Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 46

Report

1 Valediction & Introduction


Introduction
2 Publishing the 6th issue of semiannual journal on Scientific Heritage
of Islam & Iran
Vol. 5, No. 20 & 21, Autumn 2015 &
Articles
Winter 2016
3 Abstract of an article presented in conference on physics in
memory of Khorshid Abdollahzadeh, Khojand, Tajikistan
Publisher: Institute for the History of
Thesis Science, University of Tehran
3 Thesis Submitted for the Degree of M.A in History of Science in Insti-
tute for the History of Science
Table of Farsi contents
News Chief Editor: Maryam Zamani
1 20th issue of History of Science Newsletter Co-Editor: Mohammad-Javad
Mohammad-Hosseini
2 Ahmad Sami'i Guilanis 95th Birthday in Rasht Designer: Farnaz Azidhak
2 Khorshid Abdollah-zadehs 75th Birthday Anniversary Executive: Fateme Keyghobadi
2 Nasr al-Dn Ts Conference in Iranian Institute of Philosophy
3 Annual conference Popularization of science week ceremonies
Advisory Board
3 Lectures in Institute for the History of Science Mohammad Bagheri
3 Table of content of Alhazen & Optics conference Hamid-Reza Giahi Yazdi
4 Autumn 2015& Spring2016 Course schedule - Institute for the History Masoud Sadeghi
of Science
Report
6 Valediction & Introduction
Contributors to this issue
8 13th Traveling Exhibition of Iran Science and Technology Museum
Mohammad Bagheri
Introduction Tahereh Bagheri Chime
9 E-Learning Courses Mohammad-Hossein Choupani
9 An Introduction to SPERE Laboratory in Paris 7 Sara Farzpour Machiani
12 Publishing the 6th issue of semiannual journal on Scientific Heritage Zahra Ghezelbash
of Islam & Iran Zeinab Karimian
13 Publishing the 19th issue of Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam, in Fateme Keyghobadi
Persian, Vol. "Daneshname'-i Jahan-e Eslam, Jelde 19" Mohammad-Javad Mohammad
11 Book Review: Al Hazen & Optics by Mustafa Nazif Hosseini
Razie Sadat Musavi
16 Book Review: a Brief History of Numbers by Leo Corry
Fatemeh Saadatmand
18 Book Review: History of Modern Chemistry in Iran; the Advent,
Azita Sadeghin
Foundation and Independence by Maryam Saghafi
Mohammad Soleimani Tabar
Lectures Morteza Somi
19 Dr. Musa Akramis lecture Historiography of Science, do's and Seyyed Majid Tolou Moghaddam
donts Maryam Zamani
21 A Session with Dr. Younes Karamati Historiography of Science in
Khane Ketab
22 Mohammad Bagheris Lecture Khorshid-Feyzollah Abdollah-zadeh
Scientific Relationship with Researchers & Scientific Institutes in
Address: No. 23, Behnam Alley,
Ghods Street, Enghelab Avenue,
Iran
Tehran
24 George Salibas Lecture History of Science, Iran & Islam
1417734491, Iran
21 Plates & its usage in Astronomy in the Islamic Period Mailing Address: P.O. Box 13145-
26 Abstract of soheila pazari Lectures Al Hazen & Kaml al-Dn al- 1836, Tehran, Iran
Fris & Analysis of Reflection Tel: (+98) 21 88993016
28 Abstract of Erfan Khosravis Lecture A Historical Review on the Fax: (+98) 21 88993018
Evolution of the Theory of Evolution
33 Medicine & Pharmacology in Islam by Mehdi Mohaghegh www.utihs.ut.ac.ir
32 Abstract of Dr. Kouhkans Lecture Initiation to Alchemy tarikhelm@ut.ac.ir
Articles
32 Some Geometric Properties of Chartoranj
33 A Review of the Titles of History of Science Newsletter
Thesis
43 Submitted Proposals in Institute for the History of Science
43 Abstract of Thesis Submitted for the Degree of M.A. in History of
Science in Institute for the History of Science

History of Science Newsletter is going to reflect academic activities in history of science, such as conferences, commemorations,
published books and journals, etc. Hence contributions by sending reports or news are appreciated.
UTIHS: Formal Introduction of Dr. Sadeqi as New Headmaster

On Tuesday 3rd October, a formal students will be overcome very soon.

Report
ceremony was held in the conference At last he admired Dr.Ghaedan for his
hall of the Institute History of Science well-done efforts and also he thanked
in Tehran University. In this ceremony, Dr. Sadeqi that he accepted the new and
Dr. Asghar Ghaedan was acknowledged important responsibility.
as a former head of the research center Dr. Masoumi was the next speaker
and at the same time Dr. Masoud Sadeqi invited to speak. The goodwill of offi-
has been introduced as the new head of cials and support of the Institutes facul-
the Institute of History of Science. ty and students have made this Institute
At the beginning of the program, very successful in its short life-time.
Dr. Maaref the Head of Theology Fac- Furthermore, he added that several grad-
ulty in Tehran University said: I would uate students from here have been ac-
like to have an opportunity to be here cepted in the best higher education insti-
and today I want to mention some nota- tutions and theyve also completed the
ble points; first in our holy Quran, Allah courses successfully; Many masters
has said "Are those who know equal to theses written here can rival doctoral
those who do not know? theses and it implies that they are really
One side is to explore in existence and expert in their jobs.
the other is to attain the erudition. It is He thanked Dr. Ghaedan and men-
clear that it wouldnt be possible with- tioned, Im proud of our friendship
out enough suitable equipment. He with Dr. Ghaedan. He coped with all the
continued, Science has its own justifi- difficulties here very well. If this insti-
cation on any topics. One side is the tute didnt have a thoughtful manager it
domination of nature. Universities and wouldnt be successful today. We hope
research centers are the cradle of erudi- that our cooperation would last more
tion. God willing, you're the present and and forever.
future scholars. After that, he mentioned, Ive

History of Science Newsletter, No. 20 & 21, Autumn 2015 & Winter 2016
The second thing is that we Irani- known Dr. Sadeqi for a long time. He is
ans are Muslims and Islam has always a very wise and an astute person, and I
encouraged knowledge. Before Islam, hope the institute will continue the path
Iran was the cradle of knowledge and it has been on. Making an opportunity
when Islam came to Iran, it confronted in the Institute for graduate admissions
with Iranian scientific talents so that Is- was another topic. I have to say the
lam made them flourished well. As a re- most important step that should be taken
sult, Iran provided long-term develop- after admission to the PhD program is
mental assistance for Arabs in return; encouraging graduated students for re-
for instance their cultural deeds support search activities. They all have high po-
to organize Arabic grammar, or writing tential for research. The name of the
religious books for both Sunnis and Shi- institute is The Research Center. How-
ites. Regarding them, the present re- ever, the main work here has been train-
search Institute should be able to give a ing so far Dr. Masoumi said.
correct narration of those scientists, One of the most positive aspects
their achievements, and the real place of of this institute is the on-going relation-
history of science in Iran as well as oth- ship with the graduated students (that is
er scientists who worked tirelessly then. seen less in other places.) We need to
I have always heard a lot about the great strengthen this kind of relationship and
merits of this Institute in education, re- one way is to get the graduates involved
search and developments. I feel honored with research activities.
today and I hope the barriers to PHD Finally, he wishes success for Dr.
1
Ghaedan, I hope wherever he is, hell search Center can take good forward
be successful and sincere wishes for Dr. steps.
Sadeqi. I hope he wont have fear of the Dr. Sadeqi, the new Headmaster of
Introduction

future and with the dignity we know in History of Science Institute was the last
him he is expected to cope with unex- one who came to the stage. He thanked
pected problems. everyone for this session, Thanks to
The former head of the research the previous head of institute and also
center, Dr. Ghaedan, after presenting a my dearest master Dr. Masoumi. I hope
short report from the institute stated, I I will be successful to continue what
always know here as my home so I tried other friends have already been started
to make it a convenient place for gradu- here. Moreover, I hope we can have
ates as well. Now most of the work is more emphasis on research activities.
still a burden for them to be in connec- I will follow up with the PHD ap-
tion and support the institute for a better plying problems as well as building a
future. good faculty. Finally I hope I can ac-
At last he bade farewell with these complish this project in the best way.
words, The years Ive been here was The session was finished with publicly
memorable, if I failed in my duties, I'm expressing gracious appreciation and
sorry and I will try to be associated with gratitude and a gift on behalf of the in-
the people here. Please support stitute was presented to the previous
Dr.Sadeqi enormously, so that the Re- headmaster.

Sixth issue of Semiannual Journal on Scientific Heritage of Islam & Iran


is published by The Written Heritage Research Institute in Autumn
2014 & Winter 2015.

Here are the contents of this number of Ideas on the Origin of Sciences.Amir-
History of Science Newsletter, No. 20 & 21, Autumn 2015 & Winter 2016

Journal: Mohammad Gamini.

Papers: Problems of the Transmission of Greek


A Survey of Research in the Mathemati- Scientific Thought Into Arabic:
cal Sciences in Medieval Islam from Examples From Mathematics and Op-
1996 to 2011 . Glen Van Brummelen , tr. tics. Roshdi Rashed, tr. Hasan Amini
Pouyan Rezvani. A List of Sundials in Iran (first appen-
dix). Mohammad Bagheri.
Salting Babies: Innovation and Tradi- Manuscripts
tion in Premodern Procedures for Zj Yamn: A Persian Treatise Written
Neonatal Care. Miquel Forcada, tr. Ze- in 511 AH. Ali Safari Agh Ghaleh
inab Piri. A Priliminary Study of Emendation of
Euclids Elements (Il Ul Uqldus)
The Production of Olive Oil in Northern by Athr al-Dn Abhars. Irina Luther,
Iran: A Brief History. Shamameh Mo- tr. Parvin Monzavi.
hammadifar. Book Review
Note on the Entrance of Modern Tufat al-gharib, Mohammad-Reza
Science to Iran. Maryam Zamani. Tavakkoli Saberi .
Non-Historical Historiography of Sci- Persian Translations of Rzs al-w f
ence: A Critical Review of C. K. Raju's al-ib. Shamameh Mohammadifar.
2
In Memoriam & Report Treatises
In memory of Mariam Mikhaylovna Badr abars Treatise on measuring
Rozhanskaya. S. Demidov, I. Luther & hights using Mirrors. Mohammad-Reza

Article & Thesis


V. Kirsanov, tr. Maryam Zamani. Arshi.

Abstract of an article presented in conference on physics in memory of


Khorshid Abdollahzadeh, Khojand, Tajikistan

Explanation of Ab Rayn Brns qawid, that both of these books are


method for calculating specific gravi- explanations of Ibn Khawwms book,
ty in the mathematical works of the Jamshd Kshn in Mift al-isb and
next scholars Muhammad Bqir Yazd in Uyun al-
isb also describe this method. Mu-
Abouzar Farzpourmachiani hammad Al Isfahn that lived in 13th
This article is about Ab Rayn AH century is the last mathematician
Brns method for calculating specific that in his book, Nahya al-d, ex-
gravity and applying this method by the plains this method.
next scholars until 13th AH century. In Brn by measuring the weight and
Maqla f al-nisab allati bayn al-filizzt volume of materials, calculates the spe-
wa al-jawhir f al-ajm wa al-wazn, cific gravity of them but in mathemati-
Brn explains about his method and cal books, the authors by using the re-
calculates the specific gravities of some sults of Brns experiments for calcu-
metals and gemstones. lating the specific gravities, and measur-
In addition to Khzin in Mzn al- ing the weight of materials, calculate the
ikma, Ibn al-Khawwm in al-Fawid volume of them.
al-bahyya f al-qawid al-isabyya In this article at first, Brns meth-
explains about Brns method. Brns od is explained and then transition of
this method among mathematical books

History of Science Newsletter, No. 20 & 21, Autumn 2015 & Winter 2016
method is introduced in mathematical
books (isb) by Ibn al-Khawwm. is described.
Kaml al-Dn Frs in Ass al-qawid f Keywords: Brn, Specific Gravity,
ul al-fawid, Imd al-dn Kshn in isb.
d al-maqid f shar ass al-

