The Chemistry of Love

The Chemistry
of
Portia Mahal Sabido,Ph.D.

Institute of Chemistry
2/10/2011 2
February
2010
2/10/2011 3
2/10/2011 4
www.humanchemistry.net/
2/10/2011 5
Jan 2008
January 13, 2008
Outline:TodaysTalk
What is Love?
Why We Love?
Our First Look at Love
Stages of Love
Chemistry in Each Stage
What makes us Fall In Love?
Summary
2/10/2011 6
What is Love?
2/10/2011 7
2/10/2011 8
2/10/2011 9
Why We Love?
Propagation of species
2/10/2011 10
Principal job:
conceive
offspring
bring them to
adulthood
2/10/2011 11
Our First
Experience
of Love
Pattern
2/10/2011 13
1 Min Gen Chem
Pattern
2/10/2011 14
1 Min Gen Chem
2/10/2011 15
1-Min Gen Chem
2/10/2011 16
1-Min Organic Chem
2/10/2011 17
1-Minute Biochemistry
Signal
2/10/2011 18
Major Endocrine Organs
hormones
2/10/2011 19
Nervous
System
Central
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System
2/10/2011 20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system
Nervous System
Neurotransmitters
Antagonist
Agonist
Neuroscience
2/10/2011 for Kids: 21
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chnt1.html
Our First
Experience
of Love
After This. . .
2/10/2011 23
2/10/2011 24
2/10/2011 25
Oxytocin
From
pituitary
gland
2/10/2011 26
Oxytocin
From
pituitary
gland
Associated With:
uterine
contractions
during labor in
childbirth
2/10/2011 27
+
H3N Cys Tyr Ile
Oxytocin S Gln
S Cys Asn O
From
pituitary Pro Leu Gly C NH2
gland
Associated With:
uterine
contractions
during labor in
childbirth
2/10/2011
I just made this for you,
28
its oxytocin!
Medical Drugs
To induce labor :
Pitocin and Syntocinon
Oxytocin
To Suppress Premature Labor
Tractocile
Antagonist of Oxytocin
2/10/2011 29
Oxytocin
mother/infant
bonding
"let down"
reflex
necessary for
breastfeeding
16th
2/10/2011century Italian painting by Solario 30
entitled The Virgin with the Green Cushion.

2/10/2011 31
2/10/2011 32
http://www.rkliedtke.de/oxytocin2_us.html
The Hug Drug

A 20 second
hug is said
to release
the love
drug
Oxytocin
that bonds
humans at a
chemical
level.
2/10/2011 33
msbehaviour.blogspot.com/2007/03/can-oxytocin...
Low Oxytocin
Diane Witt, assistant
professor of psychology
from New York has showed
that if you block the
natural release of oxytocin
in sheep and rats, they
reject their own young.
2/10/2011 34
http://www.youramazingbrain.org.uk/lovesex/sciencelove.htm
Adopt A Child
Conversely, injecting oxytocin

into female rats whove never
had sex, caused them to fawn
over another females young,
nuzzling the pups and
protecting them as if they were
their own.
http://www.youramazingbrain.org.uk/lovesex/sciencelove.htm
2/10/2011 35
Effects of Oxytocin
2/10/2011 36
intranasal administration of
oxytocin causes a substantial
increase in trust among humans,
thereby greatly increasing the
benefits from social interactions
2/10/2011 37
Pattern
Brain of
Autistic
Children
2/10/2011 38
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2005/trust-building-hormone-short-circuits-fear-in-humans.shtml
Oxytocin
Could it be the cure for
Social Phobia?
2/10/2011 39
http://www.onlineweblibrary.com/blog/?p=599
2/10/2011 40
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091112095038.htm
2/10/2011 41
Pattern
2/10/2011 42
Stages of Love
Lust
Attraction
Attachment
Sometimes its smooth

