have protection features as follows:

Indefinite output overload and short circuit protection; over temperature shut down
protection. Both of these protection mechanisms have automatic recovery on fault
removal. Over temperature shutdown will not activate under any normal operating
condition including extended external ambient temperature operation to 50C.
POL operating input supply range will be at least +5V to +13.2V DC and they will
handle minimum +20V transients of 100uSec. This will ensure the card is not damaged
or degraded under +12V bus faults, and will also provide adequate hold up capacity on
an AC power outage to allow the processors to save data and generate the last gasp
alarm.
Power Hardware Diagnostics
All DC rails including the +12V DC shall be monitored to allow detection and
alarming of an out of specification DC voltage level.
Since the total error band regulation specification for all DC rails is +/-3% and the
accuracy of the voltage level detectors is also +/-3%, the threshold for alarming an out of
specification condition will be set at nominally +/-8% of the normal rail voltage. The
exception is the +12V DC where the regulation total error band is normally +/-5% at the
card entry and in this case the alarm thresholds will be set at +/-10%.
A single LV_FAIL signal is produced and transmitted to the processor. When active
this signal indicates that one or more DC rails have a fault.
In addition to activating the LV_FAIL alarm at nominally +10.8V, a drop in the +12V
DC down to a level of nominally +10.2V will cause the PWR_FAIL signal to become
active. This signal indicates to the processor that a power failure is occurring on the
1850 TSS-3 platform (all power about to be lost). Note that due to this diagnostic
function and also the need for last gasp alarm hold up of 60mSec, POL converters must
operate correctly down to typically +5V input.
Bulk power supplies units
AC/DC PSU and AC Entry Filter Module

The AC/DC PSU converts the single phase universal AC 85VAC to 264VAC (47Hz to
63Hz) supply, to the regulated +12V DC intermediate bus voltage.
The selection of AC/DC PSU for 1850 TSS-3 is an industry standard open frame
package 51mm X 102mm X 33mm. This platform choice allows future second
sourcing and/or cost reduction investigation.
The following is an image of the AC/DC PSU based on Astec model LPS53 single 12V
output model. This unit has UL recognition, CSA certification, EN60950-1 approval,
CB certificate and report, and has CE marking for the low voltage and EMC directives.
The Astec unit can do cold start up down to -20C and can deliver the required 20W up
to 70C local air temperature with natural convection cooling. Automatic power
shutdown of the device occurs when the AC voltage drops below 25Vac. Recovery of
the device doesnt occur until 55Vac. Normal operation of the device is not guaranteed
below 85Vac.
139
The AC entry EMI filter module consists of an IEC 60320-1 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet
connector, and a combined differential and common mode EMI filter. The module selected for
1850 TSS-3 is Delta Electronics 03GEE 3 Amp unit.
The 03GEE provides useful common mode and differential mode noise attenuation over the
frequency range 150KHz to 30MHz.
The AC entry filter module does not have a built in fuse. Fault protection for the unit is provided
by the fuse in the AC feed from the building power distribution.
UL recognition, CSA certification and VDE approval are held by the 03GEE family, and the
unit is RoHS compliant.
The unit accepts unconditioned single phase AC mains over the range 85VAC to 264VAC
(47Hz to 63Hz), and delivers the AC feed (essentially with no attenuated at the power
frequency) to the AC/DC power supply unit.
A short AC 3-wire cable delivers the AC feed between the filter module and the AC/DC
power supply input connector.
The filter module C14 connector will protrude through an opening in the 1850 TSS-3 metal
enclosure. The AC building feed connects to the 1850 TSS-3 by cable, and the cable is terminated
in an IEC 60320-1 C13 3-terminal type connector.
The following figure shows an image of the 03GEE AC entry filter module. Dimensions
of the module are 50mm X 40mm X 22mm.
EMC performance of the AC filter module is critically dependent on the integrity of the
bond between the modules metal housing and the metal enclosure of the 1850 TSS-3.
This bond is achieved by 2 screw fixings on the module face into the enclosure. This is
required because the filters internal line-to-earth Y grade capacitors are bonded to the
filter enclosure, which is itself connected to the protective earth terminals internally.
The AC entry filter module contains only passive components (X and Y grade filter
capacitors, inductors, and safety bleed resistor).
The current rating of the AC filter module is 3 Amps at 25C and is derated by the
manufacturer to 1.65 Amps at 60C. The load current for 1850 TSS-3 is a maximum at
lowest line voltage (85VAC) of 0.32 Amps, leaving good margin for reliable long term
filter performance.
141
Leakage current to earth of the AC filter module at 250VAC and 50Hz is 0.45mA.
This must be added to the AC/DC power supply earth leakage current, to ensure the
overall earth leakage (touch current) requirement of IEC60950-1 is satisfied.
Earthing and Bonding
Overview
The earthing, grounding and bonding scheme for 1850 TSS-3 is based on a dense, low
impedance, equipotential mesh design. This approach in essence takes the earthing and
grounding architecture requirements of the standard EN50310 and extends these to the
internal design of the product.
The selected earthing / grounding and bonding solution is recognised by the standard as
the best suitable system for communications equipment earthing / grounding and
bonding namely the CBN, MESH-BN, TN-S system. In terms of these standards the
1850 TSS-3 can be classified as MESH-BN (mesh bonding network) equipment that is
suitable for use in a CBN/MESH-BN (common bonding network/mesh bonding
network) earthing / grounding and bonding environment. This approach to bonding and
grounding leads to a well integrated safety, EMC and signal integrity solution for the
overall product design.
The PE conductors and AC supply Neutral conductors are separated in 1850 TSS-3, in
line with the TN-S system specified in IEC 60364-3.
With this earthing and bonding architecture, the 0V reference potential for the
electronic hardware is multi-point bonded to the metal structure (Faraday cage) of the
product.
The low impedance mesh formed by the 0V copper planes on the card and all the metal
structures of the 1850 TSS-3 is referred to in the standards as the System Reference
Potential Plane (SRPP).
Protective Earthing
The 1850 TSS-3 will be equipped with a PE stud or threaded bush on its metal structure
to permit connection of a dedicated green-and-yellow PE conductor that is separate from
the PE conductor in the AC or DC power cord. This PE termination will meet the
physical, electrical and marking requirements of a PE as defined in IEC60950-1, and
will be accessible from the exterior of 1850 TSS-3. The size of this external PE
termination point will be a minimum of 3.5mm diameter thread (stud/pillar type) or
4mm diameter thread (screw type). The external PE termination will have a mechanism
to prevent rotation when first connecting the PE conductor, or loosening of the PE
connection in normal service.
AC VARIANT
The 1850 TSS-3 is Class 1 equipment in accordance with IEC 60950-1 which means
that the product requires a protective earth (PE) connection.
In all installation applications there will be a green-andyellow PE conductor in the

