Toilets and More…

Reference Manual

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

Department of Drinking Water Supply
November 2008 Ministry of Rural Development
Government of India
New Delhi
New Delhi
Poor Sanitation – Poor Health
– Poorer People

A Unclean Village with open Defecation Practice

Unsafe water and insanitary

conditions can cause….
? Diarrhoea
=

?? Dysentry
=

?? Jaundice
=

?? Paralysis
= of limbs
?? Hookworm
= diseases
causing weakness/
anemia

Malnutrition further increases 30.7% & 21.1% Central Bureau of Health

the disease burden with global children are Intelligence, Ministry of Health
deprived of proper & Family Welfare (2002-03)
insanitary conditions
sanitation and water reports
As per World Health Report ? Of
= all communicable
(2001), water, sanitation and Unicef diseases, 29% shared by
hygiene related ill health diarrhoeal diseases
amounted to 3.9% of the ? 10.5
= million cases of
total global deaths and 5.6% Cleaning of Septic Tanks diarrhea reported and 4,709
of DALYs (Disability-Adjusted is a Hazardous Task deaths occurred
Life year). ? 2,893 cholera cases
According to WHO (2001), reported
there are more than 2 million ??India is
= the second largest
deaths and 59.7 million SALYs number of polio cases in
the world.
lost due to diarrhea.
??Number
= of viral hepatitis
cases was more than 4 lakh

Improper Solid and liquid waste management leads

to various diseases like malaria, Chicken guniya, etc.

1
 Sanitation Ladder 16-21 Nov. '08

58%
60%

50%
44%
40%
40%
28%
30% 22%

20%
9%
10%
1%
0%

Ecological
Year Sanitation
Increasing Access to Rural
Sanitation in India

100

90

80

70
Urine Diversion
e
g
ta
60
Latrine
n 50
e
c
r
e
P 40

30

20

10

Pour Flush Latrine

State-wise Sanitation 1000

Coverage in India 900
800
700
600
500
400
300
Jai Swachatha Ventilated
200
100
Jai Hind Improved Pit
0
3

08
1

-04

-05

7
-0

00
0-0

1-0

5-0

-20
02

03

04

6-2
0

07
20

20

20
20

20

20

0
20
20

Increasing Government Investment

Simple Pit
Latrine

Open Defecation
Into A Pit

Number of Gram Panchayats achieving

Nirmal Gram Puraskar for achieving Open
Open Defecation defecation free status
Nirmal Gram Puraskar to
Sanitation Revolution

2
New Delhi
Toilet Menu
No Cost No Water Low Cost Low Water

Traditional Ladaki Leach pit latrines with steep pan with seal of only 10-20 mm
Ecosan Toilet

Steep Slope

High Cost Low Water High Cost High Water High Cost No Water

A Steep Pan With Pucca

Water Closets, Glamarooms
Super Structure

Vacuum Toilets Space Toilet Ecological Sanitation

3
 Baby-friendly and 16-21 Nov. '08
Gender-friendly Toilets

Baby Friendly Anganwadi Toilets Toilet for Specially Abled Persons

Pre-School Potty

Menstrual Hygiene Eco-toilets in Tsunami Affected Area

Menstrual Hygiene

4
New Delhi Ecological Sanitation

Conventional Loop – Open Ended Ecosan – Closing the Loop Traditional Ecosan – Spiti & Leh

First Ecosan Toilet Urine Diversion Eco-san Ecosan Toilet & Bathroom

Backwashing of Contaminants
Ecosan for The Old Aged Musiri – First Use and Get Paid by Roof Water Harvesting

5
 Convergence Issues 16-21 Nov. '08

Rural Water Supply with National Rural Health Mission

Gender Friendly Girl Child Awareness for

IEC
Toilets Attendance Hand Washing

Total Sanitation Campaign with Sarva Siksha Abhiyan

Asha Worker to Test Domestic Chlorination Extended IEC

Water Quality and Conduct
Sanitary Survey
6
New Delhi
Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Collection Transportation Dumping

Segregation Aerobic Composting Aerobic Composting & Tilling

Vermi-composting Recycling Pet Bottles Green Belt Development

7
 Special Toilets 16-21 Nov. '08

Train Toilet Vacuum Toilets In Flights

Ecosan Toilet Using Solar Energy

Mobile Temporary
Solar Composting Toilet Toilet

8
New Delhi Sanitation
Beyond Toilet

To produce 250 kg of
cereals, 7.5 kg of
chemical fertilizer is
required.

