GOLDEN ACHIEVERS ACADEMY

Andrew St., Annex 35 Better Living Subdivision, Paraaque

S.Y. 2017-2018
Senior High School
Research paper

Researcher: Kalaw, Christina Marie S.

Grade and section: 11 - Copper
Proposed Tittle: pH Solution: Acid- Base Indicator
Date: 30 August 2017

ABSTRACT

pH indicators are weak acids that exist as a liquid and an infused paper slips dye. The
liquid form of a pH indicator is usually added or pour directly in a solution, while the paper form of pH
indicator is dipped into a solution. And also pH indicators has different colors that represent each acidity to
determine the pH values of those solution.

An acid indicator is either a weak acid or weak base that can a change a color as the
concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions changes in an aqueous solution. It is often used in a titration
to identify the endpoint of an acid-base reaction.

In this study, researcher choose the red cabbage to make its own acid-base indicator in a solution
form. This can help the students to have more knowledge about pH indicators not just only as a form of a
liquid or a paper but as part of a living things or nature that we always see, can use in our body, eat or
even drink in our house or even outside of our houses.
 CHEMISTRY 1

Teacher: Ferdinand D. Songalia

Name: Kalaw, Christina Marie S.

Grade and Section: 11- Copper
Submitted on: September 4, 2017
Related studies:

According to Chigurupati N1, Saiki L, Gayser C Jr, Dash AK, in their studies about Evaluation of red
cabbage dye as a potential natural color for pharmaceutical use. That Red cabbage dye is a natural
pigment used mainly as a food color. A class of compound called anthocyanins present as a
combination of a compound. The pH of the red cabbage solution can also affect both its color and intensity.
The objective of their studies is to determine the ionization constant effect and temperature on the stability
of a red cabbage in a solution.

Based on the study of Mark B. Cannon and Kai Li Ong (17 May 2013, Hawaii) it is a study about
Quantitative Use of Red Cabbage to Measure pH through Spectrophotometry: A Laboratory Experience for
General Chemistry Students. That Red cabbage juice is a natural pH indicator: red, purple, blue, green
and then yellow color is observed with increasing pH as the conjugated ring structures in the cabbage
anthocyanins are rearranged. They developed a lab procedure that gives general chemistry-level students
a more quantitative experience.

Based on the research of Chien Kuo Yen, Li Yuan Peng, Chao Xia Wang, Yen Yu Chen (December
2011) about Dyeing of Degummed Silk Fibers with Anthocyanins in Red Cabbage that it was investigated
and the extraction of anthocyanins in red cabbage leaves was taken up using hydrochloric acid
solution. And the maximum adsorption wavelength of dyed samples at different pH values shifted to
different values and the color strength values also changed.

According to Gordon J. McDougall ,Pat Dobson, Derek Stewart, Stewart Fyffe their research is about
Anthocyanins from red cabbage stability to simulated gastrointestinal digestion were Anthocyanins were
the main polyphenol components in extracts of fresh and pickled red cabbage. And it is effectively stable in
the acidic gastric digestion conditions but the total recovery after simulated pancreatic digestion was
around 25% compared to around 100% recovery of phenol content.it is simulates human gastrointestinal
digestion by in vitro procedure.

According to Rhonda L. Stoddard and J. Scott McIndoe their study is talk about The Color-Changing
Sports Drink: An Ingestible Demonstration , were Red cabbage or Brassica oleracea contains
anthocyanins that dissolve in water, have antioxidant properties, and have a fairly wide range of color
changes owing to changing pH. It means that red cabbage can also be made into a visually dynamic,
color-changing, hypotonic sports drink and this is safe to consume at the end of the experiment.

Based in the study and experiment of MaleaKneen, Javier Farinas, YuxinLi it is about Green
Fluorescent Protein as a Noninvasive Intracellular pH Indicator It is found as that the absorbance and
fluorescence of Green fluorescent protein or (GFP) mutants are strongly pH dependent in aqueous
solutions and intracellular compartments in living cells. pH titrations of purified recombinant different kind of
GFP mutants. And the results of GFP as a targetable, noninvasive indicator of intracellular pH.

Based in their article of Martin M. Thuo, Ramses V. Martinez, Wen-Jie Lan, Xinyu Liu, Jabulani
Barber, Manza B. J. Atkinson, Dineth Bandarage, Jean-Francis Bloch, and George M. Whitesides. their
article is talk about the describe the use of embossing and cut-and-stack methods of assembly, to
generate microfluidic devices from Omni phobic paper and demonstrates that fluid flowing through these
devices behaves similarly to fluid in an open-channel microfluidic device. Their article was in a paper form.
 According to Akihito ueno, tetsuo kuwabara, asao nakamura & fujio toda, here they use methyl red
chemical indicators that change color in response to the presence of neutral organic molecules are
valuable for qualitative chemical analysis. Although some ionophores are known to exhibit color changes,
but this remains problematic.

Based on the article of Valdir Aniceto Pereira Jr., Iza Natlia Queirozde Arruda, RicardoStefani ,their
topic is about Food Hydrocolloids, they featuring anthocyanins from Brassica oleraceae (Red Cabbage)
as TimeTemperature Indicators for application in intelligent food packaging.

According to the research of Daniel A. Abugri1 , Ohene B. Apea2 , Gregory Pritchett1,Investigation of a

Simple and Cheap Source of a Natural Indicator for Acid-Base Titration: Effects of System Conditions on
Natural Indicators, their research is to investigated a natural indicator for acid-base titration which is
extracted from guinea corn leaves popularly called waakye leaves in Ghana. Weak acid versus strong
base, and weak acid versus weak base.