3wire AC supply cable to the 1850 TSS-3 that connects to the product using the long
PE pin on the IEC 60320-1 C14 connector.
The design of product is such that a PE connection will be made to the following parts
of the product:
AC EMI filter module enclosure and 1850 TSS-3 frame
The metal enclosure of the filter module is used to connect the critical (in EMC terms)
Y-grade (line-to-ground) capacitors to earth. There is an internal bond in the filter
module that connects the incoming PE conductor in the AC supply to the filter
enclosure. There is also an internal bond in the filter module that connects the filter
output (equipment) side PE connection to the filter enclosure.
The AC filter module enclosure is bonded to the 1850 TSS-3 enclosure using the
modules 2 screw fixings. This filter fixing solution alone is considered insufficient to
143
make the PE connection from the filter case to the product frame, so the PE terminal on
the filter output side will be bonded to the 1850 TSS-3 structure, using a minimum
2
1.5mm green-and-yellow earth wire connection to a stud or threaded bush in the1850
TSS-3 frame within the equipment.
AC/DC power supply PE and 1850 TSS-3 frame
The AC/DC PSU PE terminal is on the units input connector. The PE terminal on the
PSU connector will be bonded to the 1850 TSS-3 structure using a green-and-yellow
earth wire connection to a stud or threaded bush in the frame within the equipment.
To satisfy the requirements of IEC 60950-1, the size of the 1850 TSS-3 internal fixing
that is used to bond the green-and-yellow PE conductors from the PSU and AC filter to
the metal structure will be 3.5mm diameter thread (stud/pillar type) or 4mm diameter
thread (screw type).
Functional Earthing
In terms of functional earthing of the 1850 TSS-3, the SRPP is a low impedance
equipotential mesh that is the reference for all low voltage side hardware
The meshed SRPP is made up of the 0V copper planes on the circuit pack, all metalwork
on the card such as RF shields, metal connector shells, optical interface SFP cages and
fire enclosure metal barriers and the 1850 TSS-3 metal enclosure.
The power supply output side return conductor for the +12V DC intermediate bus is
part of the SRPP.
To complete the SRPP design, the circuit pack 0V copper planes are multi-point
bonded to the 1850 TSS-3 metal structure using all of the PCBA mechanical fixing
points. Exposed 0V copper is used at each fixing to make the low impedance bond.
The SRPP arrangement is such that transient voltages clamped by secondary protectors
connected line-to-ground (line-to-0V) at copper interfaces, result in transient currents
flowing to the 1850 TSS-3 frame, rather than through card 0V copper planes.
Power estimation
Configuration A Ethernet configurations
Table 32 Power estimation for the 1FX4FE , 1GX4FE1O and 2GX4FE1O variants -Ethernet configurations
2PDH-3 variant PDH E3
Table 33 Power estimation for the 2PDH-3 variant

Power Per Card (W)
Device Type Part Code Qty Total Power 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V
145
About this document
16PDH-1 variant PDH E1
Table 34 Power estimation for the 16PDH-1 variant

RS 232 External UPS Alarm port Interface Definition
This interface is based on UPS vendor APC basic computer interface port definition.
This figure shows the UPS port detail.
147
The interface at the 1850 TSS-3 has been wired for pins 3, 4 and 5 for the UPS, and an
extra 2 (7&8) pins be available for other housekeeping alarms. The other UPS port
connections will not be connected in 1850 TSS-3. The Housekeeping alarms must be
volt-free contacts.
The UPS interface port shall be as follows:
Connector type on 1850 TSS-3:

Standard 9-way D-Sub connector; PCB mounted; right angle; pin contacts; metal shell
grounded by fixings to 0V plane.
Table 35 RS232 AC UPS Interface at UPS port

CONTACT SIGNAL Notes
Safety
Classification
3 SELV
AC Line Normally open, connects to common pin
Fail 4 on AC outage
4 Common SELV
Reference for UPS signals, connects to
0V on 18501850 TSS-3 card
5 UPS Low SELV Normally open, connects to common pin
battery 4 when UPS battery is low
149
18 Reset strategy
The 1850 TSS-3 offers the following reset strategy .

Power on reset is provided by the power hardware on the PCB.
Soft reset this involves reset of software registers this is achieved from a user
interface
A reset button is available on the front panel in order to provide a cold/hard/ power on
reset to the board.
An overview of the reset strategy is shown in Figure 64 Reset Strategy
Figure 64 Reset Strategy
19 Control Interface
Specifications
The 1850 TSS-3 does not require a separate controller card. The system controller is
incorporated within the main system level PCB. The system controller comprises the
following blocks and is summarized in Figure 65 Processor platform
Processor
SDRAM
Flash
151
SDRAM NOR
flash 2MB
External bus NAND flash 64MB
FPGA
FEC SPI
SCC SMC
System Clock Strategy
The 18501850 TSS-3 solution provides only Node timing, i.e. the switch and PHYs
synchronise the traffic using local crystal oscillators. Figure 66 shows the system
clock distribution strategy.
Crystals/oscillators are required for the following clocks

100MHz +/-20ppm (the PDH line rate requirement will be determined by the Ethernet
clock, therefore the 100MHz oscillator must meet the 20ppm spec of the E3 traffic)
1.544MHz +/-25ppm DS1 reference clock
All other clocks are derived.

A25MHz clock is provided by a 100MHz +/-20ppm oscillator.
A 50MHz clock is provided to the uP from the CPLD.
A100MHz clock is distributed to the FPGA and the CPLD.
The CPLD divides down the 100MHz clock to 25MHz, and distribute to the Ethernet
chips through a clock distributor.
The FPGA uses the 100MHz clock as its main traffic clock, and uses it to generate the
required PDH traffic clocks.
A 50MHz clock is distributed from the CPLD to the FPGA and the uP.
The uP uses the system clock to derive the clocks for its interfaces.
153
The CPLD uses the system clock for its uP interface and to derive the clocks for the uP interface
bridges it provides to the other devices, e.g. MDIO for Ethernet blocks, I2C for SFPs and
temperature sensor.
The FPGA uses the uP clock for its uP interface.
20 UDS100 1850 TSS3 Unit Data
Sheet Cross Reference
UDS101 Common PCB

As indicated throughout the document the 1850 TSS-3 uses a common PCB for all
supported configurations. The PCB lay out includes a superset of all thecomponents
required for all supported configurations but only those required for a particular
configuration are fitted on the board to minimize cost to the customer. The board has thus
been sized to potentially house all the components. The PCB area is shown Figure 67
PCB Board Area. The area is such that the board can be placed inside a mechanical
assembly which can subsequently be mounted in a standard 19 telecoms rack.
155
UDS102 1FX4FE variant
Part Number 8DG 23410AAAA
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 1FX4FE
Bar Code
Status Active
FEATURES AND APPLICATION NOTES
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT CIF interface
1xFE SFP optical port NIF
Provide Ethernet Layer 2 functions switching and aggregation
Provides alarming , provisioning, connections
DESCRIPTION
The 1FX4FE variant shown in Figure 68 offers an Ethernet layer 2 solution for use in
Ethernet Media Extender function or Ethernet Demarcation function. The solution offers
layer 2 functions such as Ethernet switching and aggregation in addition to Ethernet
traffic management to achieve desired QOS The solution includes an Ethernet switch
which supports layer 2 functions including MAC leaning and switching, 802.1p, 802.1b,
802.1Q, 802.1ad, 802.1x on the CIF interfaces, 802.3ah on the NIF interfaces, and layer 2
traffic management functions . The aggregated Ethernet uplink is as an optical 1000M
Ethernet signal for direct transport across Ethernet fibre networks. Optical reaches up to
80km can be achieved via 1000BaseZX optical SFPs. The Ethernet optical line signal is
unprotected in this configuration.
157
INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS
The 1FX4FE VARIANT supports connectors and indicators as illustrated in

Figure 68 1FX4FE VARIANT Figure 69 and summarised in Table 36 1FX4FE
VARIANT Connectors and Indicators.
Hardware PCP population 1FX4FE VARIANT CIF 4x10/100 Base-T , NIF 1x100
Base-FX
Power UPS supply Reset alarms craft RJ45 2x1 RJ45 SFP LEDs
Connector/Indicator Function
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet connector
AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains
dependent on the regional deployment
RJ-45 Local/Remote Ethernet Management Access
9 way D type Connector Local Craft Management Access
9 way D type Connector UPS Alarm Monitor
1xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS compliant; 1X100BaseFX SFP

Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange
On -link, off no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with
integrated LEDs Electrical Ethernet port RJ45
connectors include LEDs for link activity and rate.
Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off No link. Orange
Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered
and available to carry traffic
Red LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered
but has detected a fault condition and is not available to
carry traffic
Table 36 1FX4FE VARIANT Connectors and Indicators
159
DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM
Each 1GX4FE1O variant system performs the following functions
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces and 1xSFP client interfaces
100FX/1000BaseT/1000BaseX
1xSFP 100FX NIF optical interface
Supports Ethernet switching and aggregation via a commercial Ethernet layer 2 switch
Provides Ethernet layer 2 functions including layer 2 switching and aggregation, 802.1x on
the client interfaces, 802.1D, 802.1P, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, layer 2 traffic management and QOS
packet classification, flow based queuing, congestion control
Provides aggregation of the client packet traffic to a single aggregated packet stream for
presentation to the optical Ethernet network
Provides provisioning and alarms at the Ethernet layer
Provides performance monitoring at the Ethernet layer
POWER SUBSYSTEM
The card primary input power supply is the +12V DC intermediate bus from the bulk AC or
DC PSU.The +12V bus connection is a simple 2-wire interface with +12V and 0V (12V return)
conductors.
The +12V DC protection is at the feed entry point for this power bus on the card. Protection
takes the form of a high rupture capacity 5Amp fuse and a nominal 18V transient suppressor clamp.
In addition to protecting against card overload faults presented to the +12V bus and any PSU output
overvoltage faults, the arrangement also protects the card against reverse polarity connection of the
+12V DC.
POINT-of-LOAD CONVERTERS
synchronous buck topology step down circuits. All use the +12V DC bus as their input supply.
POLs include 3V3, 2V5, 1V8, 1V5, 1V2

POWER HARDWARE DIAGNOSTICS
All DC rails including the +12V DC shall be monitored to allow detection and alarming of
an out of specification DC voltage level.
A single LV_FAIL signal is produced and transmitted to the processor. When active this
signal indicates that one or more DC rails have a fault.
CLOCK STRATEGY
At this Release the 1850 TSS-3 is fully asynchronous at the node level
Ethernet ports are clocked from local 100M +/-20ppm oscillator
161
UDS102 2GX4FE variant
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 2GX4FE
Bar Code
Status Active

2xGE SFP optical port NIF
Provides Optical Ethernet Line Protection via RSTP
Provides alarming , provisioning, connections,
DESCRIPTION
2GX4FE variant shown in Figure 70 offers an Ethernet layer 2 solution for use in
80km can be achieved via 1000BaseZX optical SFPs. The 2GX4FE VARIANT offers
Ethernet optical line protection via RSTP. The protection switch criteria includes LOS.
The protection switch time is ~500ms.
The 2GX4FE VARIANT configuration supports the following connectors and

indicators as illustrated in Figure 71and summarised in Table 37.
Hardware PCP population 2GX4FE VARIANT CIF 4x10/100 Base-T, NIF 2x1000
Base-SX/LX/ZX
163
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains dependent on the
connector regional deployment
2xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin ,

1xCIF 100FX/1000BaseX/1000BaseT 1x1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP
RoHS compliant
Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange On -link, off no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with integrated LEDs Electrical
Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs for link activity and rate. Green -
On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off No link. Orange Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered and available to carry
traffic
Red LED System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered but has detected a
fault condition and is not available to carry traffic
Table 37 2GX4FE VARIANT Connectors and Indicators
DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM

Each 2GX4FE variant system performs the following functions
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces
2xGESFP optical NIF interfaces
Provides Ethernet layer 2 functions including layer 2 switching and aggregation,
802.1x on the client interfaces, 802.1D, 802.1P, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, layer 2 traffic
management and QOS packet classification, flow based queuing, congestion control
Provides optical Ethernet line Protection via RSTP switches on LOS
POWER SUBSYSTEM
conductors.
+12V DC.
POINT-of-LOAD CONVERTERS

165
CLOCK STRATEGY
UDS103 1GX4FE1O variant
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 1GX4FE1O
Bar Code
Status Active

1xSFP client port which can operate at 100FX/1000BaseT/1000BaseX
DESCRIPTION
The 1GX4FE1O variant shown in Figure 72 offers an Ethernet layer 2 solution for use in
80km can be achieved via 1000BaseZX optical SFPs. The Ethernet optical line signal is
unprotected in this configuration.
The 1GX4FE1O VARIANT configuration supports the following connectors and

indicators as illustrated in Figure 73 and summarised in Table 38 1GX4FE1O
VARIANT Connectors and IndicatorsTable 38.
Hardware PCP population 1GX4FE1O VARIANT CIF 4x10/100 Base-T and 1xGE
(Optical or Electrical) or 100FX, NIF 1x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX
167
Figure 73 Front Panel -Hardware PCP population 1GX4FE1O VARIANT
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains dependent on the
connector regional deployment
2xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS

1xCIF 100FX/1000BaseX/1000BaseT 1X1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP
compliant
Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange On -link, off
no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with integrated LEDs
Electrical Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs for link activity
and rate. Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off No link. Orange
Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered and available to
carry traffic
Red LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered but has detected
a fault condition and is not available to carry traffic
Table 38 1GX4FE1O VARIANT Connectors and Indicators

DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces and 1xSFP client interfaces
100FX/1000BaseT/1000BaseX
1xSFP 1000BaseSX/LX/ZX optical interface
POWER SUBSYSTEM
conductors.
+12V DC.
POINT OF LOAD CONVERTERS

protection. Both of these protection mechanisms have automatic recovery
169
on fault removal. Over temperature shutdown will not activate under any normal
operating condition including extended external ambient temperature operation to
50C.