Thesis Submitted for the Degree of M.A in History of Science in Institute for
the History of Science

Critical Edition, Persian Translation abic by Ghyth al-Dn Manr


and Commentary of Al-Safr f al- Dashtak, a great scholar of safavid peri-
Haya by Ghyth al-Dn Manr od, in 906 AH.
Dashtak The importance of this textbook is that
Fatemeh keyghobadi it includes the authers mentions of his
Under Supervision of Dr. Amir Mo- non-Ptolemic planetary models, but he
didnt present them in this book and re-
hammad Gamini
fers to his other works in Haya.
Abstract In this thesis, due to the importance of
study of Haya works in Islamic
Al-Safr f al-Haya is a brief treatise in world, we edit, translate into Persian
science of Haya which written in Ar- and comment Al-Safr f al-Haya. 3

. .

.

. .

.

.


.


.



.





02 04 4931


.



.

.



.

14
1 2 / 1 2 / 9 4

.
1


.4 : .1 :
13 .

.
.2 :
.
.1 :
:

.
. .3 :
: :
rihs@ut.ac.ir
1


.
:

02 04 4931
:


936
.
.

.

.
.
. .

. 12
-4


33 - 23 3 -6 1

( )
31 - 33 3-6 2
( )
38 - 31 3 -6 ( ) 3
23 - 24 8 ( ) 4
42 - 31 9
13 -9 13 ( ) 1
11 - 13 13 6
( )
13 - 11 13 3 ( )
8 -6 11 Mathematical instruments and their effects on the 8
)mathematics (rem Aslan
12 -8 11 A Modern Application of Kindis Cryptanalytic Tech- 9
niques (Wiet van Lanschot, Edzard Scherpbier, Koen van
) Woerden
11 - 13 13 12
( )
13 - 11 2 11 ( )
24 - 19 13 12 ( )
21 - 24 13 13 ( )
9 -1 )11 Brn (J.Hogendijk 14
02 04 4931

23 - 21 13 - 16 11 ( )
32 - 23 13 - 16 16 ( )
36 - 32 13 - 16 13 ( )
39 - 36 13 - 16 18 ( )
42 - 39 13 - 16 19 ( )
43 - 42 23 - ( 13 -16
)
13 - 14 19 - 18 21 ( )
19 - 13 19 - 18 22 ( .)

:
maryam_zamani77@yahoo.com
1

2 .
93
-3

( -)
28 - 26 3 ( - ) 1


32 - 28 3 2
( - )
36 - 32 (3 . 3
. - )
38 - 36 3 ( ) 4
33 - 33 1 ( - ) 1
41 - 38 3-6 ( - ) 6
43 - 41 3-6 ( - ) 3
48-43 ( - ) 3-6 8
34 - 29 8
12-48 3-6 2 ( ) 9
13 - 12 413( . 3-6 13
- )
29 - 23 : ( - 8 11
)
43 - 42 ( - 9 12
)
48 - 43 9 13
( )
11 - 48 ( 9 14

02 04 4931
)
14 - 11 ( 9 11
)
16 - 14 9 ( - ) 16
3 12 Iranian science, Arabic science, Medieval sci- 13
?ence or science in the Islamic civilization
33 - 26 6 1 ( 13 18
)
32 - 33 ( 13 19
)
19 - 11 14 23
( )

93

:
1

.

2
Tuekta.

-1

22 - 13 ( 1 1
29 - 22 2 )
44 - 14 4 ( ) 2
33 - 28 1 3
( )
19 - 13 13 4
02 04 4931

-2

31 - 29 2 )The Story of Math( 2338 1
32 - 31 2 1331 ()Innovations 1331 2
26 - 21 ( 3 What the Ancients Did 3
)for Us
33 - 31 4 4
36 - 31 1 ()Qubba for al- Ksh 1
14 - 13 3-6 Ancient (2339 -2333 6
)Discoveries
33 - 34 8 The Story ( 2313 3
)of Science: Power, Proof and Passion
93 11 - 13 13 - 16 1333 ( ) 8
.
.


.

1x131+ 200x 11=120x
11121+12000
111
( :
).

