Laboratory Management System

PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP

Leaders have the ability to bring people together, to affect change, and sometimes change the world. It is this ability to have social
influence over others that gives power to a leader. That is what leadership is by definition, having the ability to influence others to follow.
In this sense, leadership is an art and possibly a virtue.

Leadership has been described as;

a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a
common task".
is "organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal". The leader may or may not have any formal authority.
somebody whom people follow: somebody who guides or directs others.

Leadership may follow some principles that are applied in a laboratory. These are;
1. Employee Oriented Leadership, where managers had strong ties rather than in production work.
2. Product Oriented Leadership that gives emphasis to the high productivity at the expense of all other factors
3. Structure Style Leadership where the manager directs the staff toward getting the work done and paying attention of
assigning particular tasks, specifying and clarifying what is expected of subordinates uniformity of the procedures to
be followed and personally deciding what and how work will be done.
4. Consideration Style Leadership which shown by managers the effort to explain their action and treat workers as equal.
He/she listens to subordinate concern and look out for their personal welfare. Give advance notice of changes and,
generally, friendly and approachable

When it comes to leadership it doesn't matter if you manage a company with 500 employees or one where you are the only
employee. Either environment will disprove the myth that leaders should stick to just one leadership style that they have perfected. In a
dynamic setting several styles will be necessary and the ability to adapt is key. There's a lot to learn from each leadership style and
when to use it. Here's the four that basic styles:

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER

Various characteristics exist to consider one a good leader, but these are the general and common characteristics of a good leader:
1. Liking for people it is an important characteristic of a leader by looking for the positive side of a person
2. Optimistic means having a happy disposition and looking on the brighter side of things.
Good self-esteem
A good opinion of oneself has confidence and is self-assured.
4. Good listener
Lending an ear or paying attention to subordinates about their opinion and sentiments.
5. Poise
At ease and composed in any given situation especially during difficult circumstances.
6. Accessibility Being open and available anytime, open-minded.
7. Approachable Easy to deal with, willing to talk to and is receptive.
8. Good sense of values A role model to his personnel by being reliable and trustworthy.

Kinds of Leadership
The concept distinguishes 5 different kinds of leadership, based on the concern for people and the concern for production:

A. Impoverished Style
Low Production, Low People
Lazy approach
Ineffective leadership
With high regard for creating systems for getting the job done, non-satisfying and motivating.
Result is a place of disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony.

Researchers found that children under delegative leadership, also known as laissez-fair leadership were the least productive of
all three groups. The children in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to
 work independently. Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group
members. While this style can be effective in situations where group members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often
leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation.

B. Country Club Style

Low Production, High People
Concerned about the needs and feelings of members of his/her team.
Operates under the assumption that as long as team members are happy and secure then they will work hard.
Result into a work environment that is very relaxed and fun but where production suffers due to lack of direction and control.

C. Autocratic Style
High Production, Low People
Authoritarian or compliance leader.
Treat employees are simply a means to an end.
Has strict work rules, policies, and procedures
Views punishment as the most effective means to motivate employees.

Authoritarian leaders, also known as autocratic leader provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be
done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make
decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group.

Some studies described that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership. Lewin also found that it is more
difficult to move from an authoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this style is usually viewed as
controlling, bossy, and dictatorial.

D. Middle-of-the-Road Style
Medium Production, Medium People
There is balance between the competing goals of the company and the needs of the workers.
Concern to both people and production
Compromises in which neither the production nor the people needs are fully met.

E. Team Management Style

High Production, High People
High concern to both people and production.
Motivation is high
Theory Y of Douglas McGregor.
Teamwork and commitment among employees.

Lewins study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership
style. Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group
members. In Lewins study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their
contributions were of a much higher quality.

Participative leaders encourage group members to participate, but retain the final say over the decision-making process. Group
members feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative.
 Leadership Styles:

Maslove Hirachy of Human Needs

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LEADER
1. Formulates and documents policies and procedures
2. To have an organize laboratory.
3. Effectively communicates plans to all staff/ personnel.
4. Encourage free flow and exchange of ideas through all levels of the organization.
5. Boost the confidence of the staff
6. Schedule and conduct periodic meetings with staff for discussion and review of policies and procedures
7. Delegate responsibility for efficiently monitoring compliance with policies and procedures.