UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

College of Engineering
ECE Department

TELEPHONY AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

NEC 512-1EC
Experiment No. 5

BATTERY FEED POWER SUPPLY

Submitted by:

MAGTAGOB, IVY T.
2013-01-25778

Submitted to:

ENGR. EDELITO HANDIG

Professor
INTRODUCTION:

The term "outside line" refers to a direct connection to the telephone line outside
of the building, also referred to as an "analog line", or "POTS line" (Plain Old Telephone
Service), in other words a standard residence type phone line. The POTS line is the line
you will need for your remote broadcast console, telephone hybrid, analog telephone,
cordless telephone, fax machine, or modem. The POTS line consists of two wires called
tip and ring. These two wires provide DC current to power the telephone electronics, AC
current to ring the telephone bell or electronic ringer, and a full duplex balanced voice
path.

This is a closed loop, balanced system not referenced to earth ground. The POTS
phone line, with all phones on-hook, should measure around 48 volts DC. Taking a phone
off-hook creates a DC signal path across the pair, which is detected as loop current back
at the central office. This drops the voltage measured at the phone down to about 3 to 9
volts. An off-hook telephone typically draws about 15 to 20 milliamps of DC current to
operate, at a DC resistance around 180 ohms. The remaining voltage drop occurs over
the copper wire path and over the telephone company circuits. These circuits provide
from 200 to 400 ohms of series resistance to protect from short circuits and decouple the
audio signals.
DISCSUSSION:

In this laboratory experiment, our goal is to measure the DC loop current and the
DC voltage across the telephone line, calculate the current-limiting resistors and to
observe the effect of the telephone line resistance. The telephony training module, model
9431, was used to perform this experiment.

We set up first the central office just like we did on the previous experiment. Then,
we are now going to measure the DC loop current and voltage across the telephone line.
First, we connect the oscilloscope probe 1 to TP1. It observe the voltage across the
telephone line connected to analog line interface A and make sure that the resistance to
600. Then make necessary adjustments on the oscilloscope settings to display the
output waveform. The telephone set A is in on-hook state and the output display is a DC
current with a DC voltage of -45V with 0mA DC loop current. This DC voltage appears
between the tip and ring connections of the telephone set because the battery feed circuit
in the central office connected to the telephone line through the line interface. When the
telephone set A is in off-hook, there is a DC current flowing through the telephone line
with a measured value of 36mA. The DC current that flows in the telephone line is
automatically detected by the line interface in the central office, and interpreted as a
service request. We also observed that the DC voltage across the telephone line
decreases to -7.48V because of current-limiting resistors in the line interface and the
telephone resistance. We also calculate the equivalent resistance (R T ) of a telephone set
A by simply using the Ohms law equation with 36mA DC loop current and 7.48V DC
voltage across the telephone line and the calculated value is R T is 207.78 . Then we
calculate also the total resistance and the current-limiting resistors of analog line interface
A using the 36mA DC loop current and the 37.52 DC voltage across the telephone line
by ohms law equation and we get 1042.22 . Lastly we are going to observe the effect
of the telephone line resistance. As we increase the resistance of the telephone line
connected to analog line interface A, the DC loop current decreases.
CONCLUSION:

We therefore conclude that a DC voltage appears between the tip and ring
connections of telephone set when it is in on-hook state. This DC voltage comes from a
battery feed circuit in the central office connected to the telephone line through the line
interface. When the telephone set is in off-hook, the DC current loop starts to flow
because the switchhook contacts close. The DC current that flows in the telephone line
is automatically detected by the line interface in the central office, and interpreted as a
service request and the DC voltage decreases because of the current-limiting resistors.