02 04 4931


.
:

b 10 5
= = q = 45
a 24 12

93
DK 4 8
= tan q D K = 2 tan q = 2 =
DM 3 3
8 1
= AK = 3 -
3 3

( )3
1 AK 1

9
.

A
K

N
P
F
54
D
M

8
8
11b11=11511-11111111q11= 63 1 . NP MN
a 2
45 .
M 1
6 11211-11 :
2 = FM D
45
= 22.5
2
. DF
= tan 22.5 = 2 -1
. DM
1( 121-111) :11
)111:(1121+11 . . AK = DF
02 04 4931

1b q
a
:



. ( )
( )9 - b 5
= , q = 50
a 11
93
6 MN 2 . .
( NMH )1
MH : .
NH


= sin q , sin q = 1- cos2 q
MN
.
1
= 1+ tan2 q
cos q
2
1
4 4
1 tan q 3 4 d
sin q = 1- = = ==3
1+ tan q 1+ tan2 q 16 54 5
4
2
2

1+
1 tan q 39 =33 = 4
sin q = 1- = =
4 8
M H = 2 =1+ tan q
2
1+ tan2 q
1 +
5 516
5 5 9 3 2 1
4 8
= M H = 2
5 5 1
N ( 1 .
P )
8 15 - 8 7
= 3- = : .
5 5 5
8 7 1
= - 6 N . tan q = 1
5 5 5 2 2
P N
1 P N .
15
1 P 2 tan
q
2
1
30
= tan q 2 = 2=4
. q 1 3
1- tan2 1-
2 4

1
. 145 . 1 1

02 04 4931
(
A B
) 45 .
K
1
.
1 d 1
5
( 1 3 ).
15
D C
2 M 1

3 N

3 AK
P

1.
3

DK DK 4 84 8 H M
= tan q
= tan q =tan=q2
D K =D2K = = 2q
tan = 2 6
DM DM 3 33 3
8 18 1
= 3 - = 3= -
AK =AK 91
3 33 3
2
(a+ b)2 = (a- b)2 + 4ab :
. 1
c . :

( )2 c .
a b
c a - b.

a b

c c


c
3
3 : 13 . .
T
ab
c2 = 4
2
+ (a- b)2 = 2ab + a2 - 2ab + b2 = a2 + b2


. - -
a b .
a b -
.
02 04 4931

a b
(.)4 ab a - b .
b 4
a
.

b b a

a b
a

a b b c a
.
. a b
1 2 2
99
( ) -2
. - .
. .
. . .


.
. :
: .
-1 . 14
-2 .
.
. .
: .
1
sfarzpourmachiani@yahoo.com
.
2 .
-1 :


:
( ) presentist (
. ) traditionalist

02 04 4931


.


. .
.





. 90
133 . -
. osler
. .
.

1 3 3
.
- .
.
. . -

.
.
. : .
-1 -2 -3
.
.
. : :
. . .
:
.


.

- :
02 04 4931

- -1
. . .

. .
.
. -2
1333
. .
-1 : :
-2 . .
. .
- -
.
94


.
. 33 1394

.
. :
.
( )composed drugs .
( )simple drugs . 2
.
.
. :

.
.
4 : .
-1 -2 () -3
() -4 () .
-
. . :

.

02 04 4931
. -
. .
:
.
.
: (
) (
) ( )
( )
( )
.
.
welcome
92
.
( )Carl Linnaeus

.

.

.
.

.




. .

:
(
) Phylogenetic

. ( )

.

.
02 04 4931

.
.

.



.




.
( )Synapsid
03
.

.




. .


.
.

.


.
)(Ernst Mayr
.
) (Essentialism
. ) (Anaximander

02 04 4931
( ) :
.
. .
( )
: /
/ .
/ /
/ /
/ / (
/ / )Alfred Russel Wallace
/
. .

03

.


. .



.

.

( ) .
.
( )
( ) .
.
.



. .


02 04 4931

) )
.

.


.



.
...

03

.


.
(1264-1261) (832 . ). .
.


.
. .
:
1
. raziesadatmusavi@gmail.com
( )

( ) .
( )equatorium
. (
313)
(114-113)

(426.) (439-423) (-463
129) .

