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Specification for
Painting and Coating of
Onshore Process Facilities
PART 4:
SURFACE PREPARATION,
APPLICATION AND INSPECTION
OF COATING SYSTEMS
Keywords:
Abrasive
Blast cleaning
Coating
Inspection
Painting
Safety
Spray application
Surface preparation
Testing
Thickness
Ventilation
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be
disclosed to others nor reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical,
reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.
Signed :
UER/CFDH Materials & Corrosion
M.Jansen
INSTRUCTIONS TO USER
Make sure this is the latest issue of this specification. Refer to the EMDS for the last issue date.
Where this Specification refers to DEPs and International Standards, it refers to the issues that were in-use
when the author wrote this Specification. Exceptions are references to specific issues. If you use DEPs or
International Standards with this Specification, make sure you use the relevant issues.
Do not change this Specification without approval. Only the Custodian, the Corporate Functional
Discipline Head (CFDH) who owns this Specification, can give approval for changes. If you think the
Specification is not correct, write your comments on a copy of the User Comment Form. The form is the
last page of this Specification.
Contents
1 Preface........................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Applicability.....................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Language and Units of Measurement...............................................................................................................6
2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................7
2.1 General..............................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................7
3 Coating Materials.....................................................................................................................8
3.1 Procurement and Storage..................................................................................................................................8
3.1.1 Approvals..................................................................................................................................................8
3.1.2 Uniformity of Supply................................................................................................................................8
3.1.3 Packaging, Labelling and Shelf Life.........................................................................................................8
3.2 Preparation for Use...........................................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 Homogenising...........................................................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Mixing of Two-Component Coatings.......................................................................................................9
3.2.3 Thinning....................................................................................................................................................9
4 Equipment...............................................................................................................................10
4.1 Compressors....................................................................................................................................................10
4.2 Blast Cleaning Equipment..............................................................................................................................10
4.3 Abrasives.........................................................................................................................................................10
4.4 Spraying Equipment........................................................................................................................................11
4.5 Scaffolding, Staging and Accessibility...........................................................................................................11
5 Surface Preparation................................................................................................................12
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................12
5.2 Prior to Blast Cleaning....................................................................................................................................12
5.2.1 Solvent Cleaning.....................................................................................................................................12
5.3 Power Tool Cleaning.......................................................................................................................................12
5.4 Blast Cleaning.................................................................................................................................................13
5.4.1 Environmental Conditions......................................................................................................................13
5.4.2 Blast Cleaning Techniques......................................................................................................................13
5.4.3 Grade of Surface Finish..........................................................................................................................14
5.4.4 Degree of Roughness..............................................................................................................................14
5.4.5 Post Blast Cleaning.................................................................................................................................14
5.4.6 Preparation of Coated Surfaces...............................................................................................................14
5.4.7 Preparation of Corroded Surfaces...........................................................................................................14
5.4.8 Stainless Steel and Galvanised and Non-ferrous Surfaces.....................................................................15
5.4.9 Inspection................................................................................................................................................15
6 Coating Application................................................................................................................16
6.1 Environmental Conditions during Coating.....................................................................................................16
6.1.1 Weather Conditions.................................................................................................................................16
6.1.2 Weather Protection..................................................................................................................................16
6.1.3 Ventilation...............................................................................................................................................16
6.2 Application techniques....................................................................................................................................17
6.2.1 General....................................................................................................................................................17
6.2.2 Protection of Equipment.........................................................................................................................18
6.2.3 Airless Spray...........................................................................................................................................18
6.2.4 Brush Application...................................................................................................................................18
6.2.5 Roller Application...................................................................................................................................19
6.2.6 Glass Reinforced Epoxy Lining..............................................................................................................19
6.2.7 Specialist Coating Systems.....................................................................................................................19
6.2.8 Design Requirements for Effective Coating Application .....................................................................19
7 Control and Inspection...........................................................................................................20
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................20
7.2 Project Co-ordination and Technical Service..................................................................................................20
7.3 Inspection and Testing....................................................................................................................................20
7.4 Reporting.........................................................................................................................................................25
8 Safety........................................................................................................................................27
8.1 General............................................................................................................................................................27
8.2 Fire and Explosion Hazard..............................................................................................................................27
8.2.1 Ventilation and Extraction.......................................................................................................................27
8.2.2 Sources of Ignition..................................................................................................................................27
8.2.3 Storage....................................................................................................................................................28
8.2.4 Cleanliness..............................................................................................................................................28
8.2.5 Fire-fighting Equipment..........................................................................................................................28
8.3 Toxic Hazards.................................................................................................................................................28
8.3.1 General....................................................................................................................................................28
8.3.2 Inhalation................................................................................................................................................29
8.3.3 Ingestion..................................................................................................................................................29
8.3.4 Skin Contact............................................................................................................................................30
8.3.5 Eye Protection.........................................................................................................................................30
8.3.6 Disposal of Residues from Cleaning and Coating Operations................................................................30
8.4 Safe Working Conditions................................................................................................................................30
8.4.1 Blast Cleaning and Painting Equipment.................................................................................................30
8.4.2 Blasting and Painting Operations in Confined Areas.............................................................................30
8.4.3 Drying.....................................................................................................................................................31
8.5 Scaffolding and Ladders.................................................................................................................................31
8.6 Safety Reporting.............................................................................................................................................31
9 Related Business Control Documents...................................................................................32
9 Appendix A Glossary of Definitions, and Abbreviations...................................................34
9.1 Standard Definitions.......................................................................................................................................34
9.2 Special Definitions..........................................................................................................................................34
9.3 Abbreviations..................................................................................................................................................35
Appendix B Contractors Daily Painting Report.....................................................................36
Tables
1 Preface
1 Background
This Specification SP-1246, covers the minimum requirements for protective painting and coating systems
materials and application methods for the internal and external surface of steel structures and equipment
within the oil and gas production facilities.
Relevant structures and equipment include aboveground and buried, onshore tanks, vessels, in-station
pipework, structural steelwork, and electrical and mechanical equipment.
Whilst the Specification is directed predominantly at protection of onshore oil and gas installations, it also
covers external protective coating of marine facilities such as mooring buoys, barges and launches.
Internal surfaces of pumps, valves and other mechanical equipment requiring special protective treatments,
are not dealt with in this Specification. For guidance on this contact UER/CFDH Materials and Corrosion.
The external coating of new pipelines and existing pipelines requiring rehabilitation are covered in the
alternative Specifications and procedures listed below.
GU-368 Guidelines For The Protection Of Buried Sections Of Surface Laid Pipelines/Flowlines
PR-1180 Procedure for Qualification of Pipeline Rehabilitation Coating Systems
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen. Technical Specification for External Polyethylene and Polypropylene Coating for
Line Pipe
DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen. Technical Specification for External Fusion-bonded Epoxy Powder Coating for
Line Pipe
2 Applicability
All coating work shall be carried out in accordance with this Specification. If a variance is required then
approval, in writing, from the Custodian UER/CFDH Corrosion and Materials is required.
This specification does not apply to concrete structures. For concrete structures in corrosive environment
consult UER/CFDH Materials and Corrosion.
This is Part 3 of a five part Specification and must be read in conjunction with Parts 1, 2, 4 and 5.
PART 1 specifies technical and related requirements. This part includes performance tests and acceptance
criteria for assessing the acceptability of paint/coating/lining systems for each service specified in Parts 2
and 3.
PART 2 contains recommended protective coating systems for the following categories with respect to
new construction painting/coating activities:
- External surfaces of carbon steel structures, piping and equipment, onshore and marine
- External surfaces of buried carbon steel structures and piping (except Class I and Class II
pipelines)
- Internal surfaces of tanks and vessels
- Stainless steel and galvanised piping and equipment
- Areas beneath insulation
- Specialist applications
This part also gives descriptions of the generic types of paint used for new construction projects. The
descriptions apply equally to the maintenance paint systems presented in Part 3.
Protective coatings for new pipelines based on Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP) or Fusion Bonded
Epoxy (FBE), are not specifically covered in this Specification but the general good practices described in
this part are equally applicable to the coating of line pipe.
PART 3 contains recommended maintenance coating systems the following categories with respect to
location and painting/coating activities and inspection of old coatings:
- External coatings on carbon steel structures, piping and equipment, onshore and marine
- External coatings of below ground carbon steel structures and piping including Class I and
Class II pipelines
- Internal coated surfaces of tanks and vessels
- Stainless steel and galvanised piping and equipment
PART 4 contains the detailed requirements for surface preparation and application of coatings to the
categories stated in Parts 2 and 3. This Part contains HSE advice and general inspection requirements.
PART 5 Contains the list of approved coating systems and is a live document that will be updated by UER.
This includes coating systems that have been grandfathered in.
New Projects
PARTS 1, 2 and 4 apply in their entirety to new projects where painting and coating activities are carried
out at site or in the shop.
For painting and coating of package items, carried out prior to delivery to site or to existing facilities, the
requirements, stated in PARTS 1 and 4, apply in their entirety, whilst those of PART 2 apply where
applicable.
Maintenance
Where maintenance painting is to be done, PDOs technical requirements are stated in PART 1 and those
sections of PART 3 and 4 as appropriate, dependent upon the Scope of Work.
2 Introduction
4 General
This part of Specification SP-1246 outlines the minimum requirements for preparation and painting of steel
surfaces of equipment and structures in the PDO oil and gas production and processing facilities. The costs
and commitment for regular inspection and testing at all stages of a painting contract, whether for new
construction or for upgrade, generally prove attractive by saving costs and time for premature coating
repair and by ensuring that the protective system extends to its full service life.
Only PDO approved coating contractors who have an approved QA manual and HSE plans and procedures
in place that include coating application and surface preparation are allowed to apply coatings on PDO
equipment.
The Paint Contractor must have in place a Method Statement (MS) which covers all aspects of safety and
an Inspection and Test Plan (ITP), approved by the PDO Materials and Integrity Management Department,
prior to starting the work.
Only personnel, having the necessary, valid inspection qualifications and specific experience with the
application of the particular system being used, will be permitted to undertake painting and coating
inspection.
5 Scope
This Specification covers the minimum requirements for surface preparation, application and inspection of
new construction and maintenance coating systems on steel structures for PDO oil and gas
production/processing facilities and related utilities.
This Specification is intended for use by Petroleum Development Oman LLC in specifying painting and
coating requirements for new construction and maintenance projects.
Cases not covered in this Specification shall be discussed with the Document Custodian UER/CFDH
Materials and Corrosion.
3 Coating Materials
6 Procurement and Storage
6.1 Approvals
The Purchaser shall approve all paint, coating and lining materials for each project.
All coating materials specified in a particular painting schedule or those intended for application to a group
of similar surfaces shall be products from the same manufacturer.
Paints shall be supplied in the original undamaged manufacturers containers, complete with product
references, batch numbers and expiry of shelf life clearly shown. Except for specific sampling that may be
taken for testing/inspection, the containers shall remain unopened until required for use.
The paint consignment shall be examined upon receipt to verify that containers are correctly labelled and
that paperwork, confirming product composition and traceability, application method and health and safety
information, is correct. Each container must have its own clear, securely fixed label that must contain the
following information, legibly printed in English:
coating name
coating description
contents name and identification code
colour reference
batch number
batch manufacture date
shelf life expiry date
manufacturers name and recognised trade mark
basic information and instruction for:
- flammability and fire protection
- ventilation and personnel protection requirements
- spillage and skin contact
Paint that has exceeded its marked shelf life shall not be used. Additionally, paint shall not be used if it has
thickened to such extent that more than 5% by part (10% by part for primers) of the correct thinners is
required to bring it to application consistency. Any damaged containers and containers with loose fitting
lids shall not be used.
The oldest paint in stock shall be drawn first to ensure correct stock rotation.
Mixing of painting and coating materials is critical and should be carried out under close supervision to
ensure correct results. The drum should be opened and the bulk of the liquid portion poured into a clean
drum of similar size with an open top. The residual paste shall then be broken up by stirring with a wide
strong wooden paddle. Once the residue has been worked into a smooth and uniform paste, the liquid
portion, originally poured off, shall be replaced in small quantities, while stirring with a power driven
stirrer moving with a figure-of-eight motion. If the residue cannot be worked into a smooth and uniform
paste by this treatment, the paint shall not be used.
When the paint appears to be completely uniform, it shall be boxed by pouring repeatedly from one drum
to the other. Before use, the paint shall be strained through 100 mesh metal gauze to ISO 3310 to remove
any skin or small lumps.
Only thinner supplied, recommended or approved by the paint manufacturer for the particular paint type
shall be used.
Where coatings are being used containing metallic or heavy pigments that have a tendency to settle, a
power driven stirrer shall be used in a pressure pot or fitted in the supply drum for an airless spray pump.
Paints that are supplied as two components in separate containers shall be mixed together immediately
before use and shall be applied within the time specified by the Manufacturer. The methods of preparing
these types of paint shall be as follows
Epoxy resin-based paints and high-build epoxy paints are supplied as two components in separate
containers in the correct proportions for mixing. These components shall be mixed in the correct
proportions since curing takes place by chemical reaction. Once mixed, the paint shall be used within
the time limits specified by the supplier (pot life). When the base material has settled out it shall be
stirred thoroughly in order to reduce its viscosity before adding the curing agent.
Choose quantity of curing agent, accelerator and inhibitor according to the Manufacturers
recommendations and ambient temperature. Inhibitor and/or accelerator ( as appropriate) must be
thoroughly mixed with the glassflake before adding the required amount of MEK-peroxide
If the temperature is near the maximum permitted in the zone seek guidance from the manufacturer
(changes will depend on the degree of pre-accelerator already applied). It is recommended to reduce the
content of peroxide/accelerator respectively or to increase the content of inhibitor. For all stages of
mixing follow the manufacturers recommendations.
Zinc-silicate paints are supplied as separate powder and vehicle in the correct proportions for mixing.
They shall be mixed thoroughly before use and stirred frequently during application.
Products from different Manufacturers shall not be used in the same coating system, although in
maintenance painting, this may be permitted at the discretion of PDO, when new systems are to be
applied over existing sound coatings.
7.3 Thinning
Thickening is usually due to prolonged storage. If thickening prevents proper application by brush, not
more than 5% by part of thinner shall be added. In all cases, thinners recommended or approved by the
paint manufacturer shall be used.
4 Equipment
8 Compressors
Air compressors shall comply with the safety requirements in Section 8 of this Specification. The
compressed air supply used for blasting shall be free from water and oil. Adequate dryers, separators and
traps shall be provided and these shall be kept emptied of water and oil. Accumulations of water and oil
shall be removed from the air receiver by regular purging.
Air compressors shall not deliver air at a temperature greater than 110oC
Compressors and associated pressure vessels shall be protected against over-pressuring by fitting relief
valves. Pressure test certificates for all vessels and valves shall be made available on site for inspection.
Blasting cleaning and spray painting equipment shall be continuously bonded from nozzle to compressor
which shall be earthed and conductive hoses used to prevent build-up of static electricity.
The blasting abrasive shall be discharged with a pressure at the nozzle (measured with a hypodermic
pressure gauge) of 700 kPa g, (100 psig) and shall not under any circumstances fall below 650 kPa g (95
psig). To restrict pressure drops, pressure hoses should be correctly sized and as short as possible. The
inspector will check to ensure that all hose joints are wired to ensure earthing and connections are leak
tight and properly maintained.
Venturi, rather than parallel bore, nozzles shall be used. These shall be constructed of tungsten carbide or
boron and discarded when wear reaches 50%.
The blasting operators hood or headgear shall be ventilated by clean cool air served through a regulator/
filter to prevent blasting residues from being inhaled by the operator. The air supply shall come from the
compressor, be passed through suitable filters and be free from oil and water. Ventilation of the hood shall
meet the requirements laid down in BS 4275.
10 Abrasives
Abrasives that may be used in blast cleaning are specified in ISO 11126 parts 1-10 and ISO 8504-2.
Suitable abrasives include the following:
Crushed slags which are expendable are referenced in ISO-11126 parts 1-10
- Blast furnace slag part 6 of ISO-11126
- Copper slag part 3 of ISO-11126
- Aluminium silicate part 4 of ISO-11126
Natural minerals which are re-usable
- Garnet part 10 of ISO-11126
HIGH-SILICA SAND AND OTHER MATERIALS CONTAINING FREE SILICA SHALL NOT BE
USED.
Abrasive shall be free from oil, grease, moisture, salts, and shall not be rusty, noticeably worn or dull when
compared with fresh material. The abrasive selected shall be suitable to achieve the degree of blast profile
recommended by the paint Manufacturer and as stated in the painting schedules.
Expendable abrasives shall be free of metallic copper, chlorides and soluble salts and shall contain no more
than 2% by weight copper oxide.
Isolated spot blasting on previously coated surfaces should be carried out using vacuum recovery blasting
equipment.
Preparation of stainless steel may be done using aluminium oxide or other abrasives that are free of
chloride and iron and steel contamination.
Abrasives, specified as non-reusable, shall not be reused without prior approval of PDO.
11 Spraying Equipment
The spraying equipment to be used shall meet the recommendations and instructions set forth by the Paint
Manufacturer for each specific paint or coating system. For airless spray, the correct tip range and fluid
pressure setting shall be used.
For conventional sprays an adequate moisture trap shall be placed between the air supply and pressure pot
feed to the gun. The trap shall continuously bleed off any water or oil from the air supply.
Suitable working regulators and gauges shall be provided for the air supply to the pump or pressure pot.
Spraying units shall be earthed and precautions taken to prevent build-up of static electricity.
The contractor shall provide all rigging and scaffolding equipment needed to complete the work in
accordance with the specification.
Scaffolding shall not be removed until after the final inspection of the coating.
5 Surface Preparation
13 General
Surface preparation shall be carried out in general accordance with the following standards ISO-8501,ISO
8502, ISO-8503 and ISO-8504 which have been developed to cover all aspects of surface preparation.
To prevent damage during blast cleaning, sensitive components such as valve stems, gauges, nameplates,
areas to be welded, etc, shall be protected by masking with adhesive tape. Such items and areas shall
remain protected until the painting is completed.
Solvent cleaning where specified, shall be in accordance with SSPC-SP-1 Solvent Cleaning. Solvent
cleaning shall normally be carried out prior to blast or power tool cleaning. Any traces or smudges of oil
or grease discovered on the blast cleaned surface shall be removed by solvent washing and the whole area
re-blasted.
All surfaces to be painted which do not require blast cleaning or power tool cleaning shall be cleaned down
thoroughly, followed by washing down with copious amounts of fresh water. A high-pressure cleaning unit
is particularly effective in this application.
Acid washes, or other cleaning solutions or solvents shall not be used on metal surfaces after they are blast
or power tool cleaned and prior to paint application.
Wet grit blasting may be considered where dust control is required. Contact UER/CFDH Materials and
Corrosion for specific details.
Power tool cleaning, by scraping, chipping or wire brushing cannot remove firmly adherent millscale and
shall be carried out according to ISO 8504-3:1993 and only with the approval of PDO. The following tools
shall be used:
electric or air driven needle guns followed by hand or electric powered wire brushes
electric or air driven disc sanders followed by needle guns where required to achieve the
specified profile
Power Tool cleaning shall extend to a minimum of 25 mm into adjoining coated areas and shall be to an
equivalent to a visual standard in accordance with ISO-8501-1 St 3.
Needle guns shall have needles of small cross-section, either chisel or pointed tips appropriate for the item
under preparation.
The profile of a surface prepared by needle guns shall not exceed 50 microns differential and no sharp
edges, craters, etc. shall be left on the metal surface. All rough peaks shall be removed.
Stainless steel tools and wire brushes shall be used to prepare stainless steel surfaces. Carbon steel shall not
be used
Brass tools can be used in areas where all sparking must be avoided.
Areas prepared for painting by power and hand tool cleaning shall be primed within four hours and never
left unprimed overnight.
16 Blast Cleaning
It is essential to ensure that no condensation occurs on blasted steel. To prevent dust and abrasive
contamination, blast cleaning shall not be done in open areas close to painting operations or where freshly
coated surfaces are still wet. As with other surface preparation methods, blast cleaning shall not be
permitted outside daylight hours, except that rough blasting shall be allowed during the night providing
that the surface is given a light blasting to the specified standard in subsequent daylight.
When blast cleaning in enclosed spaces, such as tanks and vessels, adequate ventilation shall be provided
as detailed in section 8. Full details to be submitted for review by PDO prior to commencement of the
work.
In enclosed vessels acceptable environmental conditions can be maintained by the use of dehumidifiers.
Adequate lighting shall be provided to ensure that a minimum lighting level of 500 lux is achieved.
Surface preparation using abrasive grits shall be performed generally in accordance with ISO 8504-2.
Maximum speed and the most effective cleaning are obtained by systematic, even blasting. Blasting the
work in squares may be helpful.
Plate and small sections may be cleaned, prior to fabrication or assembly, in closed containers such a
wheelabrators or in manual blast cubicles where the abrasive may be recovered, cleaned and reused.
Blast cleaning shall overlap by a minimum of 25mm into any adjacent coated areas. Steel work not primed
and/or wetted by rain or moisture shall be blasted again prior to being painted.
Although seldom used for surface preparation prior to painting, blasting a surface with high-pressure water
is widely used for removing surface debris and contaminants, The technique is commonly used underwater
for removing marine growth on ships, jetties and offshore structures at typical pressures of 20 MPa. (3000
psi)
When using high-pressure water jetting to clean a lined or coated surface, the nozzle pressure must be
controlled to prevent coating damage and should generally be less than 700 kPa (100psi).
Mill scale, rust, corrosion products, paint or any other foreign matter shall be removed by blast cleaning to
the grades specified.
For any coating, painting, lining or wrapping work, the standard grades of surface finish by blast cleaning
shall be specified using ISO 8501-1.
The required degree of surface roughness or peak-to-valley height after blast cleaning depends on the type
of paint to be applied. In general, a surface roughness in the range of 30 to 75 microns is usually required
for coating systems with a maximum DFT of 400 microns. For DFTs greater than 400 microns, the surface
roughness should be 75-100 microns. Refer to Part 2 for surface profiles for each PCS. The surface profile
shall be measured using methods A and C as detailed in ASTM D4417. These are for use of surface
comparator and Testex tape. The mean value as described in Method C shall be used to determine the
surface profile. The actual measurement for inspection shall be the mean value using Method C and this
shall be recorded in the daily painting record sheet.
A dry abrasive blast cleaned surface shall be brushed with clean brushes made of hair, bristle or fibre,
blown off with compressed air (free from oil and water) or vacuum cleaned to remove all traces of blast-
cleaned products from the surface or from pockets and corners. Surface cleanliness shall be in accordance
with ISO 8502-3 and other relevant sections of ISO 8502 as required by coating application procedure.
Tests shall be carried out to confirm the degree of cleanliness and full details shall be included in the
Method Statement.
For external coating no surface shall be blast cleaned which cannot be painted within the same working
day. For internal surfaces where humidity is < 30% then application of coating can be delayed depending
on measured humidity levels. Any time constraints between blasting and the application of paint coatings
as specified by paint Manufacturers shall be strictly applied. Should delays between blasting and painting
cause flash rusting of the steel surface, that surface shall be given a sweep blast before painting can
proceed.
Coated surfaces that are to be overcoated shall be cleaned of contaminants (see 5.2 above) and rinsed in
fresh water and allowed to dry before overcoating.
All defective coatings shall be removed by scraping, sand discing or sweep blasting back to sound coating
in general accordance with the requirements of ISO-8501-2. Any surface gloss shall be made matt using
abrasive paper, light discing or sweep blasting. At areas for spot repair, a 25mm margin of the existing
coating shall be prepared and the interface feathered to a fine edge taking care not to damage the
undercoat. For pipeline repair the interface shall be feathered and the area shall extend to 150mm.
Previously uncoated areas that have corroded during service normally should be included in the scope of
work for any future maintenance painting.
Methods for cleaning old corroded steel will depend on the nature of the surface. If the surface is hot
rolled, it is likely to be covered with a tenacious layer of millscale which, if left, will lead to pitting
corrosion. The only effective way to remove it is by grit blasting.
Loose rust, millscale, and other corrosion deposits can be removed from corroded cold rolled steel by the
aid of hand brushing, scraping, chipping and other hand impact methods. Layered and stratified rust scale
can be removed by chipping and hammering. Final grit blasting will be needed to achieve a surface
suitable for subsequent paint application on completion of the removal of corrosion products.
For tanks and vessels that are to be lined for the first time after some time in service, care must be taken to
remove all rust scales contaminated with soluble salts. The equipment must be initially thoroughly washed
with fresh water or with water abrasive blasting. Heavily pitted surfaces shall require steam cleaning to
remove deeply embedded more adherent contaminants. Tests shall be carried out to confirm the degree of
cleanliness and full details included in the Method Statement.
Require thorough degreasing by solvent cleaning to ISO-8501 or by high-pressure water jetting after
applying a biodegradable detergent, rinse with fresh water. The surface may be prepared for coating
application by keying the surface by hand or power methods or by light blast cleaning using suitable
abrasives.
Stainless steel surfaces shall not be treated with carbon steel cleaning tools.
Zinc salts shall be removed from galvanised surfaces by jetting with fresh water and suitable solvent
followed by scrubbing with stiff bristle brushes or by sand papering.
Areas of damaged galvanising shall be lightly power tool cleaned to ISO 8504-3 St 3 in preparation for
treating with an approved zinc-rich epoxy primer. Larger areas may blast cleaned to ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.
See part-3 for details of repairs
16.9 Inspection
The blast cleaned surfaces shall be inspected and shall comply with the requirements specified in
Section 7 and as detailed in the Method Statement and ITP.
6 Coating Application
17 Environmental Conditions during Coating
As with cleaning and surface preparation, coating work shall not be undertaken in unsuitable
environmental conditions, including:
Where environmental conditions and/or Contractors programme and/or construction methods require
weather protection of all or part of the structure to be painted, the Contractor shall provide plant and
equipment such as tents, heating ventilation or equipment for dehumidification, scaffolding, screening, etc.
17.3 Ventilation
Where painting is carried out in enclosed spaces, adequate ventilation shall be provided. The capacity of
the ventilation shall be as described in Section 8, sufficient to keep the concentration of solvent vapour in
the air below 10% of the lower explosion limit at all areas within the workspace. As a guide, six full air
changes are required each hour.
For information on current regulations covering emissions from Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) see
Section 3.2.6 in Part 1. Requirements for the threshold limit values for chemical substances and Physical
Agents are referenced in ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) which is
the document used by PDO. For further details see Section 8.3.
Direction of ventilation shall be from top to bottom to withdraw vapours, which are heavier than air.
Where access at the bottom of the space is not available, suction ducts shall be suspended from the roof
with openings near to the bottom of spaces served.
The Contractor shall prepare a Method Statement explaining clearly how he will provide adequate
ventilation and how he will monitor it during the blasting and coating operations.
18 Application techniques
18.1 General
PDO will use only approved coating contractors and, in certain cases, only contractors approved by the
Paint Manufacturer can be used. Contractor must submit a Method Statement for approval and have it
approved prior to starting any work. Where applicable, the Method Statement to contain reference to
techniques described in this section.
The method of application shall be selected to ensure that the coating is applied in a uniform manner to the
specified dry film thickness without runs, sags, drips or other imperfections.
Each coat shall be allowed to dry for at least the time recommended by the Manufacturer. Subsequent coats
shall not be applied until the previous coat has dried. The Contractor shall make good all damage caused to
previous coats such as wrinkling, lifting or loss of adhesion, resulting from premature overcoating.
Paint shall not be applied within 50mm of an edge prepared for a field weld, by masking for a distance of
50mm on each side of the weld line.
On completion of finish coating, the plant identification, flow direction arrows, pipe identification colour
bands, etc. shall be applied as requested and directed by PDO.
Extra coats of paint shall be applied to certain areas and features to achieve adequate thickness where the
structure shape or restricted access may result in thinly applied coating. Such areas include:
To provide additional cover, all such areas will receive a stripe coat for each coat of paint applied. The
Contractor will include details of stripe coating in his Method Statement.
Apply zinc silicates with care, to avoid film defects due to excessive thickness. Brush apply paint
to small areas. Any surfaces that show mud-cracking shall be blast cleaned and reprimed in
accordance with this Specification.
Blast clean damaged areas, previously coated with zinc silicate and prime with a two-pack zinc
rich epoxy primer (containing at least 90% by weight of zinc in the dry film.
Minimise the need to repair surfaces coated with zinc silicate primer. Surfaces with excessive
damage shall be reblasted and reprimed.
Overcoat zinc silicate and zinc rich epoxy primers before the formation of zinc salts.
Inorganic zinc silicates require the application of a mist coat prior to the application of any
subsequent coat.
Do not apply zinc silicate primers over hand or mechanically cleaned steel surfaces.
Prevent overspraying zinc rich paints onto adjacent duplex or austenitic stainless steel or nickel
alloys or 9% nickel steel, components by providing adequate masking off.
The Contractor shall protect all equipment and structures and any other areas required by PDO, from
mechanical damage and from paint droppings or overspray.
- threaded components and sliding surfaces such as valve spindles and stem threads, actuators,
linkages
- gauge glasses, instruments, and light fittings
- nameplates giving makers specifications, etc, on tanks, vessels, mechanical equipment
- machinery and electric motors
- electrical and control cables
- mating faces of flanges
- stainless steel pipework
- gratings,
- adjacent buildings, vehicles or any other areas of the structure not specified for painting.
Special attention shall be paid to protecting equipment that is operating at the time of painting.
All lines and pots shall be thoroughly cleaned before any addition is made of new materials. The coating
shall be spray applied in accordance with the coating Manufacturers recommendations. Even, parallel
passes shall be made, each pass overlapping the other by 50%.
The compressed air, used for spray application, shall be free of water contamination and at the correct
pressure and part for the specific work requirements.
Large surfaces shall be cross-coated by receiving passes in two directions at right angles to each other.
The gun shall not be operated continuously but will be triggered before and after each pass to obtain the
correct spray pattern and to avoid runs and sags.
Spray width adjustments on the gun and re-adjustment of atomising pressure at the regulators shall be
made until the desired spray pattern is obtained within manufacturers recommendations.
Each coat shall be applied uniformly and completely over the entire surface. Great care shall be taken to
avoid areas of low DFT and misses. All runs and sags shall be brushed out immediately or the paint shall
be removed and the surfaces resprayed.
Before spraying each coat, all areas such as corners, angles, edges, welds, flanges, brackets, bolts, nuts and
interstices shall be given a brush stripe coat to ensure that these have at least the minimum specified film
thickness.
Coating shall be brushed on to all areas that cannot be adequately spray coated, such as difficult access,
complex shapes, areas adjacent to sensitive components that cannot be masked and areas requiring astripe
coating.
Application by roller shall only be done on large flat or slightly curved surfaces where application by spray
is not possible. This method is not suitable for painting rough areas or crevices.
When glassflake or fibreglass reinforced lining systems are used, a project specific Method Statement will
be prepared which will detail how the particular structure will be lined. Reference will need to be made to
the application instructions of the coating system Vendor.
A specific Method Statement will be prepared for application of specialist coatings in accordance with
Materials and Corrosion Engineering Dept guidelines. Specialist coatings shall be applied by the Vendors
approved applicator.
To minimise the risk of coating failure the following shall be considered in the design and fabrication of the
steel work to be coated.
All internals of vessels and tanks that require coating must be made accessible so that coating can be applied
to all areas to be wetted by the process fluids. Such areas include internal piping, beneath base plates of tank
roof supports, roof plates and trusses.
During fabrication all edges shall be ground to a minimum radius of 3mm and flame cut edges will not be
permitted. Stitch welding shall not be permitted, all welds must be continuous and be correctly dressed to
remove weld spatter and slag.
The Manufacturer will be expected to provide technical back-up and advice in respect to the application of
his products.
PDO shall have the right to witness and inspect all aspects of the operation from acceptance of the raw
materials to final close-out inspection at the conclusion of the works.
The PDO nominated Inspector will inspect all works associated with the entire surface preparation and
paint application processes in accordance with the following Sections and as stated in the ITP and Method
Statement. Inspection results shall be included on a daily record sheet as shown in Appendix B.
PDO will establish a system of Hold Points whereby the Contractor may not proceed until he receives
clearance. The following Hold Points will be identified:
45 oCross cut test Cross-cut and peel tests to ASTM-3359 45 oCross cut test For checking internal surfaces and local repairs.
For repairs test adhesion between first coat and substrate and between
coats. Acceptance: Classification 5A or 4A
See note 7 for details
Film integrity/ Conductivity Holiday Testing to High Voltage Spark Tester Calibration: High voltage - 5-6V per 1 coating thickness9
porosity NACE RP0188-99
Notes to Table 2
2. Surface Cleanliness
The Contractor shall visually examine the surface to ensure that dust or dirt has been removed.
The Inspector shall not accept a blasted surface contaminated by large embedded abrasive particles that can
not be brushed off using a stiff brush. If such contamination is detected, no further blasting shall be
performed, using the same batch of abrasive. Tightly adherent embedded fine particles, however, need not
be a cause for rejection.
Work may be allowed to continue using a different batch, make or type of abrasive approved by PDO.
When using copper slag abrasive under high ambient temperature condition, as in Oman, the visual
standard Sa 2 may not be obtained due to embedded fine particles causing a different shade. If there is
any doubt on the acceptability of the prepared surface, the Contractor shall provide a dedicated visual
standard for Sa 2 using copper slag under these conditions.
3. Soluble Salts
Soluble salts on a steel surface are taken up in distilled water using a Bressle Sampler. The Bressle titration
method shall be used to measure the chloride content. From titration measurements, the recommended
maximum salt contamination for immersed surfaces or for tank and vessel coatings is 20-40mg/m 2
chloride. Note the value for maintenance work is higher at 60-80mg/m2
4. Ventilation
Before and during blasting and coating work in enclosed spaces, adequate ventilation shall be established.
During coating operations the vapour concentration shall be monitored at regular intervals using approved
equipment and should never exceed 10% of Lower Explosion Limit. This is considered adequate for
personnel health protection, avoidance of explosion hazards and to ensure adequate evaporation of solvent
from the paint. The TLV (Threshold Limit Value) or MAC (Maximum Allowable Concentration) of the
paint used must be known. Ventilation shall be such as to maintain, wherever practical, a safe atmosphere
below the TLV.
Guidelines for the number of DFT measurements for external coatings to be made after each coat may be
usefully based on the 80-20 Rule. This rule suggests that:
- the measured thickness must not be less than 80% of the specified DFT and
- a maximum of 20% of the total area painted may be below the specified DFT
The following statistical measurement procedure for the Rule is suggested:
1. Select a number of randomly chosen and continuous 10m2 areas in such a way that 5% of the
entire control area is covered.
2. In each area, select a minimum of five 50cm2 sized test fields.
Take three DFT readings in each field and calculate the mean value to be as one single measurement
Acceptance criteria:
- No more than 20% of the total of single measurements to be less than the minimum
specified DFT
- The lowest single measurement should be at least 80% of the minimum specified DFT
The DFT of different layers of a paint system may be measured using a paint inspection gauge using
calibrated cutters and microscope. This however is a destructive test and not suitable for production
painting.
For internal coating systems use a 90:10 rule and apply the same procedure as above.
Pull off adhesion testing in accordance with ISO-4624 and cross cut testing in accordance with ASTM
D3359 shall be carried out on test panels to ensure the coating system meets the performance
requirements. The panels will then be used as a check to compare the cross testing results done on the
actual structure. Cross cut testing shall be carried out at the following frequencies. For external coatings
and repair work 1 per 100m2 with a minimum of 2 per structure. For internal coatings and repairs the
frequency shall be 1 per 10m2 with a minimum of 2 per structure. For repairs only cross cut testing shall be
used and this will be carried out on the structure.
Adhesion testing is not applicable to GRE lining or pipeline repairs.
8. Visual Inspection
Each coating applied shall be inspected visually. The paint system applied should have the correct shade,
degree of gloss and evenness and be free from tackiness after drying/curing and free from cracks, holidays,
runs, sags, wrinkles, brush or roller marks or other defects that may deleterious to the quality of the
coating. Finishing coats shall be even in colour and gloss.
9. Integrity Testing
For internal coating systems 100% of the surface shall be tested using a metallic brush type holiday
detector in accordance with NACE RP 0188-99. Special attention shall be paid to welds, edges and
irregular surfaces. For external surfaces, random inspection, which shall be representative of the entire
surface shall be conducted.
A high voltage spark detector shall be used for all heavy-duty systems including glassflake, GRE, high
DFT epoxies and pipeline coating repairs. Testing shall be in accordance with NACE RP 0188 and RP0274
(for pipeline coatings). The type of brush shall be suitable for the surface being inspected. The voltage
setting shall be according to the Manufacturers recommendations or as given in the coating system
specification. Generally the detector voltage is set at 5-6V for every micron of coating thickness.
22 Reporting
The Inspector or Contractor shall record and report daily all inspection results as stated in the Method
Statement. If work is carried out within the Sultanate of Oman, standard Daily Report Sheets as shown in
appendix-B shall be used for reporting. Such a report shall contain the following minimum information:
1. General
- Date, project and job identification, Contractor and Inspector names
- Inspection location and times
- Safety Aspects
2. Ambient Conditions
- Air and substrate temperatures, relative humidity, dew point
- Presence of wind or dust, sunlight or shade
- Access and illumination conditions
3. Surface Preparation
- Condition of surface before cleaning, cleaning method, abrasive used, nozzle sizes
and pressures
- Standard achieved surface profile (microns)
4. Coating Application
- Manufacturer, type, and batch number, amounts of paint and thinners used,
overcoating times
- Application method, equipment used, spray nozzle sizes
- Inspection tests, WFT/DFT, holiday etc. including instruments, calibration details
- Repairs.
8 Safety
23 General
The Contractor shall perform his work in compliance with the PDO HSE manual and this shall be covered
in the Method Statement or in separate documents.
When paints containing volatile solvents are applied in enclosed or confirmed spaces, two hazards exist:
- When the concentration of vapour in air is between the lower explosion limit (LEL) and the upper
explosion limit (UEL).
- When a flammable liquid, in contact with air (open container) is at a temperature above its flash
point.
- When there is a source of ignition with high enough temperature and energy to initiate the
explosion reaction.
These conditions shall be avoided at all times during the handling and application of paints or coatings.
Adequate ventilation and extraction must be provided in enclosed work places such as tanks and vessels to
prevent a potentially flammable concentration of vapours by maintaining the concentration of vapour in air
at no more than 10% of the Lower Explosion Limit. Solvent vapours are generally more dense than air so
air draw-off should be arranged near floor level. In general, after coating application, a ventilation rate of 6
times the part of the confined space per hour should be achieved.
The flash point is a rather rough but quick way of indicating the relative combustibility of volatile solvents.
It determines the approximate temperature below which combustible substances may be stored and used
without creating an explosive atmosphere.
The use of solvents with a flash point below the working temperature is prohibited.
Booths and similar enclosures should be designed, installed and maintained to prevent any vapours,
overspray and droplets escaping into the general atmosphere of the workplace. The exhausts from such
booths should be designed to minimise external environmental pollution.
All booths and ducts shall be fire resistant structures and shall be subject to regular cleaning to prevent the
accumulation of solid paint residues.
All potential sources of ignition shall be strictly controlled. Likely sources of ignition are:
naked flames
hot surfaces
smoking
Smoking shall be prohibited in all areas where paint is stored, handled or used.
Sparks, hot surfaces, flames and all other sources of ignition must be absolutely prevented. Where it is not
practical to maintain an atmosphere free of flammable gas, the Contractor shall use low-energy sparking
tools and will employ lighting and electrical equipment that are flameproof.
24.3 Storage
Special storage precautions are necessary for products having flash points below 32C. Storerooms shall
be separated from workshops and constructed to PDO approved standards. The amount of paint stored in
the workshop or working area shall be limited to one working days requirements. All containers of paint
and thinners not in use shall be kept in bins or cupboards constructed of fire-resistant materials.
Polyester and vinyl ester coating materials shall be stored at 20C and epoxy coating systems shall be
stored at 30C to preserve the pot life.
24.4 Cleanliness
Strict attention to cleanliness shall be observed. All places, where dry paint deposits can accumulate, shall
be cleaned regularly. Cleaning brushes and equipment shall be of non-ferrous metal or non-sparking
material. All scrapings and sweepings must be placed immediately in metal containers with suitable
covers, wetted down and removed from the work area.
All spillages shall be cleaned up as they occur by absorption into sand, earth or other suitable inert
material. All oil, solvent, paint-soaked rags and other combustible materials must be stored in closed metal
containers and removed to a safe place outside the work area. If combustible material is used to protect
floors or other surfaces from paint drips or spillage, it should be removed daily and deposited in a safe
place for disposal.
Contaminated clothes, overalls and similar materials shall be similarly safely retained to prevent the
possibility of instantaneous combustion.
Solvent storage drums shall be grounded and containers receiving solvent streams shall be electrically
bonded to the drum using temporary bonding straps and clamps. No plastic containers shall be used for
storing, mixing or thinning paint.
Adequate fire prevention and fire-fighting equipment shall be provided and maintained in all areas where
paint is used, handled or stored. Guidance regarding the type and amount of equipment to install shall be
obtained the PDO Safety Department.
25 Toxic Hazards
25.1 General
The organic solvents given off from paint products are, to varying degrees, toxic to humans. The vendor
shall submit SHOC for the guidance of personnel in toxicity and treatment of injurious effects of contact
with chemicals.
Application of paint containing a high proportion of solvents may, in poor conditions of ventilation, result
in high atmospheric concentrations of solvent vapour. Over exposure may cause adverse physiological
effects. Certain paints, that may give rise to specific hazards, must have warnings indicated on their
container labels and in the Manufacturers literature and on the PDO SHOC card.
The Threshold Limit Values (TLV) refer to levels of substances in the air and represent conditions under
which it is assumed that operators may be repeatedly exposed without suffering adverse affects. The
guidelines on TLV laid out in the ACGIH document adopted by PDO shall be followed.
Since the TLVs for paint solvents are much lower than the safe explosion limit concentrations, it is almost
impractical to ventilate tanks and vessels sufficiently to below the TLV limit for volatile mixtures.
Particular care must be taken when handling and using paints containing heavy metals, eg, lead and
precautions taken to protect against skin contact and fume inhalation.
25.2 Inhalation
Inhalation of fumes, dust or sprays during surface preparation, application of paint and sanding processes
shall be avoided. Employees shall be protected against the inhalation of dust, fumes or sprays during any
of the above activities by the provision of adequate ventilation at all times and where appropriate, local
extraction and dust masks or respirators.
When working in workshop areas, spraying shall be confined, so far as possible, to spray booths that are
designed, installed and maintained to prevent any vapours escaping into the general atmosphere of the
workplace.
A cartridge respirator should be worn, and fitted with a vapour/particulate cartridge designed for paint
spray and light fume protection. In some cases a higher degree of protection from an air-line breathing
apparatus may be advisable, and where this is so it will be stated in the manufacturers technical literature
and marked on paint and solvent containers. For dry-sanding operations a cartridge respirator shall be
worn.
In the open air, work or operations down wind of the spraying area shall be restricted as necessary or
personnel protection devices worn.
In an emergency, resulting in personnel in jury or sickness, the patient shall be moved to a fresh air
location as quickly as possible and kept warm until medical attention arrives. In case of unconsciousness
the patient breathing should be checked and artificial respiration given when breathing stops.
25.3 Ingestion
Accidental ingestion (swallowing) of paint may cause irritation of the mouth, throat and digestive tract,
resulting in vomiting and abdominal pain. Significant absorption of paint containing a high proportion of
solvents may cause drowsiness or loss of consciousness.
Ingestion of paint must always be avoided. Food should not be brought into, stored, prepared or consumed
in workshop or work areas where paint is handled or stored. Receptacles and utensils that could be used
for food or drink should also be excluded. Washing facilities should be provided and their use encouraged
before food is consumed or handled.
In an emergency, follow the directions of the Safety Manual and information contained in SHOC data
sheets.
Vomiting shall not be induced because of the risk of introducing solvents into lungs by inhalation of vomit.
This can result in serve lung damage. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, the patient shall be turned on his
face.
Some substances used in paint may cause irritation after repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. In
some cases there may be a risk of dermatitis. Operatives with a history of skin sensitivity should not be
employed in processes where skin contact can occur.
Barrier cream shall be provided and used. Protective gloves and overalls shall be worn.
Splashes of paint products will irritate the eyes and goggles shall be worn wherever possible. Emergency
treatment shall consist of irrigation of the eyes with copious amounts of clean water until medical attention
has been obtained.
Blast cleaning and coating operations generate large parts of unwanted residues in the form of grit
contaminated with organic and mineral deposits, particles of old paint and corrosion products, empty paint
and thinners containers, cotton waste, contaminated protective clothing and other unwanted equipment and
consumables.
The Contractor shall dispose of all residues and by-products from cleaning and coating operation strictly in
accordance with the relevant PDO, national and international regulations as detailed in the ACGIH
guidelines
Consideration shall be given during his operations to any materials that may usefully recycled and reused.
Specifically designated and controlled areas shall be used for the disposal of unused paints, solvents,
thinners and toxic substances and contaminated clothing that cannot be cleaned and reused.
Requirements for particular disposal methods of paint products and solvents must be shown on the product
containers or in SHOC data sheets.
No air hoses, blast hoses and spray lines and any other hoses subjected to internal pressure shall be used
without valid test certificates indicating safe working pressures. Hose couplings shall be wired together
using soft iron wire. The Contractor shall check all hoses and pressure items for wear and electrical
conductivity. Defective and worn items shall be immediately replaced.
The Deadman Handle type safety control valve shall be attached to the blast hose close to the blast
nozzle. In no circumstances shall it be held in the on position by any means other than hand pressure.
All blasting and spraying equipment shall be electrically earthed to the mass of the tank, vessel or structure
being cleaned or painted.
The blast cleaner shall be provided with an air-fed helmet and ear protection.
All mixing of paint shall be performed outside the confined area unless they are solvent free.
Paints not conforming to current regulations for VOC emissions (See Section 3.2. in Part 1), shall not be
used in confined areas such as tanks and vessels. High solids, low solvent or solvent-free products shall be
used. These products have much higher viscosities and there may be a need to adjust application methods
to achieve the desired surface characteristics.
When voice communication between the blast cleaner and the blast operator is not practical a reliable
system of communication by signals shall be established.
All paint sprayers shall wear air-fed protective masks that are coupled to a clean filtered air supply. A
regulator and filter system will ensure that the operators breathing air is not contaminated with paint
residues. (See Section 4.2).
Exhaust and fresh air ducts and fans shall be provided. The fresh air shall be directed to the bottom of the
tank and the exhaust duct shall be close to the bottom of the tank.
The work area shall be condoned off and warning signs provided around the structures being painted,
indicating that grit blasting, paint mixing or paint spraying operations are in progress.
A supervisor shall be in continuous contact with painters and shall have his own safety equipment ready for
an emergency entry to the vessel.
Unauthorised personnel shall not enter the tank or vessel during blasting or spraying.
Lighting and other electrical equipment shall be suitably certified for use in hazardous areas likely to be
encountered during paint spraying. A 24 volt supply, with ELCB and armoured cable shall be used.
Eye protection is a mandatory requirement for all persons within the vicinity of grit blasting or spray
painting operations.
All Contractors personnel will have to attend, as a minimum requirement, the PDO Safety Induction
Course before being allowed to enter or work on the site.
26.3 Drying
A fresh dry air supply shall be provided. The end of the exhaust duct shall be installed close to the bottom
of the tank or vessel.
Fixed scaffolding or staging shall be used as required for surface preparation and painting and shall comply
with the PDO HSE specification SP-1257 and guideline GU-363
28 Safety Reporting
In addition to indicating, on his Daily Painting Report, that all safety aspects have been satisfied, the
Contractor or his representative/personnel must conduct regular Safety Inspections throughout the duration of
the painting and coating project. He will maintain a record of dates, findings and action taken during all
inspections carried out by his personnel on his work site and equipment. Such records shall be routinely made
available to PDO.
DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen. Technical Specification for External Fusion-bonded Epoxy Powder Coating
for Line Pipe
International Standards
ASTM D 4417 Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast
Cleaned Steel
BS EN ISO 2431 Paints and varnishes Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
BS 3900-A6
ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Representative photographic examples of the change of
appearance of steel when blast-cleaned with different abrasives
ISO 8501-2: Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
ISO 8502-3 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness Part 3:
Assessment of dust on steel substrates prior to paint application
ISO 8502-4 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness Part 4:
Guidance on the estimation of probability of condensation prior to paint
application
ISO 8502-6 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness Part 6: The
Bresle method
ISO 8502-10 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness Part 10: Field
method for the titrimetric determination of water soluble chlorides.
ISO 8503-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel
substrates Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile
comparators
ISO 8503-2 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel
substrates Part 2: Method for grading of surface profile of abrasive blast-
cleaned steel - Comparator procedure
ISO 8503-4: Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel
substrates Part 4: Method for calibration of ISO comparators and for the
determination of surface profile-Stylus instrument procedure.
ISO 8504-2 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Surface preparation methods Part 2: Abrasive blast-cleaning
ISO 8504-3 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Surface preparation methods Part 3: Hand- and power-tool
cleaning
ISO 11124 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Specification for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11125 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Test Methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11127-2 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products Test methods for non-metallic blast cleaning abrasives Part 2:
Determination of particle size distribution
Contractor The PDO appointed Contractor, or his representative, for a defined piece of
work.
Inspector Person qualified to examine, measure, test, gauge or otherwise compare the
work of the Contractor with applicable standards and specifications.
Manufacturer The company responsible for the manufacture - not necessarily the Vendor.
Paint Vendors Data sheet, published and maintained by the Paint Vendor, detailing the
Technical Data Sheet properties of the paint/coating materials and the requirements for their
application. These data sheets also state the conditions for surface preparation
prior to application of paint/coating materials and associated acceptance
criteria.
Paint Vendors Health Data sheet, published and maintained by the Paint Vendor, detailing the
and Safety Data Sheet hazardous properties of the paint/coating materials and the health and safety
requirements for their storage, preparation and application.
Painting Contractor The company responsible for a defined piece of painting, coating or lining
work.
Purchaser The organisation, responsible for ordering or buying materials required for a
defined piece of painting, coating or lining work, generally PDO or its
nominated Contractor.
30 Special Definitions
Amplitude Peak to valley height in a steel surface profile, usually after surface preparation.
Dew point Temperature of an air-water mixture, at which condensation starts. ie where the
mixture has reached water saturation point.
DFT Dry Film Thickness (thickness of paint film in its dry cured state)
Holidays Pinholes or small defects in a coating film that penetrate through the film to the
underlying substrate.
Pot Life The length of time a two-pack paint will remain usable, at a given temperature,
after mixing.
Shop Permanent enclosed facility used for painting/coating with temperature and
humidity control.
Surface Profile (Anchor The cross-section of a prepared steel surface. Measured distance from depth of
Pattern) troughs to tops of peaks on the blast cleaned surface. (Amplitude)
WFT Wet Film Thickness (thickness of a wet paint film prior to evaporation of any
solvent
31 Abbreviations
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BS British Standards
MS Method Statement
m micron
Internal External
1
PDO Paint Schedule: Ref. Specification: . % Completion:
Work Description
Ambient Conditions
Check min. 5 times during day
Exterior/Interior Instrument Type
Time Hrs.
Air Temp. oC
Relative Humidity %
Dew Point
Substrate Temp. oC
Wind, Dust etc.
Illumination Level
1.1.1
Surface Preparation
Cleaning Method: Abrasive Blasting Mechanical Cleaning Type:
..
Standard Required: .. Standard Required: .
Surface Profile: microns
Replica Tape
Contractor Comments:
Contractor:
PDO Comments:
Ref. Ind. :
Date:
Comments:
Suggestions:
Recd.: To CFDH:
CFDH Actions
recd. Decision: Inits.: Ref. Date:
Date: Ind.
Reject:
Accept, revise at next issue:
Accept, issue temporary amendment
Comments: