Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 954
Contents ll Functions and Models _1 11 Four Ways to Represent a Function 1.2 Mathematical Models 9 1.3 New Functions from Old Functions 14 14 Graphing Calculators and Computers 25 Review 34 Principles of Problem Solving 39 SS 2 Limits and Rates of Change 43 21 The Tangent and Velocity Problems 43 22 TheLimit ofa Function 45 23 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws 53 24 The Precise Definition ofa Limit 61 25 Continuity 68 26 —Tangents, Velocities, and Other Rates of Change 76 Review 82 Problems Plus 89 3 Derivatives _ 93 31 Derivatives 9% 3.2 The Derivative asa Function 98 33 Differentiation Formulas 107 34 Rates of Change in the Natural and Socal Sciences 118, 3.5 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions 126 36 TheChain Rule 130 3.7 Implicit Differentiation 137 3.8 Higher Derivatives 145 “Applied Project o Where Should Pilot Start Descent? 159 39 Related Rates 184 3.10 Linear Approximations and Differentials 161 Laboratory Project © Taylor Polynomials 167 Review 170 Problems Plus 181, > applications of Differentiation 191 a 42 43 4a 4s 46 a7 48 49 410 ‘Maximum and Minimum Values 197 Applied Project 9 The Calculus of Rainbows 201 The Mean Value Theorern 202 Hove Derivatives Affect the Shape of a Graph 206 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes 219 Summary of Curve Sketching 230 Graphing with Calculus and Calculators 249 Optimization Problems 263 Applied Project © The Shape of a Con 278 Applications to Economics 279 Newton's Method 284 Antidervatives 292 Review 300 Problems Plus 319 Ss integrals 325 Sa 52 53 34 35 ‘reas and Distances 325 The Definite Integral 333 Discovery Project = Area Functions 342 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 344 Indefinite Integrals and the Total Change Theorem 353 ‘The Substitution Rule 358 Review 366 Problems Plus 375 ==B Applications of integration _ 385 61 62 63 64 65. "areas between Gurver 385 Volumes 397 Volumes by Cylindrical hells 412 Work 421 ‘Average Value of a Function 424 Review 426 Problems Plus 433 == inverse Functions: Exponential, Logarithmic, and Inverse Trigonometric Functions 7.1 Inverse Functions 441 = — 7.8 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 497 Applied Project © Where to Sit at the Movies S07 7.6 —Hypetbolic Functions $08 7.7 Indeterminate Forms and L’Hospita’s Rule $15, Review 529 Problems Plus 543 SB Techniques of integration $47 8.1 Integration by Parts 547 82 Trigonometric integrals 57 83. Trigonomettc Substitution S64 8.4 Integration of Rational Functions by Patil Fractions 85 Strategy for Integration $86 8.6 Integration Using Tables and Computer Algebra Systems Discovery Project 3 Patterns in Integrals 603 8.7 Approximate Integration 606 88 Improper Integrals 619 Review 632 Problems Plus 647 = Further Applications of Integration 653 91 Arelength 653 9.2 Aten ofa Surface of Revolution 661 Discovery Project © Rotating on a Slant 669 93 Applications to Physi and Engineering 670 9.4 Applications to Economics and Blology 682 95 Probability 688 Review 687 Problems Plus 693 erivlibs of Logaithmic 7.4* Gener an J 53 463 J 373 595 aan ——— SH) isrerential Equations _701 To1 102 103 104 10s 106 107 ‘Modeling with Differential Equations 701 Direction Fields and Euler's Method 703 Separable Equations 710 ‘Applied Project © Which le Faster, Going Up or Coming Down? 719, Exponential Growth and Decay 720 ‘Applied Project 5 Caleulus and Baseball 724 ‘The Logistic Equation | 726 Linear Equations 734 Predator-Prey Systems 739 Review 743 Problems Plus 751 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates _757 Tm nz na na us 16 nz Curves Defined by Parametric Equations 757 Laboratory Project 9 Famligs of Hypocycloids 767 ‘Tangents and teas 770 Laboratory Project 0 Bétier Curves 780, ‘Arc Length and Surface Area 781 Polar Coordinates 788 ‘Areas and Lengths In Polar Cootdinates 803 Conic Sections 813 Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates $20 Review 825 Problems Plus 835 SSR infinite Sequences and Series _841 721 2 123 124 125 126 127 128 Sequences 841 Laboratory Project © Logistic Sequences 850, Series 854 ‘The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums 865 ‘The Comparison Tests 871 Alternating Series 875 ‘Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests 879 Strategy for Testing Series 888 Power Sees 887 12.9 Representations of Functions as Power Series 893 12.10 Taylor and Maclaurin Sees 901 1241 The Binomial Series 912 1212 Applications of Taylor Polynomials 919 ‘Applied Project © Radiation from the Stars $31 Review 932 Problems Plus 943 ppendixes 951 A ‘A Intervals, Inequalities, and Absolute Values 9ST B_ Coordinate Geometry and Lines 956 C Graphs of Second-Degree Equations 962 D Trigonometry 967 E Sigma Notation 975 G Complex Numbers 978 contents =x Functions and Models E551 Four Ways to Represent a Function is eigenen or agpexnaons yr nse gh Kantor gi br (4) The pin (1,2) isan the righ of 90 /(=1) = =2. (©) When, 2, isabou 28,50 (2) =2.8, (©) /@)=26equnlet toy =2 Wheny =2,nehnex (6) Resoble eines foes when y= Oates = =28 a (6) The domain off consis of vals nthe graph off. Fr this etn the domain is—3 2 <3. The ‘ange off consis falas th saph off For his nso, rng is 2 < » <3. (0 Asx increnses rom =1 3, yincese fom ~2 0 3. Ths, is inesing on he intel |=1, 3 2 (a) The pin (4, 2) ison the graph of f,s0f (=) = -2. The point (3,4) onthe raph of, 50 (8) = (©) We ar looking forthe ales of fr whi the yal re ea. The ys for fad gare equal a he ois (=2, 1) and (2,2), sth desired values of ate ~2 and (0 £6) =~Lisequvleattoy = ~1, When y= =I, wehave (As. oereases ram Dt 4, decreases rom 510 =I. Ths, is deresing om tnt [0,4 (6) The domain off consists ofall suas on he graph of fortis unto, he domain it —4 0} =[-2,2] Frome gaph,theramgeisosy s2, (| (0,2) wf) =3 2x Donainis. mn f(t ede te (ee He) » ‘pra with ere a (1, =2). The domain is / 3 (0) = yE=Bi dei whens $2 Dore > 5,sothe domain is , (5,20) Sincey=VE=3 oo yeeeS rests, sree ta isthe op half fa parabola. je secron 3 founws Tom (0) = VER. Thedamainis fe [6-2 20) = 00,3) Domai sR Nowe ht the native sexi part ofthe graph of ow-[ a iae20]_[ 2 itr20 MG) = DH 7 nar tae <0 J 7 | -28 its <0 Domain is, symone ai ife>0) [ 1iteso JO=BT= [ayer ite cof [1 its co oe that we did noc we x > 0, beens x #0 Hees the domain of fs wire0, yoy Dtes eens Domain (x [> £2). Theol in the raph ibe found wing the fers #2, Syma 43. ~~ implied fantion, h(x) = x +3. (-2) = Lindt hat the ole as coordina (2,1, s iteso area ite ed ms0)= mre= JO") 41 tere On) aoe ites Domain ie, Donia is. 6 © GAAMTERY ruNeTONs a UODS eet Pla nites B= | on Bet? if-terel ee aay Oe ast Domain i . Dooainis® 9) and (na) tm = 2224 and an equation ofthe 4, Recal hatte slope of aie between the two pins x, a line conestng hose two pits ey — yy = =). Te hope of tis ine Segment reas custo gy ===} (c +2) The unctonis f(2)= fr ~ 4,2 <4 seas fe resect ne mgmt =P of f= fro fds e6 som eqn i+ 2.= § (x +3). The fnton is 8. Weed to save the given equitonory.x 4-7 =0 4 G=IPene 9 y-teayer y= 1 JR. The epresion with poste acl represen the op afte prabla, and the one wth he ‘eave acl epee the btn hal ene, we want f(x) = I= JH, $0, lead oe ye eVTR GRIF ava A Me tp has gen by the Fncion fs) JRAFO S282 (6. For=1 lhe pagh ete line wit hope | and-inerept 1 tha the ine 2 itso yetee-I=s~ 1 Sothetincionis f(x) =| -2642 f0exs1 1 iftes 19, Letth eth and width of the rectangle be Land W. Then the perimeter is 2+ 20” = 20 andthe are is A= LW. Solving thet eatin for W ners of gives w= 22=2E = 10 2. Ths, A(E) = L (10 £) = 101 ~ 12, Since eats are postive the dann of is 0 < L < 10. we fuer resist “tobe largerthan When $ << 10 woud beth domain 1 Letthe length and width of the rvangle be Land Ten the arnt LW’ = 16, stat” = 16/2. The pevimeeris P= 21-420, x0 P(L) =2L-+2(16/L) = 2 +32/L, andthe domain of P is > 0, ince lengths ust be positive quan enon FOURWNSTOREESHATARGHEN 48, Lee lengh ofa sido he eis angle. Than by the Pigs Thom thei y the angle sassy +(x)" Gs. Using the formula for the area of angle, $60 ($x) =F wih dan > 0 ?,sotaty A § eas) high, we obi A > so L= YP, andthe sic seas 50 Lee vole oft ean te gthfanedgee Then 507) =6(YP)} = 672, wits domain ¥ > 0 BL. Leechs ofthe base ofthe ox have eth x, an let the eight ofthe box beh. Since the volume is 2, we now that? = hc? so hath = 2/2, nd the srace ein $ =x? jh, Ths, Se) a3? 44¢ (2/23) 52 The are ofthe window is A =.sh-+ $x ({x)" = xh + SE, where she height fhe rectangular potion of the window. The perimeters P Thais, htt bx 30 9 tha30—4— fax @ he }(6-24— 20), naa T AG) Ise $e ge ise ftp ix (#4) Since de gh hms be pot gut, wehnex > Oa Fach @wche2h> 0 «9 Wannfer>0 eo > artes oe 122%. Mase bedomiot WO <2 <5 SR The eight ofthe Box sx an the length and with ae = 20 ~ 2, 2-28. Then Ls ands0 ¥(@)=@0-2N 02-240) 10~ x)(6~8) 2) = A (60 160-432) i) — 64 +240 “The sides L, W,andx mst be posve, This L=0 o> 20-2820 eo F< I0y>0 9 1=2e>0 & x <6.ands > 0. Combing ths resticions gies ws the domuinD

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi