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STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of

Green Buildings
By: Greg Kats, Capital E

A report to Californias Sustainable Building Task


Force, a group of over 40 state agencies, with
funding from seven.
Drawing on cost data from 33 green building
projects and benefits data from over 100 buildings
nationwide. Developed in partnership with USGBC.
STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of
Green Buildings
By: Greg Kats, Capital E

Average Green Premium vs. Level of Green Certification


(for Offices and Schools)

12.00%
Average Green
Cost Premium
Average Green Premium

10.00%

8.00% vs. Level of


(in percent)

6.50%
6.00% Green
4.00%
Certification
2.00%
2.11% 1.82% 33 buildings US-
0.66%
wide
0.00%
Level 1-Certified Level 2-Silver Level 3-Gold Level 4-Platinum
(8 bldgs) (18 bldgs) (6 bldgs) (1 bldgs)

Level of Green Certification


STUDY 1: The Costs and Financial Benefits of
Green Buildings
By: Greg Kats, Capital E

Reduced Energy Use in US Green Buildings


Certified Silver Gold Average

Energy Efficiency 8% 30% 37% 28%


On-Site Renewable Energy 0% 0% 4% 2%
Green Power 10% 0% 7% 6%
Total 28% 30% 48% 36%
STUDY 2: Cost of Green Revisited
by Davis Langdon

This study compared construction costs of 83 LEED buildings


to 138 similar non-LEED buildings (221 sample total).
The building types analyzed included academic buildings,
laboratories, libraries , community centers and ambulatory
care facilities.
All costs were normalized for time and location in order to
ensure consistency for the comparisons. Cost per square foot
was compared between all projects
STUDY 2: Cost of Green Revisited
by Davis Langdon

The 2006 study shows essentially the same results as 2004:


there is no significant difference in average costs for
green buildings as compared to non-green buildings.
Many project teams are building green buildings with little or
no added cost, and with budgets well within the cost range of
non-green buildings with similar programs.
We have also found that, in many areas of the country, the
contracting community has embraced sustainable design, and
no longer sees sustainable design requirements as additional
burdens to be priced in their bids.
STUDY 3: LEED Credits at Harvard
by HGCI

Over 20 LEED Projects at Harvard have shown that there are 40 credits that can be
achieved at no added cost if the process is managed effectively.
Included in this number are 9 credits that all Harvard projects immediately get.

45
40
40

35

30

25

20

15
11 10
10

5 3

0
Point is no cost and Potential cost impact, Point has cost Point has additional cost
often given in Harvard but will result in reduced implication and an impact with strictly an
projects operations costs associated human environment benefit
health / comfort /
productivity benefit
STUDY 4: Green Cost Data for Two Harvard Historic
Renovation Projects
PROJECT 1

Additional Soft Costs


Enhanced Commissioning MEP design review, recommissioning
$4,832 manual & verification of operator
training
Energy Modeling Promotes integrated design and
$13,200 identifies energy savings from ECMs
Green Building Consultant Guides team through sustainable
$15,460 design process & manages LEED effort
C&D Waste Consultant Salvage significant quantities of
$34,032 materials for donation & targeting >
95% waste diversion rates
LEED Certification Costs Hold team member accountable & 3rd
$2,200 party verification of sustainability
PROJECT 1

Additional Soft Costs

Total Project Cost = $18,509,114


Total Soft Costs = $2,358,275
Total Green Soft Costs = $69,724
_______________________________________________________________________

Green Soft Costs as % of Total = 0.38%


Green Soft Costs as % of Total Soft = 2.96%
PROJECT 1

Energy Conservation Measures that


Resulted from Soft Cost Investment
Improved Building Envelope $20,971
Variable Frequency Drives $29,000
Lighting Optimization $25,000
Lighting Controls $5,625
CO2 Sensors in Cafeteria $4,000
Hot water temperature difference $2,450
Melink System $12,500
Pressure Independent Control Valves $5,576
Energy Recovery Wheel $10,000
Fan Coil Unit Fan Cycling $0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total capital cost of ECMs $115,122
= %0.062 of total project cost
PROJECT 1

Energy Conservation Measures

Total ECM Cost = $115,122


Total First Year Energy Savings = $22,336
Internal Rate of Return = 25.98%
ECMs pay for themselves in < 6 years

Total Green Cost Premium = 1% of the total project cost


PROJECT 2

Hamilton Hall cost estimates

$320K Estimated Material Cost of


LEED ~ 2.5% of total project cost

Estimated Energy Savings


($35,000) Annually

Estimated < 10 year payback


CONCLUSION

A LEED Silver or Gold certification requirement, if


introduced early and managed effectively, will result in
a minimal additional cost to the project.
This addition will typically be less than 2% total project
cost.
It is also possible that there may be no additional cost.
Significant operating savings can be expected as a
result.
CONCLUSION

A LEED Silver or Gold certification requirement, if


introduced early and managed effectively, will result in
a minimal additional cost to the project.
This addition will typically be less than 2% total project
cost.
It is also possible that there may be no additional cost.
Significant operating savings can be expected as a
result.

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