Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
or food processing
This has been essentially based on the theoretical concept of water activity, as fungi and yeast
have lower water activity requirements, typically around 0.506 aw. Bacterial cultures have
higher water activity requirement
No Brasil, a fruticultura produz grande quantidade de subprodutos, tais como bagaos, farelos,
cascas e sementes. Seu reaproveitamento como matria-prima vivel graas ao seu baixo
custo econmico e sua elevada concentrao de nutrientes, que tem potencial de uso para
converso por micro- -organismos na obteno de produtos de alto valor agregado, como
enzimas
Current trends on SSF have focused on application of SSF for the development of bioprocess
such as bioremediation and biodegradation of hazardous compounds, biological detoxification
of agro-industrial residues, biotransformation of crops and crop-residues for nutritional
enrichment, biopulping, and production of value-added products such as biologically active
secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, alkaloids, plant growth factors, enzymes, organic
acids, biopesticides, including mycopesticides and bioherbicides, biosurfactants, biofuel, aroma
compounds, etc
Os substratos para FSS so, em geral, resduos ou subprodutos da agroindstria (Pandey, 2003).
Farelos, cascas, bagaos e outros so materiais considerados viveis para a biotransformao
(Tabela 1). So recursos naturais renovveis e produzidos em grandes quantidades, o que,
algumas vezes, faz com que se tornem um problema ambiental.
SSF tem sido um mtodo de escolha pelos pesquisadores para a produo de celulases. Rocha
et al. [13] investigaram a produo de complexos de enzimas celulase por vrias cepas de cepas
de Aspergillus niger SSF em ferrugem de arroz tratado com AFEX e farelo de arroz, soro e
bagao de cana-de-acar
When Li et al. [15] compared the cellulase production by Neurospora sitophila in SSF and SmF
using steam exploded wheat straw as carbon source, highly interesting results were obtained.
Not only the CMCase, FPA and -glucosidase activities in SSF were far higher (53181 times)
compared to SmF. The culture also produced -xylosidase exclusively in SSF. Authors concluded
that SSF was more likely served as a natural habitat for the fungus to facilitate the enzyme
secretion.Ba
Xylanolytic enzymes are another important group of enzymes for the biofuels program,
although they find several other applications [35,36]. Xylanases have been produced by several
fungal, bacterial and actinomycetes cultures cultivated in SSF using different substrates (cf.
Table 1)
Kar et al. [43] investigated the production and properties of xylanase produced by T. reesei
SAF3 in SSF and SmF. SSF was carried out employing different agro-residues and among them
wheat bran was found to be the best substrate that gave maximum xylanase production of
299.7 U/gds. Purified xylanase from SSF showed better stability in salt and pH, was catalytically
and thermodynamically more efficient over enzyme from SmF, though the molecular weight of
both enzymes was identical (53.8 kDa).
They can be produced by a number of fungi, especially mushrooms, bacteria, such as lactic acid
bacteria (LAB), etc. These polysaccharides possess show several biological activities such as
antitumor, hypoglycemic, and immunostimulating activities. Several studies have been made to
produce these EPS in SmF and high yields have been achieved but they involved expensive
media components. In view ofthis, SSF has been recently explored for the production of EPS,
especially employing mushrooms and LAB
Sophorolipids show good properties and could be used to inhibitthe growth of some
microorganisms, in cosmetic as a high value skin moisturizer, in the petroleum industry, in food
areas as emulsifiers, and in pharmacological field as anticancer drugs
Produo de celulase por Neurospora sitophila via SSF utilizando palha de trigo
mostrou-se mais vantajosa que SLF. Concentrao dos produtos maiores e beta-
xylosidase exclusivamente em SSF;
Produo de xilanase produzida por T. reesei SAF3 em SSF utilizando farelo de trigo
tambm se mostrou mais vantajosa que em SLF. Mostrou maior estabilidade em pH e
ficou mais eficiente termodinamicamente;
The pigments produced by Monascus sp. have been used as pharmaceuticals, or food
additives. SSF has continued to be preferred method of fermentation for producing and
studying the profiles of pigment production by Monascus sp. and other microorganisms (Table
3).