sailing and sometimes they
sink. Thats why theyre
called relationSHIPS!
2/10/2011 43
Stages of Love
Lust
Erotic
Passion
Attraction
Romantic /
Obsessive
Sometimes its smooth Love
sailing and sometimes they Attachment
sink. Thats why theyre Commitment
2/10/2011 44
Lust
Sexual
Desire
Lust
evolved
for the
purpose of
sexual
mating
2/10/2011 45
bonchitz.blogspot.com
Lust Chemicals
Role in Sex Drive
Estrogen Testosterone
Female sex Male sex
hormone hormone
2/10/2011 46
2/10/2011 47
Lust Chemicals
Role in Sex Drive
2/10/2011 48
Role in Sex Drive
Important in
maintaining
arousal states
2/10/2011 49
Airport
2/10/2011 50
Family Reunion
2/10/2011 51
Stages of Love
Lust
Erotic
Passion
Attraction
Romantic /
Obsessive
Love
Sometimes its smooth Attachment
sailing and sometimes they Commitment
2/10/2011 52
Attraction Chemicals
In-Love Feeling
elation, intense energy,
sleeplessness, loss of appetite,
craving, and focused attention
2/10/2011 53
Watch Peoples Brain
Use functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI)
Do we love
with your
brain or
your heart?
2/10/2011 54
2/10/2011 55
Reward and Motivation
Allow the
organism to
feel
pleasure
Pleasurable
feeling
reinforce
the behavior so it will be
repeated (motivation)
2/10/2011 56
In-Love Feeling
Dopamine
"pleasure
chemical,"
producing a
feeling of
bliss
2/10/2011 57
2/10/2011 58
Dopamine Pathway
2/10/2011 59
Dopamine Uptake
Avoid
tolerance
2/10/2011 60
In-Love Feeling
Norepinephrine
adrenaline
produces
the racing
heart and
2/10/2011 excitement 61
2/10/2011 62
In-Love Feeling
Serotonin
Low levels
makes you
obsessive
and
2/10/2011 irrational
63
Serotonin Pathway
2/10/2011 64
Serotonin Pathway
2/10/2011 65
Effects of Love
Chemicals
Studies by researchers at
University College London
Neural circuits associated with the
way we assess others are suppressed
Lower level of serotonin (same as
those found in people with
obsessive compulsive
disorders) possibly explaining why
those in love "obsess" about their
partner
2/10/2011 66
When
In-Love
couples in
this stage
of love
focus on the
relationship
and often on
Remember how crazy we were
little else. about each other? Put that down
2/10/2011 67
under History of Mental Illness!
Stages of Love
Lust
Erotic
Passion
Attraction
Romantic
Love
Sometimes its smooth
sailing and sometimes they
2/10/2011 68
Loves pleasure lasts but
a moment; loves sorrow
lasts all through life
Celestine, French writer of

Fables
2/10/2011 69
Power of Love
2/10/2011 70
Romantic Rejection
Stimulates Areas of
Brain Involved in
Motivation, Reward
and Addiction
2/10/2011 71
Antidepressants
2/10/2011 72
2/10/2011 73
2/10/2011 74
William Makepeace
Thackeray
"To love and win
is the best
thing;
To love and
lose, the next
best thing."
2/10/2011 75
Stages of Love
Lust
Erotic
Passion
Attraction
Romantic
Love
2/10/2011 76
Attachment Chemicals
In-Love Feeling
Calm and security
Oxytocin Vasopressin
+ +
H3N Cys Tyr Ile H3N Cys Tyr Phe
S Gln S Gln
S Cys Asn O S Cys Asn O
Pro Leu Gly C NH2 Pro Arg Gly C NH2
2/10/2011 77
Passionate Love Fades
as Attachment Grows
High oxytocin High vasopressin
interfere with the dopamine

and norepinephrine pathways
2/10/2011 78
In-Love Feeling
Calm and security
Oxytocin Vasopressin
makes in the
couples feel long-term
much closer commitment
to one stage
another
after they
2/10/2011 79
have had sex
The Voles
tiny mouse-like rodent that
lives in the Midwest US
Prairie Vole Montane Vole
Monogamous Promiscuous
Differ in mating habits
2/10/2011 80
Prairie
Prairie voles are
extremely monogamous.
Sex is a 24-hour effort
A pair will share the same nest
When their babies are born, they
become affectionate and attentive
parents.
Show distress if separated
Even if one of the pair dies, the
other rarely finds another mate.81
2/10/2011
Pattern
2/10/2011 82
http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/0030244269_cam
pbell/HotTopics/Love.html
2/10/2011 83
Montane Voles
Montane vole, has no
interest in partnership
beyond one-night-stand sex
Injection of oxytocin or
vasopressine has no effect
Not have receptors?

