#ifndef Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H

#define Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#define PyObject_CallFunction _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT
#define PyObject_CallMethod _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
#define _PyObject_CallMethodId _PyObject_CallMethodId_SizeT
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */
#endif

/* Abstract Object Interface (many thanks to Jim Fulton) */

/*
PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules

Problem

Python modules written in C that must access Python objects must do

so through routines whose interfaces are described by a set of
include files. Unfortunately, these routines vary according to the
object accessed. To use these routines, the C programmer must check
the type of the object being used and must call a routine based on
the object type. For example, to access an element of a sequence,
the programmer must determine whether the sequence is a list or a
tuple:

if(is_tupleobject(o))
e=gettupleitem(o,i)
 else if(is_listitem(o))
e=getlistitem(o,i)

If the programmer wants to get an item from another type of object

that provides sequence behavior, there is no clear way to do it
correctly.

The persistent programmer may peruse object.h and find that the
_typeobject structure provides a means of invoking up to (currently
about) 41 special operators. So, for example, a routine can get an
item from any object that provides sequence behavior. However, to
use this mechanism, the programmer must make their code dependent on
the current Python implementation.

Also, certain semantics, especially memory management semantics, may

differ by the type of object being used. Unfortunately, these
semantics are not clearly described in the current include files.
An abstract interface providing more consistent semantics is needed.

Proposal

I propose the creation of a standard interface (with an associated

library of routines and/or macros) for generically obtaining the
services of Python objects. This proposal can be viewed as one
components of a Python C interface consisting of several components.

From the viewpoint of C access to Python services, we have (as

suggested by Guido in off-line discussions):

- "Very high level layer": two or three functions that let you exec or
eval arbitrary Python code given as a string in a module whose name is
given, passing C values in and getting C values out using
 mkvalue/getargs style format strings. This does not require the user
to declare any variables of type "PyObject *". This should be enough
to write a simple application that gets Python code from the user,
execs it, and returns the output or errors. (Error handling must also
be part of this API.)

- "Abstract objects layer": which is the subject of this proposal.

It has many functions operating on objects, and lest you do many
things from C that you can also write in Python, without going
through the Python parser.

- "Concrete objects layer": This is the public type-dependent

interface provided by the standard built-in types, such as floats,
strings, and lists. This interface exists and is currently
documented by the collection of include files provided with the
Python distributions.

From the point of view of Python accessing services provided by C

modules:

- "Python module interface": this interface consist of the basic

routines used to define modules and their members. Most of the
current extensions-writing guide deals with this interface.

- "Built-in object interface": this is the interface that a new

built-in type must provide and the mechanisms and rules that a
developer of a new built-in type must use and follow.

This proposal is a "first-cut" that is intended to spur

discussion. See especially the lists of notes.

The Python C object interface will provide four protocols: object,

numeric, sequence, and mapping. Each protocol consists of a
collection of related operations. If an operation that is not
provided by a particular type is invoked, then a standard exception,
NotImplementedError is raised with an operation name as an argument.
In addition, for convenience this interface defines a set of
constructors for building objects of built-in types. This is needed
so new objects can be returned from C functions that otherwise treat
objects generically.

Memory Management

For all of the functions described in this proposal, if a function

retains a reference to a Python object passed as an argument, then the
function will increase the reference count of the object. It is
unnecessary for the caller to increase the reference count of an
argument in anticipation of the object's retention.

All Python objects returned from functions should be treated as new

objects. Functions that return objects assume that the caller will
retain a reference and the reference count of the object has already
been incremented to account for this fact. A caller that does not
retain a reference to an object that is returned from a function
must decrement the reference count of the object (using
DECREF(object)) to prevent memory leaks.

Note that the behavior mentioned here is different from the current
behavior for some objects (e.g. lists and tuples) when certain
type-specific routines are called directly (e.g. setlistitem). The
proposed abstraction layer will provide a consistent memory
management interface, correcting for inconsistent behavior for some
built-in types.
Protocols

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/

/* Object Protocol: */

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_Print(PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags);

Print an object, o, on file, fp. Returns -1 on

error. The flags argument is used to enable certain printing
options. The only option currently supported is Py_Print_RAW.

(What should be said about Py_Print_RAW?)

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name);

Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise.

