FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM:

Fire hydrant systems are installed in buildings to help firefighters quickly attack thefire.
Essentially, a hydrant system is a water reticulation system used to transport water in order to
limit the amount of hose that firefighters have to lay; thus speeding up the fire fighting process
Fire Hydrants:

A Fire water hydrant system consists of a piping, distributed all around a facility with
a high pressure pumping system, for the purpose to provide abundant and
frequent water to firefighting.
o The water main is provided with a branch or T-piece to which the hydrant is attached either
directly or short length of pipe inserted.
o The hydrant is situated in a chamber or pit of bricks work or other suitable material which is
covered with a hinged lid, usually of cost iron.

Types of fire hydrants

DRY Barrel:
In a dry-barrel hydrant, the vertical portion of the hydrant (barrel) is empty of water (dry). The upper
section remains dry until the main valve is opened by means of a long stem that extends up through
the top (bonnet) of the hydrant. The main valve is located at the barrel's , prevents water from
entering the barrel during normal conditions. To operate a dry-barrel hydrant, one of the hydrant
nozzle caps is removed, and then the operating nut on the top of the hydrant is turned to open the
valve, which allows water to flood the hydrant barrel. Dry-barrel hydrants are typically used in cold
weather climates to prevent water from freezing in the barrel, which would damage the hydrant and
hinder its operation in an emergency. To avoid major water gushers when a dry-barrel hydrant is hit
by a vehicle, most hydrants are now installed with a traffic (breakaway) flange that allows the top
portion of the hydrant to breakaway.
Wet barrel:

Wet-barrel hydrants operate similarly to dry barrel hydrants; however, the main valve is located at
the top of the barrel, and the barrel is constantly filled with water. Manufacturers intend wet-barrel
hydrants only be used in climates where temperatures never drops below 32F since they are
always charged (loaded) with water.

Raw Material:

The hydrant barrel is usually molded in cast or ductile iron. Some iron wet-barrel
hydrants have an epoxy coating on the inner surface to prevent corrosion. Other wet-
barrel hydrants are molded in bronze. The hydrant bonnet is usually made from the
same material as the barrel. The valve stem in a dry-barrel hydrant design is steel. The
valve stems in a wet-barrel hydrant are usually made from silicon bronze.
The hydrant outlets are molded in bronze. If the barrel is cast or ductile iron, the bronze
outlets are threaded into the barrel. If the barrel is bronze, the outlets are cast as part of
the barrel. The outlet caps may be bronze, cast iron, or plastic.
Valve seats, seals, and gaskets are made from a variety of synthetic rubbers
including styrene butadiene, chloroprene, urethane, and butadiene acrylonitrile.
Fasteners may be zinc-plated steel or stainless steel.
Hydrants are given a coat of primer paint before they are shipped. When a hydrant is
installed, the outer surface is coated with an exterior-grade paint.

Fire Extinguishers:
Fire: Fire is a self-sustaining, chemical chain reaction with varying degrees of light and heat.

Fire is made up of four components

Fuel

Oxygen

Heat

Chemical Chain Reaction

Types of fire are separated into different classes based on the fuel source involved. Knowing the classes
of fire will help you choose the appropriate extinguisher.

Use a Fire Extinguisher When:

-The fire is contained and not spreading

-The extinguisher is readily available

-You know how to use it properly

-Personal safety is not compromised

-There is a clear path for escape

Types of Extinguishers

Dry chemical: Dry Chemical is the most widely used type of fire extinguisher and is also recognized as a
multi-purpose ABC fire extinguisher.

The agent works by interrupting the chemical chain reaction. Also, on a class A fire it creates a
barrier between the fuel and the oxygen.

Carbon dioxide: Works by separating oxygen and heat.

Usually ineffective against class A fires.

Water/foam: Works by cooling the fire and coating the fuel. Foam extinguishers create a foam barrier
preventing the fuel from coming in contact with oxygen.
 Effective on class A fires

Can cause liquids in class B fires to spread

Can cause shock hazard on class C fires

Dry powder: Works by separating fuel from oxygen and/or removing heat

Effectiveness is based on the type of class D fire it is designed to extinguish.

Ineffective on class A,B,C fires (metal fires) only.

Wet Chemicals: Designed for restaurant type kitchens.

Works by forming a soapy foam blanket over the burning material and cooling it below its
ignition temperature.

Clean Agent: Works by interrupting the chemical chain reaction.

Use the acronym PASS to remember how to use a fire extinguisher.

P Pull

A Aim

S Squeeze

S Sweep
Fire hose reel:

Fire hose reels are located at strategic places in buildings to provide a reasonably accessible
and controlled supply of water for fire extinguishing. ... The system is manually operated and
activated by opening a valve enabling the water to flow into the hose that is typically 30 meters
away.
A hose reel system is used to extinguish fire in its initial stage to control the fire during
emergencies.
Fire hose reel systems are very user friendly in its operation and usage. Even unskilled
person and ladies can operate this setup. Considering the building location and the
hazards it is mandated to install this setup to ensure safety in the building. We can also
use this as a domestic setup such as cleaning, watering and for our daily usage as a
 maintenance procedure for ensuring the life of hoses. It is always considered as a baby
type setup from its parent fire hydrant system.

Components:
Water supply and storage
Pipework and valves
Fire brigade booster
Pump set
Hydrant, hydrant valve or landing valve & coupling
Fire hose

Applications:
Factories, industries, hotels, IT sector, hospitals etc.

Make:
Tata steel, normex, fire guard, etc.