Name ________________________________ Per_____

2.1 Angle Relationships in Parallel Lines

Vocabulary
Parallel lines Skew lines

Perpendicular lines Transversal

Example 1:
1. 2.

Fill in the blank with parallel, perpendicular, or skew Fill in the blank with parallel, perpendicular, or skew.
(b) is ________ to . (c) is __________to . (b) is _________ to . (c) is __________to .

ANGLE PAIRS in two lines cut by a transversal

Corresponding angles Consecutive (same side) interior angles
corresponding same side
positions. between the two lines

Alternate interior angles Alternate exterior angles

alternate sides alternate sides

between the two lines outside the two lines

Other angle relationships that you will need to remember

Vertical angles Linear Pair

opposite s with the adjacent s that make

same vertex a straight line

1
Example 2: Classify the pair of numbered angles.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5 7
6
8

5. Identify the relationship between each pair of angles, if 6. Identify all pairs of the following angles.
any. b. Alternate interior angles

3 4
2 6 5 c. Consecutive interior angles
1
7
8
d. Alternate exterior angles
1) 1 and 7 4) 3 and 8
e. Vertical Angles
a. Corresponding angles
2) 4 and 6 5) 3 and 5

f. Linear Pairs
3) 8 and 7 6) 2 and 4

WHEN LINES ARE PARALLEL! (magic happensHARRY POTTER!)

Corresponding Angles Postulate
If two parallel lines are cut by a 1 a Statements Reasons
transversal, then pairs of
b 1. 1.
2
corresponding angles
a____________. 2. ____ ____ 2.

Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a a
Statements Reasons
transversal, then pairs of 3
4 b 1. 1.
alternate interior angles are
2. ____ ____ 2.
_______________.

Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a 5 a Statements Reasons
transversal, then pairs of alternate b 1. 1.
exterior angles are __________. 6 2. ____ ____ 2.

Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a a Statements Reasons
transversal, then pairs of consecutive 7 1. 1.
8 b
interior angles are 2. ___ & ___ are supp. 2.
____________________. 3. 3.

2
Example 3: Use the diagram below to find the angle measures. Explain your reasoning.
1. If the what is 2. If the what is 3. If the what is the
the the

4. If the what is the 5. If the what is the 6. If the what is

the

Example 4: Finding all the angle measures.

If and , find the measures of all the angles formed by DO YOU NOTICE A
the parallel lines cut by the transversal.
PATTERN???? Describe it!

p

THE HARRY POTTER SCAR! B

1. Mark any angle with a dot D

2. Find its vertical and mark it with a dot A
3. Copy the same dot pattern on the other parallel
4. Connect the dots

If they both have a dot or are both blank (SAME) _____________

F
If one has a dot and the other it blank (DIFFERENT) _____________

Example 5: If , are the angles congruent or supplementary?

D B 1. and 2. and 2. and

F H G 3. and 4. and 5. and

E
C A

Example 6: Solve for x and explain your reasoning.

1. 2.

3
 2.2 Converses
Vocabulary
Conditional Statement
Ex: If you have visited the statue of Liberty, then you have been to New York.
Converse

Ex:

Example 1: Write the converse of the given statement.

1. If an animal has wings, then it can fly.

2. If you are student, then you have a student I.D. card.

3. All sharks have a boneless skeleton.

4. All police officers eat donuts.

Example 2: (a) Write the converse of the true statement. (b)Then decide whether the converse is true
or false. If false, provide a counterexample.
1. If an animal is an owl, then it is also a bird. 2. If two lines form right angles, then they are
perpendicular.

3. If an angle measures 130, then it is obtuse. 4. If two angles are adjacent, then they are congruent.

Checkpoint
1. Find
E a counterexample to the statement
E
below. E
If two angles are supplementary, then they are formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
E

a. b. B c. B d. B
1 B
A A A
1 1 2 1 A
D D D
2 2 2

F F
F F
2. Write the converse of the statement below. Then determine whether each statement is true or false. If false, give a
counterexample.