This is equivalent to the Python expression:
hasattr(o,attr_name).

This function always succeeds.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:
PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name);

Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o.

Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);

Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise.

This is equivalent to the Python expression:
hasattr(o,attr_name).

This function always succeeds.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

PyObject* PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);

Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o.

Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:
 int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name, PyObject *v);

Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,

to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on
success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v);

Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o,

to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on
success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v.

*/

/* implemented as a macro:

int PyObject_DelAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name);

Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns

-1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o.attr_name.

*/
#define PyObject_DelAttrString(O,A) PyObject_SetAttrString((O),(A),NULL)

/* implemented as a macro:
 int PyObject_DelAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name);

Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns -1

on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o.attr_name.

*/
#define PyObject_DelAttr(O,A) PyObject_SetAttr((O),(A),NULL)

/* Implemented elsewhere:

PyObject *PyObject_Repr(PyObject *o);

Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the

string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: repr(o).

Called by the repr() built-in function.

*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

PyObject *PyObject_Str(PyObject *o);

Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the

string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: str(o).)

Called by the str() and print() built-in functions.

*/
 /* Declared elsewhere

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *o);

Determine if the object, o, is callable. Return 1 if the

object is callable and 0 otherwise.

This function always succeeds.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Call(PyObject *callable_object,

PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);

/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with
arguments and keywords arguments. The 'args' argument can not be
NULL.
*/

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyStack_AsTuple(
PyObject **stack,
Py_ssize_t nargs);

/* Convert keyword arguments from the (stack, kwnames) format to a Python

dictionary.

kwnames must only contains str strings, no subclass, and all keys must
be unique. kwnames is not checked, usually these checks are done before or later
calling _PyStack_AsDict(). For example, _PyArg_ParseStack() raises an
error if a key is not a string. */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyStack_AsDict(
PyObject **values,
PyObject *kwnames);

/* Convert (args, nargs, kwargs: dict) into (stack, nargs, kwnames: tuple).

Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error.

Write the new stack into *p_stack. If *p_stack is differen than args, it
must be released by PyMem_Free().

The stack uses borrowed references.

The type of keyword keys is not checked, these checks should be done
later (ex: _PyArg_ParseStackAndKeywords). */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyStack_UnpackDict(
PyObject **args,
Py_ssize_t nargs,
PyObject *kwargs,
PyObject ***p_stack,
PyObject **p_kwnames);

/* Call the callable object func with the "fast call" calling convention:
args is a C array for positional arguments (nargs is the number of
positional arguments), kwargs is a dictionary for keyword arguments.

If nargs is equal to zero, args can be NULL. kwargs can be NULL.

nargs must be greater or equal to zero.

Return the result on success. Raise an exception on return NULL on

error. */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_FastCallDict(PyObject *func,
 PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
PyObject *kwargs);

/* Call the callable object func with the "fast call" calling convention:
args is a C array for positional arguments followed by values of
keyword arguments. Keys of keyword arguments are stored as a tuple
of strings in kwnames. nargs is the number of positional parameters at
the beginning of stack. The size of kwnames gives the number of keyword
values in the stack after positional arguments.

kwnames must only contains str strings, no subclass, and all keys must
be unique.

If nargs is equal to zero and there is no keyword argument (kwnames is

NULL or its size is zero), args can be NULL.

Return the result on success. Raise an exception and return NULL on

error. */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_FastCallKeywords
(PyObject *func,
PyObject **args,
Py_ssize_t nargs,
PyObject *kwnames);

#define _PyObject_FastCall(func, args, nargs) \

_PyObject_FastCallDict((func), (args), (nargs), NULL)

#define _PyObject_CallNoArg(func) \
_PyObject_FastCall((func), NULL, 0)

#define _PyObject_CallArg1(func, arg) \

_PyObject_FastCall((func), &(arg), 1)
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_Call_Prepend(PyObject *func,
PyObject *obj, PyObject *args,
PyObject *kwargs);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_CheckFunctionResult(PyObject *func,

PyObject *result,
const char *where);
#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallObject(PyObject *callable_object,

PyObject *args);

/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with
arguments given by the tuple, args. If no arguments are
needed, then args may be NULL. Returns the result of the
call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent
of the Python expression: o(*args).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallFunction(PyObject *callable_object,

const char *format, ...);