.

02 04 4931

( 433-314)

.



.
(
318-661)
.
03
. .

.

. 13

.
. .
.
: :

.

.
.
.

16 13
.


.
. .
. :
:
02 04 4931

.

.


. . :
:
.
.

12 94
03

.



2313 :
:

.


:

.
.

. 4
.
. .

. :

02 04 4931
33

.

. .

.
.
.
.

.
13 18 9

01

. .
2333 2339
2313




2312 .
. 2312

.
. :
- .
() . .


. 2312

1993
. 43 2333 .

(
. ) .
.
2313 1
02 04 4931


.
.
2313
.
.
.
. 2311
.
2312
.
.

09

...
.


.


.

.
.


.

. 13 ()

.


.

02 04 4931
. 1994 21( . )

.

1993 ( 13 ).
. 2332 8( . )
. . .

.
. 11 16 .

. -
.
2339 2331 .
00
.

.



.


. .
. .


. 13 1394 3

.
.

.

.
02 04 4931





.
.

1344 -
.

.

.
.
04

. .
.


.
.

.

.
.




.
.


.
-

.

02 04 4931
.



.

.


.
.

. . .
02

-
. ( Bruno

: )Latour
1 . .
tahereh68@gmail.com


.






. -

.
:
.
. 26
02 04 4931

. .
.

.
. .
.
. .

.

. knowledge

.

43
)Euler ( )Gauss
( ) . ( )Hamilton
:
1 (


tabar_1988@yahoo.com
)Dedekind


.


. .

23


1333 1394.

1



.

.
.

02 04 4931
.




13 .
.
13

.



43
( )David Hilbert ()Emmy Norther
( )Nicolas Bourbaki
. .

.

. - .

. .

.
. Casting out nines
-
Liber Abbaci ( .
)Fibonacci 12 16
.
.... .
Cossists Die Coss
(cos .)Christoff Rudolf
c .
cosa .
. .
.
. ( .
02 04 4931

)Cardano( )Tartaglia ( Del


)Ferro
( )Bombelli . .
16 ( )Viete
. .
( )Simon Stevin 111 .
( )Napier ( Diophantus )
.
. .
-
. ( )Wallis .
. ()algebra
. ( .
43





( .)319 (

)
.



. .

( .)413 -
.
(
).

. ( .)443


.
.

02 04 4931

.
:
1 .
tabar_1988@yahoo.com

.

.
1

( Leo
)Corry

43
http://rch.ac.ir/news/Details/50. / /
4

1 .118
/ / /
6 .119
3.119-161
12
.
(

8 .161-162
9 .162-161 )
13 .161-166 13
.
11 .166-169
:
12 .169-133
1
13 .133-181
.ghezelbash_zahra@yahoo.com
2
http://rch.ac.ir/news/Details/48.
3 .19

(-1893
1931)
1942-43 . .

.
1394 .
. .

.
.
02 04 4931


.

.
.


. ( .)31 -

( )36

. ( .)38
.
43
) ( )
( )
( )
. / ( ) .


1 4
8. .
( ) .
6 4
.
. -
( )

( )

9
. .
( )
.
.
.

(:
13. )296-293
. 1.

02 04 4931

6.
( )
.
4 1
( ( 668 : ). .
) 232 .

11
. .
( )

3
.
: ( )
41
.
.
. .

.
: .
1
.choopani.mh@gmail.com

( 19 )

)1 )6 1

6 [
] )1 : )2 )3 )4
)1
) 6
3
. . 213

893 123
( ) .

. 1363
.2
02 04 4931



1311 .

13 8
[ : ] )1 : )2
4
. )3 )4 )1
)6
)3 )8
.
: ( ) ( 6 )1 : )2 )3
) ( )
( ) ( ) 4
49
Christian Houzel. ) (
9
10
Ahmad Hasnaoui.
11
Annick Jaulin. 1389
Pascal Crozet.
)
12
13
Christine Proust.
David Rabouin. .


