Basic data regarding soil shear strength

a. For cohesive soils.

qu = N / 7.50 kg/cm2

c = qu / 2 kg/cm2
or
c = N / 15 kg/cm2

Where
c = Shear strength of soil
N = No of blows from SPT test
qu = Unconfined compressive strength

b. For cohesionless soils .

For cohesionless soil corrections in N values shall be use

as per graph given in IS:2131-1981

Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) in kn/m3

ksf = 0.65 x Es Es x B4 .. Vesic equation

1- M2 Eb x I

Where
Eb = Modulus of elasticity of footing material in kn/cum
Es = Modulus of elsticity of soil in kn/cum
I = Moment of inertia of footing in m4
M = Poisson's ratio for soil

Rigidity of members resting on soil

a. Member is rigid if, L < / 4

b. Member is intermidiate if , / 4 < L<
c. Member is flexible if , L<

1/4
where , = ksf x B
4Eb x I

B = Width of footing
Data
Width of section = 3000
Depth of section = 500
Total design moment = 30.7
Grade of concrete = 25
Grade of reinforcement steel = 415
Permissible stress in concrete, bending compression = 8.5
Clear cover at tension face = 50
Clear cover at compression face = 50
Effective depth for tension side = 442
Effective depth for compression face = 442

Reinforcement calculation
Dia-1 No Dia-2 No Area of steel
Compression 16 4 12 2 1029.92
Tension 16 15 12 0 3014.4

Section parameters
Modular ratio (m) m = 280
3 cbc
= 18.667

Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000

Compression face
58 50

500

192.27
acr
58 50
Tension face
3000

Depth of neutral axis (under reinforced section)

1/2

Neutral axis x = (m x Ast) 2

+ 2xmxAstxd - m x Ast
(b)2 b b

1/2

= 351.7975 + 16580.5397 - 18.756

= 130.1243 - 18.756
= 111.3680 mm

Lever arm z = d- x/3

 = 404.88 mm

Stress in steel at level of reinforcement bar

st = M
z x Ast
= 251.544 N/mm2

Strain in steel
s = st
Es
= 0.001257720

Strain in steel,calculated ignoring the stiffness of concrete in tension zone

1 = D-x x s
d-x

= 0.0014783516

Average strain at the level where the cracking is being considered

m = 1 - b (D-x) 2
3x EsxAstx(d-x)

= 0.0014783516 - 0.00075771
= 0.0007206446

Minimum cover to tension steel

Cm = 50

Distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar

acr = (d1)2 +
(d2)2 -
8

= 36966.471111 +
2500 - 8

= 190.66170016 mm

Design surface crack width

3 x acr x m
W max = 1+ 2(acr-cm)
(h-x)

= 0.4121979618
1.7238812941
= 0.2391104093 mm safe