2/10/2011 84
2/10/2011 85
In-Love Feeling
Calm and security
Oxytocin Vasopressin Endorphine

makes in the Produces a
couples feel long-term general
much closer commitment sense of
to one stage well-being
another
after they
2/10/2011 86
have had sex
In-Love Feeling
Calm and security
+ +
S Gln S Gln
YGGFMTSFKS-
QTPLVTHFKN-
Pro Leu Gly C NH2 Pro Arg Gly C NH2 AIIKNAYKKGE
2/10/2011 87
Endorphin Receptor
2/10/2011 88
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/health/nutrition/27best.html?_r=1
2/10/2011 89
Acupuncture
Releases
endorphins
2/10/2011 90
Yoga and Endorphins
Mishra reported
that Sahaja Yoga
meditation
resulted in a
"significant
increase" in
beta-endorphins
between control
and meditating
subjects
2/10/2011 91
In-Love Feeling
Calm and security
+ +
S Gln S Gln
YGGFMTSFKS-
QTPLVTHFKN-
Pro Leu Gly C NH2 Pro Arg Gly C NH2 AIIKNAYKKGE
2/10/2011 92
Attraction
Chemicals
Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin

adrenaline
2/10/2011 93
Role in Sex Drive
2/10/2011 94
Helen Fisher, anthropologist
The human body releases the
cocktail of love rapture only
when certain conditions are met
and ... men more readily
produce it than women, because
of their more visual nature."
2/10/2011 95
Outline:TodaysTalk
What is Love?
Why We Love?
Our First Look at Love
Stages of Love
Chemistry in Each Stage
What makes us Fall In Love?
Summary
2/10/2011 96
Courtship Ritual
Means by which selection
takes place
Related to the amount of
trouble invested by females
and the number of offspring
they can produce
2/10/2011 97
Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit
Insects
Only Marginally
inconvenienced by
fertilization
Tend not to be too choosy
Reproduce without too much
hassle
2/10/2011 98
Principal job:
conceive
offspring
bring them to
adulthood
2/10/2011 99
Theory of Evolution
Holds that species evolve
through the survival of genes
which bring about more fit
individuals
Way for those who are choosing
to sense and determine which
partners are best to attract
attention and to advertise
desirability
2/10/2011 100
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
Timing
Proximity
Staring
Name
Personality
Appearance
Food
Aphrodisiacs
2/10/2011 101
Pheromes flickr.com/photos/15257460@N00/2075833778
Timing / Proximity
in STS
2/10/2011 102
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
Timing
Proximity
Staring
Name
Personality
Appearance
Food
Aphrodisiacs
2/10/2011 103
The 34-Minute Expt.
Find a complete stranger.
Reveal to each other
intimate details about your
lives for half an hour.
Then, stare deeply into
each others eyes without
talking for four minutes
2/10/2011 104
Staring
York psychologist, Professor
Arthur Arun, has been studying
why people fall in love.
He asked his subjects to carry
out the above 3 steps and found
that many of his couples felt
deeply attracted after the 34
minute experiment. Two of his
subjects later got married.
2/10/2011 105
One Look
A true geisha can stop a
man in his tracks with one
look
http://www.fanpop.com/spots/memoirs-of-a-geisha/videos/846368
2/10/2011 106
2/10/2011 107
Personality
preferences for those who
remind us of our parents
(or others close to us
through childhood) because
of their personality, sense
of humor, likes and
dislikes, etc
2/10/2011 108
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 109
flickr.com/photos/15257460@N00/2075833778
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
I can live two months on a good compliment

2/10/2011 110
Mark Twain
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 111
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 112
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 113
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 114
Five Love
Languages
Words of
Affirmation
Receiving Gifts
Acts of Service
Physical Touch
Quality Time
2/10/2011 115
Needs
Her Needs His Needs
Tend to Be Tend to Be
Affection Sexual
Fulfillment
Conversation
Recreational
Honesty and Companionship
Openess
Admiration
Financial
Domestic Support
Support
An Attractive
Family Spouse
2/10/2011 116
Commitment
Needs
Sexual
Fulfillment
Affection
Conversation Recreational
Companionship
Honesty and
Openess Admiration
Financial Domestic
Support Support
Family An Attractive
Commitment
2/10/2011
Spouse
117
2/10/2011 118
Four Personality
Types
Artisan
Guardian
Idealist
Rational.
2/10/2011 119
Four Personality
Types
The Director
The Negotiator
The Explorer
The Builder
2/10/2011 120
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
The Director
Pumped up
with
testosterone
Aggressive,
single-
minded,
analytical
2/10/2011 121
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
2/10/2011 122
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
The
Negotiator
More
estrogen-
influenced
skilled at
emotional
expression
and dealing
with people,
idealistic
2/10/2011 123
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
The Explorer
High dopamine
activity
Adventurous,
novelty-
seeking,
creative
2/10/2011 124
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
The Builder
High
serotonin
activity
Cautious,
conventional,
managerial.
2/10/2011 125
Four Personality
Types
The Director
Intelligence
The Negotiator
Passion
The Explorer
Adventure
The Builder
Family
2/10/2011 126
Who will pick
whom?
Like attracts like
Like dissolves like
And
Opposites attract,
Opposite charges attract
2/10/2011 127
Four Personality
Types
The Director All
What he thinks. combinations
The Negotiator can work as
How he feels long as the
The Explorer partners
What he does.
continue to
respect each
The Builder other
Who he knows
2/10/2011 128
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
Staring
Timing
Proximity
Name
Personality
Appearance
Food
Aphrodisiacs
2/10/2011 129
Appearance
Looks and
personal
attraction
important
for humans
Its MURDER putting on

make-up with no
2/10/2011
reflection! 130
Appearance
David Perrett,
at the
University of
St. Andrews in
Scotland, did
an experiment
Able to morph
a digitized
photo of the
subject's own
face
2/10/2011 131
2/10/2011 132
Facial Attractiveness
Able to morph a
digitized photo
of the subject's
own face into a
face of the
opposite sex.
Then, he had the
subject select
from a series of
photos which one
he or she found
most attractive
2/10/2011 133
Facial Attractiveness
According to
Dr. Perrett,
his subjects
always
preferred the
morphed
version of
their own face
(and they
didn't
recognize it
as their own).
http://perceptionlab.com/
2/10/2011 134
Physical
Attractiveness
Men see ample
breasts and
broad hips as
indicators of
a woman's
ability to
bear and
nurse
children
2/10/2011 135
Physical
Attractiveness
Women see a
broad chest
and shoulders
as a sign of
someone who
can clobber a
steady supply
of meat and
keep lions
away from the
2/10/2011
cave 136
What Makes Us
Fall In Love?
Staring
Timing
Proximity
Name
Personality
Appearance
Food
Smell
2/10/2011 137
Food
A number of plants have
been found to produce human
sex hormones
Pollen of scotch pine
testosterone and
androsenedione
Date palm, pomegranate,
apple estrone
2/10/2011 138
Phenylethylamine
Attraction
Chemicals
Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin

adrenaline
2/10/2011 139
On Chocolates
Michael Liebowitz, author of

the popular 1983 book The
Chemistry of Love, remarked to
reporters that chocolate is
loaded with PEA."
The New York Times, magazine
free-lancers, and evolved into
the chocolate theory
of love."
2/10/2011 140
Cultural Difference
in Perceiving Smell
Filipino bathe
to enhance
presentability
Prior to the
wedding, the
bride performs a
traditional
Tausug bath
2/10/2011 141
www.lazamboangatimes.com/taosug_wedding.html
Cultural Difference
in Perceiving Smell
Napoleon the
Great when
prepare to
return to Paris
from his long
war campaigns
would write to
Josephine to
tell her not to
bathe
2/10/2011 142
Perfumes
Formulators
constantly
experiment
to find an
attractant
and
aphrodisiac
I thought about you all day at
work. My bosss cologne
2/10/2011
smells just like your socks.
143
Hormone vs Pheromone
Hormone : work within the
organism and exert some
form of physiological
regulation
Pheromones (Greek pherein,
to carry + horman = to
excite from afar)
2/10/2011 144
Types of Pheromones
Different functions:
Trail pheromones (ants

always follow each other)
Alarm Pheromones
Territory-marking
Pheromones
Sex Pheromones
2/10/2011 145
Types of Pheromones

Alarm Pheromones
Territory-marking
Pheromones
Sex Pheromones
2/10/2011 146
Types of Pheromones

Alarm Pheromones
Territory-marking
Pheromones
Sex Pheromones
2/10/2011 147
Types of Pheromones

Alarm Pheromones
Territory-marking
Pheromones
Sex Pheromones
2/10/2011 148
Sex Pheromones
Serve to :
identify species
attract the members of the
opposite sex
Excite the potential mate
and prepare them for mating
(True for insects)
2/10/2011 149
Sex Pheromones
Although there are 750,000
species of insects, the sex
pheromones are unique to
each species
Mistaken attraction does
not occur
2/10/2011 150
Pattern
ove really is a chemical
addiction that occurs to
keep us reproducing
http://www.learnbodylanguage.org/pheromones.html
2/10/2011 151
Proof of the
Effects of
Pheromone
Menstrual cycles of women who

live communally tend to
synchronize
Chemist Charles Wysocki of
the Monell Chemical Senses
Center in Philadelphia :
Leader compound
2/10/2011 152
Men Affected By
Pheromones
Study published
journal Evolution and
Human Behavior
Stripper Tips per Hour
Ovulating : $70
Menstruating : $35
Not ovulating or
menstruating : $50
2/10/2011 153
Men Affected By
Pheromones
Work conducted by Martie
Haselton, an associate
professor of psychology at UCLA
Women report that when they're
ovulating, their partners are
more loving and attentive and,
significantly, more jealous of
other men
2/10/2011 154
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7630893
2/10/2011 155
Sweaty T-Shirt Expt
Study in 1995 by Claus
Wedekind of UB, Switzerland
Women smell some unwashed t-
shirts worn by different men
Women were attracted to
clothing that was worn by men
with a very different immune
system than their own.
2/10/2011 156
2/10/2011 157
DNA and Smell
Finding
True
Love By
Sniffing
Them
2/10/2011 158
What is Love?
A chemical
addiction
that occurs
to keep us
reproducing
2/10/2011 159
Stages of Love
Lust
Erotic
Passion
Attraction
Romantic
Love
2/10/2011 160
2/10/2011 161
2/10/2011 162
2/10/2011 163
And . . .
the greatest of All
is
Chemistry of Love
STS Lecture
Portia Sabido Feb/2011
2/10/2011 164

The Chemistry of Love

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The Chemistry of Love

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The Chemistry

Portia Mahal Sabido,Ph.D.

entitled The Virgin with the Green Cushion.

The Hug Drug

Conversely, injecting oxytocin

Sometimes its smooth

Celestine, French writer of

S Cys Asn O S Cys Asn O

Pro Leu Gly C NH2 Pro Arg Gly C NH2

interfere with the dopamine

Differ in mating habits

Not have receptors?

Oxytocin Vasopressin Endorphine

Oxytocin Vasopressin Endorphine

Oxytocin Vasopressin Endorphine

Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin

I can live two months on a good compliment

Like dissolves like

Its MURDER putting on

Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin

Michael Liebowitz, author of

Trail pheromones (ants

Trail pheromones (ants

Trail pheromones (ants

Trail pheromones (ants

Menstrual cycles of women who

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