14
15
Jean-Jacques Szczeciniarz.
16
Olivier Darrigol. :
17
Stphane Schmitt. .3 1
18
Alain Leplge.
.karimian.zeinab@gmail.com
19
Guillaume Lachenal.
20
C. Jami.
2
Science, Philosophie, Histoire.
21
Karine Chemla.
3
Centre dHistoire des Sciences et des Philoso-
22
Koen Vermeir. phies Arabes et Mdivales.
23
http://www.sphere.univ-paris-diderot.fr/.
4
Jean Jolivet.
24
Journe des Doctorants.
5
Roshdi Rashed.
25
Sabine Rommevaux-Tani.
6
Recherches pistmologiques et Historiques
26
Odile Kouteynikoff sur les Sciences Exactes et les Institutions
Scientifiques.
7
Neurosciences.
8
Michel Paty.

. 1


( ). .
:
.
:

111 .
.

02 04 4931
( 122 111 . ). . :
988 .
. 1996 2311
. .
( 633
663) .

. .
.
.
:
.

40

SPHERE
.
3 master LOPHISS

. .
24

SPHERE .

(
) .
.
( )

.
.


.
.


.

-
02 04 4931

... .
. SPHERE -
-
(
- 2 1
) 26 2311-2314 (
)... .
.

.
.
(

44

- .
- 63 11
-4 ( 13 23


18 ) 19: 8 3
- .
-
- SPHERE

-1 (
23 ) .
- SPHERE
-
- :
- -1 (
-6 13 )11:
( 21 ) 22 -
: -
- -
- -
-2 (
- 12 13 14
) 11:
- :

02 04 4931
-
23 SPHERE
. -
.:
. -


- 19 23
. -3 (
16 ) 13:
-
16
. -
42
( )


.

.
. 94-91

.
( 13
pdf .
) . 1 13
1 (
)
(
)
. ( ) .
:
1
tabar_1988@yahoo.com
.

02 04 4931

SPHERE 3

1932 4
1

1 ( REHSEIS 2SPHro
)6 ( 3) 1
(-)
( ( )CNRS .
CHSPAM REHSEIS
2339 .
)3 1984 ( CHSPAM
- )3
8 - 9 .


3


-
. . 1394 24 29 6

.
.

:
. 91 .


.
. .
.

4 1 . .
:
1
.Morteza2022@gmail.com .

.

02 04 4931


.

.


.


.


3

.

. .


: -
.
.
.


. .
.
.
. .

:
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
: .
02 04 4931

:
. .
.
: .

.
.
-


.

- .
3

1394


.
.

:
.
:
.

.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .

. .


.

02 04 4931
[ ]

.


. [ ] .


.
.
. .
:

. 3
() 91-94

1 1

( ) ( )

91-94








2 2

1



02 04 4931

() 91-94

2 2





:
3 Morteza2022@gmail.com
:

1
2


3
633 4
2311 1
6

3
8
9
13
11
12
Revising the Origins of the al-Haythams 13
)Concept of litihr (Experimentation
Ibn al-Haytham: Between mathematics and 14
Physics
11
16
13
- 18

02 04 4931
1

91-94



3 1 1


2



( ) ( )


. 16 21 94

.
18 .
:
.1

.2
.3

9 4

26
.94 94 :
.3 .1
23 .94 1
.94
. .2


02 04 4931


6 3 94 .
.

9

.
: (
maryam_zamani77@yahoo.com 1 ) .




91



33 1394

.


1298 .

.
.

02 04 4931
- 29 33 2311
3 8 1394
.
.


1 1394
.
.
:
1 keyghobadi@ut.ac.ir 0

1

.

1
6


.
.3 .
. .1

.

http://utihstest.ut.ac.ir :
.4 .


.




.
02 04 4931

.1

.

.


.
.2

.
.6 .
IPM .
4

1
91 2
2

2
3 02 04 4931
94 3 :
3
4
:
6 :
8
:
() 9 :
SPHERE 3 9
12 :
( 19 ) 13

11

16

18

:
: 19

21
22


24
21
26

28
33
32


32
33



43

43


1 :
23
2 1413334491 : :
13141183688993316 :
3 88993318 :
www.utihs.ut.ac.ir
tarikhelm@ut.ac.ir
3
( )

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi