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FUNCTIONAL LEVELS:
Domain Function levels: 1) mixed mode:- domain which is running windows NT,003,
2000 server operating systems this kind of mode called mixed mode.
2) Interim mode: - in this mode we can upgrade Win NT to win2003 operating system.
3) Native mode: - the domain which is running 2003, 2000 server operating systems.
4) 2003 mode: - the domain which is running all operating systems 2003 server
operating system.
DIRECTORY SERVICES:
X.500 and Directory Access protocol (DAP):-It is defines how global directories should be
structured. It specifies the use of DAP to provide communication between clients and directory
servers.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP):- The primary access protocol for active
directory. LDAP is an industry-standard protocol, established by the internet engineering task
force (IETF) that allows users to query and update information in a directory service. Active
Directory supports both LDAP version 2 and LDAP version 3.
86. What are the Minimum required for the Installing DHCP Server?
Before you install a DHCP server, you should identify the following:
1. The hardware and storage requirements for the DHCP server.
2. Which computers you can immediately configure as DHCP clients for dynamic
TCP/IP configuration and which computers you should manually configure with
static TCP/IP configuration parameters, including static IP addresses.
90. How to move the DHCP server database one computer to another computer?
1. Stop the Microsoft DHCP service on the current computer.
2. Copy the \system32\dhcp directory to the new computer that has been configured as
a DHCP server.
Make sure the new directory is under exactly is under the same drive letter and path
as on the old computer. If you must copy the files to a different directory, copy
DHCP.MDB, but do not copy the .log or .chk files.
3. Start the Microsoft DHCP service on the new computer. The service automatically
starts using the .mdb and. log files copied from the old computer.
91. Describe the integration of DHCP and DNS?
A DHCP server can enable dynamic updates in DNS name space for any DHCP
clients that support these updates. Scope clients can then use DNS with dynamic updates.
Scope clients can then use DNS with dynamic updates to update their computer name-to-IP
address mapping information whenever changes occur to their DHCP- assigned address.
93. What tool do you use to manage DHCP servers in Windows 2003?
The primary tool that you use to manage DHCP servers is DHCP Manager, which is
a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) component.
96. Describe the differences among primary, secondary, and master name servers?
A primary name server has zone information in locally maintained zone files. A
secondary name server downloads zone information. A maser name server is the source of the
downloads for a secondary name server (which could be a primary or secondary name server).
100. List the files required for a windows 2000 DNS implementation?
Database file, cache file, and reverse lookup file.
102. What benefits d DNS clients obtain from the dynamic update feature of
Windows 2003?
Dynamic update enables DNS client computers to register and dynamically update
their resource records with a DNS server whenever changes occur. This reduces the need for
manual administration of zone records, especially for clients that frequently move or change
locations and use DHCP to obtain an IP address.
116. What is an operating system? List the basic functions of an operating system?
The operating system is a software program that controls the processing and
hardware associated with a computer. The operating system is the first piece of software loaded
into memory when a computer starts. It is the operating system that launches or starts other
software programs such as word processors, spreadsheets, databases, etc. The operating system
manages all of the resources on the computer; it controls all the hardware in a machine.
Manage all programs and resources; handle I/O, security, memory management, storage
management, etc., are the important functions of an OS.
117. Whats the difference between Windows 2000 and Windows XP?
1. Windows XP has higher system requirements but somewhat faster than windows
2000.
2. XP has more colorful GUI than earlier versions and we can switch back to 2000 like
classing interface.
3. Windows XP has more features, such as the Windows movie Maker, built-in CD
writer support, the Internet Connection Firewall, and Remote Desktop Connection.
4. Windows XP has better support for games and multimedia.
5. Windows XP has product activation.
6. Switching between different users sessions with out logging of.
7. We have the option of using simple file sharing or file permissions at an NTFS
drive.
119. User(s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do?
1. Check whether this is network-wide problem or system specific.
2. Make sure you dont have many programs running in the background, particularly
ones that use an internet connection. File sharing programs can often cause extreme
slowness.
3. Delete any temporary Internet files and make sure the cache sizes are set correctly.
4. Bad connections are sometimes caused by faulty cables. Try a different cable.
5. Run a virus scan. Viruses often run in the background and use up tons of resources.
124. What is the difference between software RAID and hardware RAID?
Hardware RAID is typically easier to manage, maintain, and upgrade. Software
RAID does not allow many advanced RAID features like online Capacity Expansion nor does
software RAID allow pre-notification of disk drive failure, auto rebuild, or hot-pluggable hard
disk drives.
HARDWARE
1. What is Processor/CPU?
The central Processing unit is the brain of the computer. All actions performed by
the computer are the result of the CPU. The CPU comes in many different types, sizes, and
speeds and is contained on the system Board in a variety of attachments.
2. What is Memory?
There are two types of memory in a computer. RAM or Random Access Memory is
the computer short-term memory. Any time a program or document is opened, it is copied into
the computer assists in determining the speed and capabilities of a computer. The second type
of memory is ROM or Read Only Memory. ROM is the computer long-term memory. ROM
contains instructions for the computer that cannot be changed.
3. What is Modem?
Modem is the acronym for modulator/demodulator, and is the device necessary to
connect to the internet through the use of a telephone line. A Modem is the translator of digital
to analog signals, which enables the computer to send and receive information through the
telephone line. Modems may be internal or external.
4. What is Firmware?
Any type of software that is stored in the Read Only Memory area of a computer is
considered Firmware. Firmware is sometimes distributed for printers and modems.
5. What is BIOS?
BIOS are the acronym for Basic Input/Output System. The BIOS is the translator
between the computers hardware and the Operating system. The BIOS also contains the
necessary instructions used to start the computer. BIOS information is stored in ROM.
6. What is CMOS?
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, otherwise known as the CMOS
contains the configuration information of a computer. CMOS information is stored in a
nonvolatile area of memory. CMOS information is so important to a computer that is backed
up by a small battery when the computer is turned off. The CMOS contains information such
as how many and what type of storage devices a computer contains, and the storage device
boot order.
7. IRQ NUMBERS
IRQ Number Device
0 System Timer
1 Keyboard
2 Cascade to IRQ 9
3 COM 2 and COM 4
4 Com 1 and COM 3
5 Sound card
6 Floppy Disk
controller
7 Parallel Port-LPT 1
8 Real Time Clock
ITC is offering a solution for faculty and staff that makes maintaining the operating system patches
on multiple Windows machines much simpler and easier. The service is based on a Microsoft
product called Software Update Server (SUS). With this service, patches are tested and, once
approved, are automatically distributed to all the machines utilizing the service. This alleviates the
need to touch each machine individually and ensures that all of your machines are as up to date as
possible.
The service works on Windows 2000 and XP only. It does not work on 95, 98, ME, or NT 4. If
you are running one of the unsupported OS's, you should set the Automatic Updates applet up
yourself. It will accomplish basically the same function.
When new patches are released by Microsoft, they are tested on the 2000 and XP Premium
Desktop images. All commonly used applications are run to be sure the patches didn't break
anything. Once all images have been tested, patches are then released to members of the ITC
Windows Patch Service.
What is SUS?
It is Microsoft Software Update Server, and it is designed to automate the process of distributing
Windows operating system patches.
It works by controlling the Automatic Updates applet already present on all Windows machines.
Instead of many machines at UVA all going to Microsoft's website to download updates, the SUS
server downloads all updates to an ITC-owned server and workstations then look there for updates.
Currently (1/04), SUS works with Windows XP, 2000, and 2003 Server. It does not update
Office, Exchange, or SQL.
How do I join?
If you are already in Eservices, getting added is quick and simple. All we need is your machine
name.
Note: You can find your machine name by clicking on Start | Settings | Control Panel. Open the
System applet and click on the Computer Name tab.
If you are not in Eservices and you don't have a Windows 2000/2003 domain already, the
University will purchase your Client Access Licenses so you may join Eservices to take advantage
of this service. Detailed instructions on joining your computer to the domain can be found here.
If you already have a 2000/2003 domain, ITC will help you set up a SUS policy in your domain
which points to the ITC SUS server.
Technical details:
Your machine account in Eservices is moved into an Organization Unit, which applies a policy to
your machine. The policy controls the Automatic Updates applet so that it pulls updates from
ITC's SUS server at the specified time. Once your machine is added to the OU, you can no longer
make changes to the Automatic Updates configuration.
Sus Behavior
- The Automatic Updates applet in Control Panel becomes grayed out and is no longer
controllable by the user
- The user may see the automatic updates icon appear in the system tray.
o Once it does appear, they can choose to ignore it or to go ahead and install the
updates.
A dialog box will pop up, giving any active users 5 minutes to decline the
installation of patches. If no buttons are pressed, installation proceeds after
5 minutes and the machine is rebooted if necessary.
- If the machine was off at 3:00AM, the user will be prompted to install patches 1 minute
after their machine boots the next time (if they are logged in).
At that time, they have the choice of installing the patches or refusing.
If the user was not logged in after the system had been booted for 1 minute,
the patches will install automatically and the machine will reboot as long as
no one is logged in.
If someone logs in during the install, they will be prompted to reboot once
installation is completed. They will be given the option to reboot now or
postpone until a convenient time.