In 500 litres of urine

and 50 litres of faeces,
the nutrient content
(N, P and K) available
is 6.3 kg.

Urine Collection Urine Collection

Diluted Urine Application Rich Harvest

Bio-gassifier Earning
Carbon Credits (Andhyodaya) Toilet Linked Bio-gas Plant Rich Harvest

9
 Sanitation and Dignity 16-21 Nov. '08

Torch bearer of Sanitation Leading the Campaign

Dinesh, a 13 year old boy from

Rajasthan built a toilet to protect the
dignity of his elder sister

Role of Sanitation worker Learning composting

techniques

INDIA NEEDS
MANY MORE
DINESH'ES.
LET US INVEST IN
OUR CHILDREN
AND THEIR FUTURE
FOR NIRMAL
BHARAT

Collective Decision of Sarpanches Teaching hygiene habits to the family

10
New Delhi
Nirmal Gram Puraskar
Sanitation Movement

HE The President of India awarding NGP to Panchayat President from the remotest corner of the Country, Ladakh

CELEBRATING SUCCESS
HE The President with NGP awardees at Guwahati, 20/10/2008

From 40 Panchayats in 2005, 11,200 Panchayats Access to safe sanitation has increased
got selected for Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) from 22% in 2001 to 58% in 2008

NGP has now turned into Sanitation Revolution Happy NGP awardees - shortly to launch
another incentive award for creating
drinking water security
11
 Nirmal Gram to 16-21 Nov. '08

Nirmal Bharat

Sikkim – Becoming Nirmal Sikkim Very Shortly

Women Empowerment is The

View of Nirmal Village Mantra for Nirmal Bharat

12
New Delhi Good Sanitation –
Good Health

90.10%

80.10%

70.10%

60.10%

50.10%
2008 IFM
40.10%
2008 TSC
30.10%

20.10%

10.10%

0.10%

An

Ja
Hi

Ka a Pr

Po
Ta en

Ar
Ke

Sik

La

D
M and esh

Da an
Ra ka
Go l P

Ut Pra
Pu

m al P
m
es

m
ks

rn
un des

& rry
nd nd D
dh

ad
ra

kim

ta

ja

m
nj
a

m
ac
il N al
tB
ha

at
la

N
sth
ac

hy Kas

ich
r P des
ra

an
ab

u
ha

Ha
dw

h
ad

ra h

e
a

ve
g
ee

ra

ad ir

li
ra
p

de

es

iu
d

hm
sh

h
By comparing 2008 TSC progress status with Infant Mortality in 2008 across the states,
is observed that broad trend that IFM decreases as TSC coverage goes up is seen.
The statistical correlation is -41.65 which is considered quite strong.

TSC coverage in 2008 vs Rural Female Literacy

120.00%

100.00%

80.00%

60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
Ta
Ke

La

Hi

Go

M
An

Ch
Pu

Or

Po
An
Ut
Tr

m
es

m
ks

eg
ah
ra

ip

iss

ha

n
a

nj

ta

da
il N

ac

di
hr
tB
h
la

ur

ha
ab

ar

ra

tis
a
ad

ch
ha

aP
a

as

nc
en

lay
ad

an

ga
we

er
lP

ht

ha
ra
g

rh

ry
&
al
ep

ra
ra

l
es

Ni
de

co
sh

b
ar

Rural Female Literacy TSC 2008

Isl
an
sd

TSC coverage is directly proportional to the rural female literacy.

A strong correlation factor of 56.72 has been observed.

Good Sanitation also

? Reduce drudgery from snake bites
? Greater gender empowerment

13
 Good Sanitation – 16-21 Nov. '08

Good Health

Provides Dignity

Better Convenience

Improved Girl Child

Enrolment

Overall Increase in
Productivity

14
 SACOSAN – III COUNTRIES

BANGLADESH
AFGHANISTAN
BHUTAN

INDIA MALDIVES

SRI LANKA
NEPAL
SALASAR # 9811056058

PAKISTAN

MARCHING TOGETHER FOR FULLY SANITIZED SOUTH ASIAN REGION

SACOSAN-III - DIGNITY AND HEALTH