CLOCK STRATEGY
At this release the 1850 TSS-3 is fully asynchronous at the node level
UDS104 2PDH3 variant
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 2PDH-3
Bar Code
Status Active

Supports up to 2xE3/DS3 NIF channels
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT and 2xGE SFP optical ports
Performs mapping of Ethernet Client Signals via GFP and VCAT to NxDS3/E3 channels
within a single PDH virtual concatenated group where N=1-2
Can be provisioned in 1+1 path protected mode where N =1
Provides DS3/E3 line termination functions
Provides alarming , provisioning, connections, maintenance functions at Ethernet over PDH
at the Ethernet, GFP, VCAT and PDH layers,
DESCRIPTION
The 2PDH-3 variant offers a 2-Port DS3/E3 Ethernet over PDH mapping solution. In
the CIF to NIF direction the solution performs accepts traffic from 4x10/100 BaseT and
2xGE SFP client ports and aggregates to a single Ethernet uplink. The solution includes
an Ethernet switch which supports layer 2 functions including MAC leaning and
switching, 802.1p, 802.1b, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, 802.1x, 802.3ah, and layer 2 traffic
management functions . The aggregated Ethernet uplink is connected to an Ethernet
over PDH mapping block. The mapping block performs Ethernet over PDH
encapsulation via GFP and PDH VCAT. The Ethernet client singles are mapped to a
single virtual concatenation N channel group where N=1-2 for unprotected solutions
and N=1 for protected solutions. The protection mechanism is proprietary and has been
described in section 0. 2PDH-3 variant is shown in Figure 74.
The 2PDH-3 VARIANT configuration supports the following connectors and indicators
as illustrated in Figure 75and summarised in Table 39.
171
Hardware PCP population 2PDH-3 VARIANT-CIF 4x10/100 Base-T and 2xGE (Optical), NIF
2xE3/DS3s
Figure 75 Front Panel -Hardware PCP population 2PDH-3 VARIANT
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet connector AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains dependent
on the regional deployment
2xDual BNC connector-75 Ohms-TH-3 E3/DS3 signal interface connector
2xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS compliant CIF Optical Ethernet Signal Interfaces
Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange On -
link, off no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with integrated
LEDs Electrical Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs
for link activity and rate. Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off
No link. Orange Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered and
available to carry traffic
Red LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered but has
detected a fault condition and is not available to carry traffic
Green LED
PDH LED lit to indicate that all provisioned PDH interfaces are
active and no error condition has been detected not lit if an
error condition is detected on any PDH channel
Green/Yellow LED
PDH LED Lit green to indicate protection is enabled , not lit
to indicate protection is disabled , lit yellow to indicate that the
stadby channel is not available
Table 39 2PDH-3 VARIANT Connectors and Indicators
DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM

Each 2PDH-3 variant system performs the following functions
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces and 2xGESFP optical interfaces
Supports up to 2 unprotected DS3/E3 ports and 1x protected DS1/E1 ports
the client interfaces, 802.3ah on the NIF side, 802.1D, 802.1P, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, layer 2 traffic
management and QOS packet classification, flow based queuing, congestion control
presentation to the Ethernet over PDH mapper function
Provides Ethernet over PDH ( NxDS1/E1) mapping/demapping function.
Mapping/demapping function via GFP and VCAT. One virtually concatenated group of N xDS3/E3
channels where N=1-2 for unprotected connections and N=1 for protected connections
Provides provisioning and alarms at the Ethernet/GFP/VCAT and PDH layers
Provides E3/DS3 line termination functions
Local Craft access via RS232 port
Provides local\remote management access via dedicated RJ-45 10BaseT management
interface
Provides dedicated in band management VLAN
POWER SUBSYSTEM
conductors.
takes the form of a high rupture capacity 5Amp fuse and a nominal
173
18V transient suppressor clamp. In addition to protecting against card overload

faults presented to the +12V bus and any PSU output overvoltage faults, the
arrangement also protects the card against reverse polarity connection of the
+12V DC.

CLOCK STRATEGY
At this release the 1850 TSS-3 is fully asynchronous at the node level
E3/DS3 clocks are derived from the 100M +/-20ppm oscillator via the FPGA
UDS105 16PDH1 variant
Part Number
8DG 23450AAAA
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 16PDH-1
Bar Code
Status Active

Supports up to 16 E1/DS1 NIF channels
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT and 2xGE SFP optical ports
Performs mapping of Ethernet Client Signals via GFP and VCAT to NxDS1/E1 channels
within a single PDH virtual concatenated group where N=1-16
Can be provisioned in 1+1 path protected mode where N =1-8
Provides DS1/E1 line termination functions
Provides alarming , provisioning, connections, maintenance functions at Ethernet over PDH
at the Ethernet, GFP, VCAT and PDH layers
DESCRIPTION
16PDH-1 variant offers a 16-Port DS1/E1 Ethernet over PDH mapping solution. In the
CIF to NIF direction the solution performs accepts traffic from 4x10/100 BaseT and
2xGE SFP client ports and aggregates to a single Ethernet uplink. The solution includes
an Ethernet switch which supports layer 2 functions including MAC leaning and
switching, 802.1p, 802.1b, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, 802.1x, 802.3ah, and layer 2 traffic
management functions . The aggregated Ethernet uplink is connected to an Ethernet over
PDH mapping block. The mapping block performs Ethernet over PDH encapsulation via
GFP and PDH VCAT. The Ethernet client singles are mapped to a single virtual
concatenation N channel group where N=1-16 for unprotected solutions and N=1-8 for
protected solutions. The protection mechanism is proprietary and has been described in
section 0. 16PDH-1 variant is shown in Figure 76 16PDH-1 VARIANT
175
The 16PDH-1 VARIANT supports the following connectors and indicators as
illustrated in Figure 77 and summarised in Table 40.
Hardware PCP population 16PDH-1 VARIANT -CIF 4x10/100 Base-T and 2xGE
(Optical), NIF 16xE1/DS1s
Power UPS supply Reset alarms craft RJ45 2x1 RJ45 SFP D-type LEDs
Figure 77 Front Panel -Hardware PCP population 16PDH-1 VARIANT
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet connector
AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains
dependent on the regional deployment
E1/DS1 signal interface connector
Mini D Ribbon(MDR) connctor, 68-way,Board mount
ShieldedThru-hole Right angle receptacle
2xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS compliant CIF Optical Ethernet Signal Interfaces
Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange On -
link, off no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with integrated
LEDs Electrical Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs
for link activity and rate. Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity,
Off No link. Orange Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered and
available to carry traffic
Red LED System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered but has
Green LED PDH LED lit to indicate that all provisioned PDH interfaces
177
are active and no error condition has been detected

not lit if an error condition is detected on any PDH
channel
Green/Yellow LED PDH LED Lit green to indicate protection is enabled , not lit to indicate protection is
disabled , lit yellow to indicate that the stadby channel
is not available
Table 40 16PDH-1 VARIANT Connectors and Indicators
DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM

Each 16PDH-1 variant system performs the following functions
Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces and 2xGESFP optical interfaces

Supports up to 16 unprotected DS1/E1 ports and 8 protected DS1/E1 ports
the client interfaces, 802.3ah OAM on the NIF side 802.1D, 802.1P, 802.1Q, 802.1ad, layer 2
traffic management and QOS packet classification, flow based queuing, congestion control
presentation to the Ethernet over PDH mapper function
Provides Ethernet over PDH ( NxDS1/E1) mapping/demapping function.
Mapping/demapping function via GFP and VCAT. One virtually concatenated group of N xDS1/E1
channels where N=1-16 for unprotected connections and N=1-8 for protected connections
Provides provisioning and alarms at the Ethernet/GFP/VCAT and PDH layers
Provides E1/DS1 line termination functions
Local Craft access via RS232 port
Provides local\remote management access via dedicated RJ-45 10BaseT management
interface
Provides dedicated in band management VLAN
POWER SUBSYSTEM
conductors.
+12V DC.

Indefinite output overloads and short circuit protection; over temperature shut down
CLOCK STRATEGY
E1 port clocks are derived from the 100M +/-20ppm oscillator via the FPGA
DS1 port clock are derived from a local 1.5M +/-25ppm
179
UDS106 2GX4FE1O variant
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic 2GX4FE ( need to check as per Zhaos spreadsheet)

Bar Code
Status Active

1XSFP client interface 100FX/1000BaseX, 1000BaseT
Provides Optical Ethernet Line Protection via RSTP
DESCRIPTION
2GX4FE1O variant shown in Figure 78 offers an Ethernet layer 2 solution for use in
80km can be achieved via 1000BaseZX optical SFPs. The 2GX4FE VARIANT offers
Ethernet optical line protection via RSTP. The protection switch criteria includes LOS.
The protection switch time is ~500ms.
The 2GX4FE1O VARIANT supports the following connectors and indicators as

illustrated in Figure 79 and summarised in Table 41 2GX4FE1O VARIANT
Connectors and Indicators.
Hardware PCP population 1GX4FE1O VARIANT CIF 4x10/100 Base-T and 1xGE
(Optical or Electrical) or 100FX, NIF 2x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX
.
181
IEC 3-terminal (Class 1) C14 inlet AC power inlet feed cable termination at the mains dependent on
connector the regional deployment
2xPulse SFP connector, 20-pin , RoHS

1xCIF 100FX/1000BaseX/1000BaseT 2x1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP
compliant
Optical Port LEDs
Optical Ethernet ports require separate LEDs. Orange On -link, off
no link
4x RJ-45 CIF 10/100 BaseT Ethernet signal Interfaces with integrated LEDs
Electrical Ethernet port RJ45 connectors include LEDs for link
activity and rate. Green -On -Link, Blink -Activity, Off No link.
Orange Speed ( lit for 10M)
Green LED System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered and available
to carry traffic
Red LED
System Level LED Lit to Indicate System is powered but has
Table 41 2GX4FE1O VARIANT Connectors and Indicators
DATA FLOW SUBSYSTEM

Supports 4x10/100 BaseT client interfaces and 1x SFP (100Fx/1000BaseT/1000BaseX)
2x1000BaseSX/LX/ZX SFP network interfaces
Provides optical Ethernet line Protection via RSTP switches on LOS
POWER SUBSYSTEM
conductors.
+12V DC.

183
CLOCK STRATEGY
UDS107 E1 75 ohm I/O Panel
CLEI
ECI
CPR
Mnemonic B75o16E1
Bar Code
Status Active

16 xtX and16xRx mini BNC 1.0/2.3 75 ohm coaxial connectors
Supports 16xE1 75 ohm 120/75 ohm conversion transformers ( balun)
Interconnection to the 1850 TSS-3 via special designed Mini D Ribbon(MDR) connctor, 68-
way,Board mount ShieldedThru-hole Right angle receptacle
The external I/O panel is shown in Figure 80 E1 120ohm/75 ohm conversion external I/O
panel.
185
RJ-45 Connectors
The RJ-45 connectors used for the 4 x client and 1 x dedicated management Ethernet
ports on all 1850 TSS-3 configurations meet or exceed the IEEE 802.3 standard for
100Base. The RJ-45 connectors are shown in Figure 81. The RJ-45 connectors used have
integrated LEDs. The behaviour of the LEDs is defined in section Visual indications
LEDs0 and UDS-108 of this document.
SFP Connector Cages
The SFP connector cage houses any Small Form Factor ( SFP) connector module
compliant with the SFP Multi Supplier Agreement document. All configurations of the
1850 TSS-3 have SFP connector cages fitted but the number fitted depends on the actual
configuration. The maximum number of SFP ports for any 1850 TSS-3 configuration is 3.
Craft Port D type Connector

Details of the 9 way D connector used for local RS232 craft access are given below.
Figure 82 shows an image of theRS232 craft access port connector. The mechanical
design of the RS232 socket and plug connector is shown in Figure 83. The socket
connector is fitted on all 1850 TSS-3 configurations and the plug connector is provided
with the supplied local craft port management cable.
Figure 82 RS232 Craft Access Port Connector

187
Socket Connector
No. of pos. A 0,76 B 0,25 C

9 31,19 16,46 25,00
Plug Connector
No. of pos. A 0,76 B +0,25 C D 0,30
9 31,19 16,79 25,00 6,12
Figure 83 UPS Alarm Monitoring Port Mechanical Design

Details of the RS232 connector pin assignments are given Figure 84.
Pin No Connected Signal Colour

1 No - Red
2 Yes Rx Blue
3 Yes Tx Yellow
4 No - Green
5 Yes Gnd Brown
6 No - Orange
7 No - Black
8 No - Purple
189
UPS Alarm Monitoring Port Connector

Details of the 9 way D connector used UPS backup power supply alarm monitoring are
given in this section. Figure 85 shows an image of the UPS alarm monitoring connector.
The mechanical design of the UPS socket and plug connector is shown in Figure 86. The
socket connector is fitted on all 1850 TSS-3 configurations and the plug connector is
provided with the cable used to connect the TSS 3 system to an external UPS system.
Socket Connector
No. of pos. A 0,76 B 0,25 C
9 31,19 16,46 25,00

Plug Connector
No. of pos. A 0,76 B +0,25 C D 0,30
9 31,19 16,79 25,00 6,12
Figure 86 UPS Alarm Monitoring Port Mechanical Design

The connector pin out for the UPS alarm monitoring port is given Figure 87.
Figure 87 UPS Alarm Port Pin out detail
Pin No Connected Colour

1 Yes Red
2 Yes Blue
3 Yes Yellow
4 Yes Green
5 Yes Brown
6 Yes Orange
191
7 Yes Black 8 Yes Purple
CONTACT SIGNAL Safety Notes

Classification
3 SELV
AC Line Normally open, connects to common pin
Fail 4 on AC outage
4 Common SELV Reference for UPS signals, connects to
0V on 1850 TSS-3
5 SELV
UPS Low Normally open, connects to common pin
battery 4 when UPS battery is low
Power Connector
A schematic drawing of the IEC C14 AC power connector is shown in Figure 88. This
connector is fitted on all configurations of the 1850 TSS-3 at this release. The 1850 TSS-3
will be supplied with regional specific power cables for regional specific deployment.
Cables are available for deployment in the following regions at this release. The supplied
cables are plugged directly onto the power connector at the NE side and connected to the
plant mains supply at the other end.
North America
Continental Europe
Australia/China
UK and Ireland
16xE1/DS1 Connector
Details of the 16xE1/DS1 connector are given below. One of these connectors is fitted to
the faceplate for 16PDH-1 variant configuration. The line impedance for DS1 signals at
the face plate connector is 100 ohms. The line impedance for E1 signals at the faceplate
connector is 120 ohms. As indicated earlier in this document support for 75 ohm E1
signals can be achieved via an external I/O conversion panel (i.e. balun.
A overview of the 16 channel E1/DS1 connector is given in Figure 89. The 16x
E1/DS1 (120ohm/100 ohm ) connector pin -out is given in Figure 90.
193
E1 75 ohm External Balun Connector
The 75 ohm external I/O panel uses mini BNC (1.0/2.3) connectors. The balun supports
32 individual BNC connectors ( 16xRX and 16xTX). Interconnection to the Network
element is achieved via an 8 port (4 x TX/RX) mini BNC connector as shown in Figure
91. A custom design cable is required for interaction between the NE and external I/O
panel. This custom design cable is available in 0.5 metre (ALC8DG23544AAAA) and 2
metre (8DG23544ABAA) lengths.
4x 8 port mini BNC connectors are required to support the available 16xE1 channels
E3/DS3 BNC Connector

2x dual port 75ohm BNC connectors are fitted to the face plate of 2PDH-3 variant to
achieve the supported 2xE3/DS3 ( 2 x RX and 2 x TX). The Dual port BNC
connectors are shown in Figure 92.
195
UDS108 Face Plate Visual Indicators
The following Face Plate Visual Indicators as detailed in Table 42 Face Plate Visual
Indicators.
Description Interface Status Indication
Orange RJ-45 Indicates rate lit indicates 10M

Green RJ-45 Off link failure On Link ON and Available
Flashing Link active and carrying traffic
Orange SFP
On Link ON and Available Off Link off or Link
fault
Green E3/DS3 (Config 4)
On all provisioned interfaces carrying traffic Off
Fault has been detected at at least one PDH
E1/DS1 ( Config 5) interface

Bi colour Green/Yellow
E3/DS3 (Config 4) Green Protection Enabled Yellow Fault detected at
E1/DS1 ( Config 5) standby link
Red Card Level
Card Fault ( except complete power fail) has been
detected
Green Card Level Card is up and no card level faults have been detected
Table 42 Face Plate Visual Indicators
197

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Alcatel-Lucent 1850 TSS-3

1850 TSS-3 | R1.1

Installation Kits 5 Mounting Brackets 7 Thermal Management 10 Faceplate Overview 10

Local Craft Management 14 Ethernet Out of Band Management Channel 14 In band

Management Applications ............................................................................................. 16

SNMP 17 System Access Via SNMP 19

MontaVista Linux Operating System 25 Linux Device Drivers/Boot Support Package 25

Hardware Abstraction Layer 31

Configuration Management ........................................................................................... 33

Software Image Identifier 34

Contents of a Software Image........................................................................................ 34

Alcatel-Lucent Ethernet Aggregation Counters 47 Parameters 47

Performance Manager Object Dependencies.................................................................48

6 Network Deployment Models 50 7 Network Applications 51

8 Interoperability 54 9 External interfaces specification 56 10 Signal Interfaces 57

Ethernet interfaces 57 PDH interfaces 58

100M Electrical Ethernet Interface................................................................................60

1000BaseSX Optical Ethernet Interface 64 1000BaseLX Optical Ethernet Interface 66

DS1 Interfaces 70 E1 Interfaces 72 DS3 Interfaces 75 E3 Interfaces 77

11 Ethernet Over PDH Mapping 82

GFP Sink Process 88

GFP over PDH ............................................................................................................... 89

Aggregation of PDH Channels Via Virtual Concatenation 90 Ethernet over NxDS3 92

E1/DS1 Copper Path Protection 96

13 Packet Latency and Throughput Calculations 99 Packet

Data plane configuration.............................................................................................. 114

16 802.1x Port based Network Authentication 115

Downstream EAPOL packet flow ............................................................................... 116

Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange........................................................ 116

Data-plane Configuration............................................................................................. 117

Pause Frame Flow Control........................................................................................... 117

802.3ah OAM .............................................................................................................. 118

Global 128 QoS Profile per Service Flow 128

18 System Powering Strategy 129 Powering Architecture Assumptions

AC/DC PSU and AC Entry Filter Module 139

Overview 142 Protective Earthing 143 Functional Earthing 144

Power estimation.......................................................................................................... 145

19 Reset strategy 150 20 Control Interface Specifications 151

21 UDS100 1850 TSS3 Unit Data Sheet Cross Reference 155

RJ-45 Connectors 186

UDS-108 Face Plate Visual Indicators ........................................................................ 196

The chassis is mountable in the configurations listed below

ETSI 600mm Rack Mountable

The chassis will delivered as 6 separate configurations. Each configuration shall be

AlcatelLucent Part Mnemonic/Short Traffic (Customer Side Traffic (NIF Network

8DG 23410AAAA 1FX4FE VARIANT 4x10/100 Base-T 1x100 Base-FX

8DG 23430AAAA 1GX4FE1O 1x1000 Base-SX/LX/ZX

Table 1 1850 TSS Supported Configurations

1AB187280033 OPTO TRX SFP 1.25GBE SX DDM

1AB187280031 OPTO TRX SFP 1.25GBE LX DDM

1AB357990001 OE-TRX SFP 100B FX DET

1AB218020001 EL TRX SFP ETH MULTIRATE RJ45

Feature Unit Measure

Temperature 1/256 oC units ( range -128, 128)

Power Supply Voltage 100V units ( range 0,6.5V)

Transmitter Laser bias current A

Transmitter Output Power mW

Receiver Output Power mW

Table 3 SFP Supported Digital Diagnostics

Installation Kit Part Code

KIT1850 TSS3 INSTALLATION

KIT-INSTALLATION ETSI (1U) ALC-8DG23510ABAA

KIT-INSTALLATION Wallmounting (1U) ALC-8DG23510ACAA

CA-AC Power Supply_China/Australia ALC8DG23540AAAA