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Coal Fired Power Plant

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Water Tube Boilers Fuel Tube Boilers

Coal in Electricity Generation

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Coal in Electricity Generation

South Africa 93% Poland 92% PR China 79%

Australia 77% Kazakhstan 70% India 69%

Israel 63% Czech Rep 60% Morocco 55%

Greece 52% USA 49% Germany 46%

Metallic Grates

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Ash Removal Mechanism

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Ash Removal Mechanism

Secondary Air

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Advantages of Pulverized Coal

It can be intimately and uniformly mixed with air necessary for

combustion. Hence it can be burnt completely.
It can be handled with ease like liquid fuels and can be transported
through pipes.
Furnace temperature can easily be controlled by increasing or
decreasing the rate of burning through a valve just like
liquid/gaseous fuel.
The atmosphere inside the furnace can be easily maintained as
oxidizing or reducing which is of great advantage in the case of
metallurgical furnaces.
Complete combustion is achieved with low percentage of excess air,
therefore high flame temperature and high thermal efficiency can
be achieved.
Maximum efficiency is achieved because of close regulation of feed
and supply of air by automatic method.

Disadvantages of Pulverized Coal

Relatively high coast of drying and grinding to
very fine particle size.
Discharge of fine grit and dust to the
atmosphere.
Contamination of product in furnace work by
ash from coal.
High maintenance and operating cost of
pulverizer.

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Ball Mill
A ball mill or jar mill mainly consists of a rotating drum
lined from inside with a hard material.
Hard balls, as a grinding medium, which continue to
impact the material inside the drum as it rotates/rolls.

Important Parameters
The most important parameter to consider is the speed of
rotation of the drum.
The material of grinding media and its size and density

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Grinding Mechanism:
During milling the following forces cause
fracture of material into powder.
Impact Forces: These are caused by
instantaneous striking of one object on the other.
Shear Forces: These are caused as one material
slides/rubs against the other.

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Types of Burners
Vertical Fired Burners
Here, pulverized coal and primary air
are fired directly downwards into the
combustion space through long
narrow rectangular burners.
Secondary air is admitted through
small parts down in the furnace walls.
By admitting more air high up the
furnace wall near burner, the flame
produced can be short and intense.
Low volatile/less reactive coals which
require a long flame travel to allow
time for complete combustion, can be
fired vertically better than any other
method.

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Horizontal Fired Furnaces

Here burners are placed
horizontally or slightly up or
down.
Burners can be placed in both
the front and back furnace
walls to give opposite
horizontal firing to create high
turbulence in the zone where
flame impinges permitting
extra high firing rates.

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Tangential Fired Burners

Here the burners are located in
the four corners of the furnace
and combustion chamber as a
whole is used to produce swirl.
An intense, turbulent, rotative
motion is developed where the
flame impinge promoting rapid
and complete combustion.
Tangential firing permits extra
high rates of heat release and
gives high combustion efficiency
even with little extra air.

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