Conditional Statement: If two angles are right angles, then they are congruent. T or F

Converse:____________________________________________________ T or F

4
2.3 Parallel & Perpendicular Lines
Example 1: Solve for x and explain your reasoning.
1. 2. 3.

4.
(4x 8)

(3x + 10) (11x + 2y)

Baby Proofs M
M
1. Given: ; 2. Given: ;
a
Prove: 1 J Prove:
a
I b 3
L K J
2
K b
4
L
N N

3. Given: ; 4. Given: ;
Prove: Prove:

5
MORE PROOFS
1. Given: ; Statements Reasons
1. ; 1.
Prove:

1 m

2 n

2. Given: ; Statements Reasons

1. ; 1.
Prove:

3 4

m n

3. Given: Statements Reasons

1. 1.

Prove:

4. Given: ; Statements Reasons

1. , 1.
Prove:

1
3 2 m
n
r s

6
PERPENDICULAR LINES So if two adjacent angles are
Two lines that form four formed by lines, then they
m
________ ________. are_______________.
n

Example 2: Perpendicular Lines

1. a. Given , complete the sentence using your new vocabulary.

is a _________angle, because the definition of______________________. V

b. If and the find the value of x. Explain. T

R
S

2. If , solve for x and y. Explain.

P
F 4x-2

5x+11 E
N y O

Q G

LETS KEEP PRACTICING THOSE ANGLE NAMES!

Name the angle pair. Then state if they are congruent or supplementary.
a. e.

b. f.

c. g.

d. h.

7
2.4 Perpendicular lines + Proofs
PERPENDICULAR LINES in proof Statements Reasons

Given: 1. 1.
1
m 2. 2.
_________ _________ _________ n 3. 3.

RIGHT ANGLES CONGRUENCE THEOREM

a
Statements Reasons
All right angles are ___________.
4x-2 1. 1.
5x+11 1 2 b 2. 2.
y

_________ _________ _________ 3. 3.

Example 2: Using Perpendicular lines in a proof.

1. Given: , Statements Reasons

Prove: 1. , 1.

2. is a right angle 2.
K
3. 3.
P
4. 4. Angle Addition Postulate

A T 5. 5.
6. 6.

3. Given: ; Statements Reasons

1. ; 1.
Prove:

A D

B C

PROVING LINES PARALLEL

**REMEMBER: Magic happens only if the lines are parallel, so
You can use angle measures to PROVE lines are parallel!
When to use the CONVERSE!!!
a ||b ______________________________

a ||b ______________________________

8
 Example#1: Determine whether each set of lines are parallel or not. Explain!
a) b) c) d)

111

O a AI
PROOFS
M
R
1. Given: 2. Given: ; m
Prove: 1 Prove: 12 1 b 3
2 P
4 n
a b
Q 2 N

P
N
AJ

2. Given: ; Statements Reasons

R AI 1. ; 1.
Prove:
c
1 3
P
d 4
2 N

Q
3. Given : 10 9 ; Statements Reasons
AJ , 1. 10 9 ; , 1.

Prove:

9 1 2 a
4 3
5 6 b
10 8 7

2. Given: and are Statements Reasons

supplementary, 1. and are supplementary, m 1.
m
Prove: m

1 9
a 10 3 2
b 5 6 4
8 7

9
 Remember
Transitive Property If a = b and b =c, then _______________
this???

3. Given: , , Statements Reasons

1. , , 1.
Prove:

5 3

6
2

PERPENDICULAR TRANSVERSAL THEOREM m n

Statements Reasons t
If and ,
1. ; 1. given
then __________
2. 2.

Proofs
4. Given: , , Statement Reason
1. , , 1. Given
Prove:
2 1
2. 2.
s
3 4 3. 3.
6 5
h 4. 4.
7 8
k g

5. Given: , , Statement Reason

1. , , 1.
Prove:

f g
3 1
2 4 m
7 5
6 8
n

6. Given: m || n; Statement Reason

Prove: 1. 1.

3
4 m
5
n

10
2.5 Review + Multiple Choice
1. In the diagram line r is parallel to line s. Which of the 2. Given: line t || line s and neither is perpendicular to line
following statements must be true? g. Which of the following statements is false?
t s
A. m3 m5 2 1 A. m2 m5 180
5 6 g
3 r
3
B. m5 m4 B. m1 m7 1 7 8
5 2 4
4
C. m2 m3 180 s C. m3 m5 180
6
D. m2 m4 D. m2 m3

3. In the diagram and mYRH 100 . Which of 4. Based on the diagram, which theorem or postulate would
the following conclusions does not have to be true? support the statement mRIP mSMY ?

A. Alternate Exterior
Angles Theorem
A. mMHF 100 B. Alternate Interior
B. mRHM 80 Angles Theorem
C. SRT and MHF are alternate exterior angles C. Consecutive Interior
D. SRY and RHV are alternate interior angles Angles Theorem
D. Corresponding Postulate

5. In the diagram below, . Which of the following 6. Which type of angles are a counterexample to the
must be true? conjecture below?
r
A. 1 s If two lines are parallel, then each pair of angles are
A A
2 5 6 7 supplementary.
B. 4 3
8 1 2
t A. C 3 D
C.
B. 4
D. C.
D.

7. In the diagram to the right, and then 8. In the diagram below,

B . Which of
which angles are congruent? B
the following does not have to be true?
r
A. , A. s
1
B. , B. 2 5 6 7
4 3
8
C. C. t
D. , D.

9. Allison wanted to solve for , so she set up the equation 10. In the diagram below, which pair of angles are alternate
. What would her interior angles? H
J S
reasoning be?
A. and V R
If two parallel lines are intersected by
a transversal, then B. and M
T K
A. linear pairs are supplementary. C. and
B. corresponding angles are supplementary. G
X L
C. alternate interior angles are congruent. D. and Y
D. consecutive (same-side) interior angles are supplementary.

11
11. Use the diagram to determine which of the pair of 12. To solve for x in the diagram below, Betty used the
angles is alternate exterior angles. equation .

a b Betty can justify her

A. 1 and 15
equation by the
B. 9 and 15 1 2 m following statement:
3 4
6 5 8 7
C. 4 and 11
9 10 11 12 n If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then ...
D. 2 and 8 14 13 16 15
A. alternate interior angles are congruent.
B. alternate exterior angles are congruent.
C. corresponding angles are congruent.
D. consecutive interior angles are supplementary.
13. Use the diagram to determine which of the pair of 14. Use the diagram to determine which of the pair of
angles is corresponding angles. a b
angles is consecutive interior angles.
a b
A. 2 and 10 A. 3 and 11
1 2 m
B. 8 and 11 6 5
3 4
8 7 B. 13 and 16 1 2 3 4 m
6 5 8 7
C. 4 and 10 C. 9 and 13
D. 10 and 12 9 10 11 12 n D. 10 and 13 9 10 11 12 n
14 13 16 15 14 13 16 15

EXTRA PRACTICE
1. Given: , Statements Reasons
1. , , 1.
,
Prove:

m
1
l 4 3
1 2 6 7
1 5 8

n p
1 1

2. Solve for x and y. Explain your reasoning for each equation you set up!

(14x 22)
(2x + 5y)
(11x + 14)

12
2.5 Perimeter & Area
Formulas for Perimeter (P), Area (A), and Circumference (C)
Rectangle or Square Triangle

P = _________ P = ______________

A = _____ A = _______

b = ________, h = ________ b = ________, h = ________

Circle
**NOTE**
Height is always _______________ to the base
C = _______
Perimeter, Circumference:
A = _______
_______ units (Ex: )
r = __________ = __________
Area:

Example 1: Find perimeter, circumference, and area

1. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle. 2. Find the circumference and area of the circle. Leave
your answers in terms of .

3. Find the perimeter and area of the figure. 4. Find the perimeter and area of the figure.

10 yd

5. Find the area and circumference of the circle inscribed in 6. Find the perimeter and area of the figure.
the square.

15 yd

12 yd

13
 AREA ON A COORDINATE PLANE (2 methods)
Count the units Subtract values
(4, 10)

(4, 2) (13, 2)

Example 2: Find the area of the figure shown.

1. 2.
(2, 10) (10, 10)
(13, 12)

(2, 4) (13, 4)
(2, 3) (10, 3)

3. 4.
(4, 7) (9, 7)
(7,7)

(1, 2) (5, 2) (4, -3) (9, -3)

Example 3: Find unknown length

1. The base of a triangle is 12 feet. Its area is 36 2. The area of a rectangle is 243 square meters. The rectangle is three
square feet. Find the height of the triangle. times its width. Find the length and width of the rectangle.

3. The perimeter of a square is 128 inches. 4. The circumference of a circle is 14 centimeters. Find
a. Find the length of one side of the square. the area of the circle.

b. Then find the area of the square.

14
SPIRAL REVIEW
I. Points, Lines, Planes
Collinear: Use the diagram below. a. Name a point that is collinear with C, S, and P.

b. Name a point that is coplanar with A, C, and

D.

c. Circle the correct set of 3 collinear points.

Coplanar: B, K, L K, M, L
P, I, L G, S, C

d. Circle the correct set of 4 coplanar points.

G, O, J, P K, I, J, F
L, C, I, O A, C, S, C
II. Addition Postulates
1. A is between H and T. If HA = , 2. If , and
AT = , and HT=35, solve for x and explain. find and explain.

EXTRA PROOF PRACTICE

1. Given: ; 2. Given:
and
are complementary
Prove: Prove:

15
 2.7 Composite Area
PARTIALLY SHADED FULLY SHADED

= = +

Arearegion = Areashaded Areaunshaded Arearegion = Areashaded + Areashaded

Example 1: Fins the area of the shaded region.

1. Find the area of the shaded region. 2. Find the area of the shaded region. (Round to the tenths)
18 in
8m
6 in
4 in 8m

3. Find the area of the shaded region 4. Find the area of the shaded region

6 yd 2 cm

11 cm
6 yd

5. Find the area of the figure below comprised of a 6. Find the area of the figure below comprised of a square
rectangle and a semicircle. and a right triangle.

16
Example 2: Composite figures
1. Find the area and perimeter of the figure below if all line 2. Find the area and perimeter of the figure below if all line
segments meet at right angles. (Figure not drawn to scale) segments meet at right angles. (Figure not drawn to scale)

SPIRAL REVIEW
For every 90 1 quadrant over
Rotations Switch #s
1. If is rotated 90 2. If is rotated 180 3. If then what are the
counterclockwise about the origin, clockwise about the origin, then coordinates of its image after a
then what would be the coordinates what are the coordinates of its rotation 90 clockwise about the
of the new point? image? origin?

Translations
1. If translates to then is 2. If translates to then is
translated to what point? translated to what point?

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!

1. In the figure, and are intersected by . 2. You are planting grass on a rectangular plot of land. You are also
and which of the following angles are building a fence around the edge of the plot. The plot is 45 yards
known as corresponding angles? long and 30 yards wide. How much area do you need to cover
K with grass s eed? How many yards of fencing do you need?
A.
H
1 2 B.
3
N
G
4
C. J
M
D. I
L
3. Solve for x and explain your reasoning.

17
4. K a. Write an equation that can be used to find the value of x and justify your
equation.

H
6x+8 b. Find the value of x.

7x-12 3x-8 H

c. Find the measure of one of the acute angles.

L
5. Find the area of the triangle formed by the 6. a) Write the converse of the statement.
coordinates and .
If two angles formed by parallel line cut by a
transversal are corresponding angles, then they are
congruent.

b) Is the converse true or false? If false, give a

counterexample.

2. Given:
and
are complementary
Prove:

3. Given: ,
Prove:
a

2
b
3 6
4 5 7 10
8 9
r
s
18
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