/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a
variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described
using a mkvalue-style format string. The format may be NULL,
indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the
result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: o(*args).
*/
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *o,
const char *method,
const char *format, ...);

/*
Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of
C arguments. The C arguments are described by a mkvalue
format string. The format may be NULL, indicating that no
arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on
success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the
Python expression: o.method(args).
*/

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethodId(PyObject *o,
_Py_Identifier *method,
const char *format, ...);

/*
Like PyObject_CallMethod, but expect a _Py_Identifier* as the
method name.
*/
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT(PyObject *callable,

const char *format,
...);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT(PyObject *o,
const char *name,
const char *format,
 ...);
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethodId_SizeT(PyObject *o,
_Py_Identifier *name,
const char *format,
...);
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject *callable,

...);

/*
Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a
variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are provided
as PyObject * values, terminated by a NULL. Returns the
result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: o(*args).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(PyObject *o,

PyObject *method, ...);
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(PyObject *o,
struct _Py_Identifier *method,
...);
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */

/*
Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of
C arguments. The C arguments are provided as PyObject *
values, terminated by NULL. Returns the result of the call
on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of
the Python expression: o.method(args).
*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

long PyObject_Hash(PyObject *o);

Compute and return the hash, hash_value, of an object, o. On

failure, return -1. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: hash(o).
*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *o);

Returns 1 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 0 if o is

considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the
Python expression: not not o
*/

/* Implemented elsewhere:

int PyObject_Not(PyObject *o);

Returns 0 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 1 if o is

considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the
Python expression: not o
*/
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Type(PyObject *o);

/*
On success, returns a type object corresponding to the object
type of object o. On failure, returns NULL. This is
equivalent to the Python expression: type(o).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Size(PyObject *o);

/*
Return the size of object o. If the object, o, provides
both sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence size is
returned. On error, -1 is returned. This is the equivalent
to the Python expression: len(o).
*/

/* For DLL compatibility */

#undef PyObject_Length
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Length(PyObject *o);
#define PyObject_Length PyObject_Size

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_HasLen(PyObject *o);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_LengthHint(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t);
#endif

/*
Guess the size of object o using len(o) or o.__length_hint__().
If neither of those return a non-negative value, then return the
default value. If one of the calls fails, this function returns -1.
 */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);

/*
Return element of o corresponding to the object, key, or NULL
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o[key].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v);

/*
Map the object key to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1
on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement o[key]=v.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItemString(PyObject *o, const char *key);

/*
Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object *o.
Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to
the Python statement: del o[key].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);

/*
Delete the mapping for key from *o. Returns -1 on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o[key].
*/
/* old buffer API
FIXME: usage of these should all be replaced in Python itself
but for backwards compatibility we will implement them.
Their usage without a corresponding "unlock" mechanism
may create issues (but they would already be there). */

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsCharBuffer(PyObject *obj,

const char **buffer,
Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);

/*
Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (character,
single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a
read-only memory location useable as character based input
for subsequent processing.

0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only

set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CheckReadBuffer(PyObject *obj);

/*
Checks whether an arbitrary object supports the (character,
single segment) buffer interface. Returns 1 on success, 0
on failure.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsReadBuffer(PyObject *obj,

const void **buffer,
 Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);

/*
Same as PyObject_AsCharBuffer() except that this API expects
(readable, single segment) buffer interface and returns a
pointer to a read-only memory location which can contain
arbitrary data.

0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only

set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(PyObject *obj,

void **buffer,
Py_ssize_t *buffer_len);

/*
Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (writable,
single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a
writable memory location in buffer of size buffer_len.

0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only

set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and
an exception set.
*/

/* new buffer API */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
#define PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj) \
(((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer != NULL) && \
((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer != NULL))

/* Return 1 if the getbuffer function is available, otherwise

return 0 */

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view,

int flags);

/* This is a C-API version of the getbuffer function call. It checks

to make sure object has the required function pointer and issues the
call. Returns -1 and raises an error on failure and returns 0 on
success
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyBuffer_GetPointer(Py_buffer *view, Py_ssize_t *indices);

/* Get the memory area pointed to by the indices for the buffer given.
Note that view->ndim is the assumed size of indices
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat(const char *);

/* Return the implied itemsize of the data-format area from a

struct-style description */

/* Implementation in memoryobject.c */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void *buf, Py_buffer *view,
Py_ssize_t len, char order);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FromContiguous(Py_buffer *view, void *buf,
Py_ssize_t len, char order);

/* Copy len bytes of data from the contiguous chunk of memory

pointed to by buf into the buffer exported by obj. Return
0 on success and return -1 and raise a PyBuffer_Error on
error (i.e. the object does not have a buffer interface or
it is not working).

If fort is 'F', then if the object is multi-dimensional,

then the data will be copied into the array in
Fortran-style (first dimension varies the fastest). If
fort is 'C', then the data will be copied into the array
in C-style (last dimension varies the fastest). If fort
is 'A', then it does not matter and the copy will be made
in whatever way is more efficient.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CopyData(PyObject *dest, PyObject *src);

/* Copy the data from the src buffer to the buffer of destination
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_IsContiguous(const Py_buffer *view, char fort);

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides(int ndims,

Py_ssize_t *shape,
Py_ssize_t *strides,
int itemsize,
 char fort);

/* Fill the strides array with byte-strides of a contiguous

(Fortran-style if fort is 'F' or C-style otherwise)
array of the given shape with the given number of bytes
per element.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FillInfo(Py_buffer *view, PyObject *o, void *buf,

Py_ssize_t len, int readonly,
int flags);

/* Fills in a buffer-info structure correctly for an exporter

that can only share a contiguous chunk of memory of
"unsigned bytes" of the given length. Returns 0 on success
and -1 (with raising an error) on error.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_Release(Py_buffer *view);

/* Releases a Py_buffer obtained from getbuffer ParseTuple's s*.

*/
#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Format(PyObject* obj,

PyObject *format_spec);
/*
Takes an arbitrary object and returns the result of
calling obj.__format__(format_spec).
*/

/* Iterators */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetIter(PyObject *);
/* Takes an object and returns an iterator for it.
This is typically a new iterator but if the argument
is an iterator, this returns itself. */

#define PyIter_Check(obj) \
((obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != NULL && \
(obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented)

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyIter_Next(PyObject *);

/* Takes an iterator object and calls its tp_iternext slot,
returning the next value. If the iterator is exhausted,
this returns NULL without setting an exception.
NULL with an exception means an error occurred. */

/* Number Protocol:*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Check(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns 1 if the object, o, provides numeric protocols, and
false otherwise.

This function always succeeds.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Add(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of adding o1 and o2, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1+o2.
 */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Subtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1-o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Multiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of multiplying o1 and o2, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1*o2.
*/

#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x03050000

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_MatrixMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 @ o2.
*/
#endif

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_FloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result,
or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1//o2.
 */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_TrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result,
or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1/o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Remainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, or null on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1%o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Divmod(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
See the built-in function divmod. Returns NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
divmod(o1,o2).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Power(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2,

PyObject *o3);

/*
See the built-in function pow. Returns NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
pow(o1,o2,o3), where o3 is optional.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Negative(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the negation of o on success, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: -o.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Positive(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the (what?) of o on success, or NULL on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: +o.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Absolute(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the absolute value of o, or null on failure. This is
the equivalent of the Python expression: abs(o).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Invert(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the bitwise negation of o on success, or NULL on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
~o.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Lshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 << o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Rshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 >> o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_And(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of bitwise and of o1 and o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1&o2.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Xor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the bitwise exclusive or of o1 by o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1^o2.
*/
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Or(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of bitwise or on o1 and o2 on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1|o2.
*/

#define PyIndex_Check(obj) \
((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number != NULL && \
(obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_index != NULL)

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Index(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the object converted to a Python int
or NULL with an error raised on failure.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject *o, PyObject *exc);

/*
Returns the object converted to Py_ssize_t by going through
PyNumber_Index first. If an overflow error occurs while
converting the int to Py_ssize_t, then the second argument
is the error-type to return. If it is NULL, then the overflow error
is cleared and the value is clipped.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o);

 /*
Returns the o converted to an integer object on success, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: int(o).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_Float(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the o converted to a float object on success, or NULL
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
float(o).
*/

/* In-place variants of (some of) the above number protocol functions */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of adding o2 to o1, possibly in-place, or null
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 += o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, possibly in-place or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 -= o2.
*/
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of multiplying o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 *= o2.
*/

#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x03050000

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 @= o2.
*/
#endif

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(PyObject *o1,

PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result,
possibly in-place, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 /= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(PyObject *o1,

PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result,
possibly in-place, or null on failure.
This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 /= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 %= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlacePower(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2,

PyObject *o3);

/*
Returns the result of raising o1 to the power of o2, possibly
in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 **= o2, or pow(o1, o2, o3) if o3 is present.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 <<= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 >>= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceAnd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of bitwise and of o1 and o2, possibly in-place,
or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 &= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceXor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the bitwise exclusive or of o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or
null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o1 ^= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_InPlaceOr(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Returns the result of bitwise or of o1 and o2, possibly in-place,
or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1 |= o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyNumber_ToBase(PyObject *n, int base);

/*
 Returns the integer n converted to a string with a base, with a base
marker of 0b, 0o or 0x prefixed if applicable.
If n is not an int object, it is converted with PyNumber_Index first.
*/

/* Sequence protocol:*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_Check(PyObject *o);

/*
Return 1 if the object provides sequence protocol, and zero
otherwise.

This function always succeeds.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Size(PyObject *o);

/*
Return the size of sequence object o, or -1 on failure.
*/

/* For DLL compatibility */

#undef PySequence_Length
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Length(PyObject *o);
#define PySequence_Length PySequence_Size

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_Concat(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Return the concatenation of o1 and o2 on success, and NULL on
failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1+o2.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_Repeat(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t count);

/*
Return the result of repeating sequence object o count times,
or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o1*count.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_GetItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i);

/*
Return the ith element of o, or NULL on failure. This is the
equivalent of the Python expression: o[i].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_GetSlice(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2);

/*
Return the slice of sequence object o between i1 and i2, or
NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
expression: o[i1:i2].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_SetItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v);

/*
Assign object v to the ith element of o. Raise an exception and return
-1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the
Python statement o[i]=v.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_DelItem(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i);

/*
Delete the ith element of object v. Returns
-1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o[i].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_SetSlice(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2,

PyObject *v);

/*
Assign the sequence object, v, to the slice in sequence
object, o, from i1 to i2. Returns -1 on failure. This is the
equivalent of the Python statement: o[i1:i2]=v.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_DelSlice(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2);

/*
Delete the slice in sequence object, o, from i1 to i2.
Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: del o[i1:i2].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_Tuple(PyObject *o);

/*
 Returns the sequence, o, as a tuple on success, and NULL on failure.
This is equivalent to the Python expression: tuple(o)
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_List(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the sequence, o, as a list on success, and NULL on failure.
This is equivalent to the Python expression: list(o)
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_Fast(PyObject *o, const char* m);

/*
Return the sequence, o, as a list, unless it's already a
tuple or list. Use PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM to access the
members of this list, and PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE to get its length.

Returns NULL on failure. If the object does not support iteration,

raises a TypeError exception with m as the message text.
*/

#define PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(o) \
(PyList_Check(o) ? PyList_GET_SIZE(o) : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o))
/*
Return the size of o, assuming that o was returned by
PySequence_Fast and is not NULL.
*/

#define PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(o, i)\

(PyList_Check(o) ? PyList_GET_ITEM(o, i) : PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i))
/*
Return the ith element of o, assuming that o was returned by
 PySequence_Fast, and that i is within bounds.
*/

#define PySequence_ITEM(o, i)\

( Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence->sq_item(o, i) )
/* Assume tp_as_sequence and sq_item exist and that i does not
need to be corrected for a negative index
*/

#define PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(sf) \
(PyList_Check(sf) ? ((PyListObject *)(sf))->ob_item \
: ((PyTupleObject *)(sf))->ob_item)
/* Return a pointer to the underlying item array for
an object retured by PySequence_Fast */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Count(PyObject *o, PyObject *value);

/*
Return the number of occurrences on value on o, that is,
return the number of keys for which o[key]==value. On
failure, return -1. This is equivalent to the Python
expression: o.count(value).
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_Contains(PyObject *seq, PyObject *ob);

/*
Return -1 if error; 1 if ob in seq; 0 if ob not in seq.
Use __contains__ if possible, else _PySequence_IterSearch().
*/

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
#define PY_ITERSEARCH_COUNT 1
#define PY_ITERSEARCH_INDEX 2
#define PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS 3
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PySequence_IterSearch(PyObject *seq,
PyObject *obj, int operation);
#endif
/*
Iterate over seq. Result depends on the operation:
PY_ITERSEARCH_COUNT: return # of times obj appears in seq; -1 if
error.
PY_ITERSEARCH_INDEX: return 0-based index of first occurrence of
obj in seq; set ValueError and return -1 if none found;
also return -1 on error.
PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS: return 1 if obj in seq, else 0; -1 on
error.
*/

/* For DLL-level backwards compatibility */

#undef PySequence_In
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_In(PyObject *o, PyObject *value);

/* For source-level backwards compatibility */

#define PySequence_In PySequence_Contains

/*
Determine if o contains value. If an item in o is equal to
X, return 1, otherwise return 0. On error, return -1. This
is equivalent to the Python expression: value in o.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Index(PyObject *o, PyObject *value);

/*
 Return the first index for which o[i]=value. On error,
return -1. This is equivalent to the Python
expression: o.index(value).
*/

/* In-place versions of some of the above Sequence functions. */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_InPlaceConcat(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2);

/*
Append o2 to o1, in-place when possible. Return the resulting
object, which could be o1, or NULL on failure. This is the
equivalent of the Python expression: o1 += o2.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PySequence_InPlaceRepeat(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t count);

/*
Repeat o1 by count, in-place when possible. Return the resulting
object, which could be o1, or NULL on failure. This is the
equivalent of the Python expression: o1 *= count.

*/

/* Mapping protocol:*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_Check(PyObject *o);

/*
Return 1 if the object provides mapping protocol, and zero
otherwise.
 This function always succeeds.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyMapping_Size(PyObject *o);

/*
Returns the number of keys in object o on success, and -1 on
failure. For objects that do not provide sequence protocol,
this is equivalent to the Python expression: len(o).
*/

/* For DLL compatibility */

#undef PyMapping_Length
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyMapping_Length(PyObject *o);
#define PyMapping_Length PyMapping_Size

/* implemented as a macro:

int PyMapping_DelItemString(PyObject *o, const char *key);

Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object *o.
Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to
the Python statement: del o[key].
*/
#define PyMapping_DelItemString(O,K) PyObject_DelItemString((O),(K))

/* implemented as a macro:

int PyMapping_DelItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);

 Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object *o.
Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to
the Python statement: del o[key].
*/
#define PyMapping_DelItem(O,K) PyObject_DelItem((O),(K))

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_HasKeyString(PyObject *o, const char *key);

/*
On success, return 1 if the mapping object has the key, key,
and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression:
key in o.

This function always succeeds.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_HasKey(PyObject *o, PyObject *key);

/*
Return 1 if the mapping object has the key, key,
and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression:
key in o.

This function always succeeds.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyMapping_Keys(PyObject *o);

/*
On success, return a list or tuple of the keys in object o.
On failure, return NULL.
 */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyMapping_Values(PyObject *o);

/*
On success, return a list or tuple of the values in object o.
On failure, return NULL.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyMapping_Items(PyObject *o);

/*
On success, return a list or tuple of the items in object o,
where each item is a tuple containing a key-value pair.
On failure, return NULL.

*/

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyMapping_GetItemString(PyObject *o,

const char *key);

/*
Return element of o corresponding to the object, key, or NULL
on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
o[key].
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_SetItemString(PyObject *o, const char *key,

PyObject *value);

/*
Map the object, key, to the value, v. Returns
 -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python
statement: o[key]=v.
*/

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject *object, PyObject *typeorclass);

/* isinstance(object, typeorclass) */

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsSubclass(PyObject *object, PyObject *typeorclass);

/* issubclass(object, typeorclass) */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_RealIsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls);

PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_RealIsSubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls);

PyAPI_FUNC(char *const *) _PySequence_BytesToCharpArray(PyObject* self);

PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_FreeCharPArray(char *const array[]);

/* For internal use by buffer API functions */

PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_add_one_to_index_F(int nd, Py_ssize_t *index,
const Py_ssize_t *shape);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_add_one_to_index_C(int nd, Py_ssize_t *index,
const Py_ssize_t *shape);
#endif /* !Py_LIMITED_API */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H */