il GENESIS PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET gm2121 SXGA LCD Monitor Controller with Integrated Analog Interface and Dual LVDS Transmitter Publication Number: C2121-DAT-O1F Publication Date: December 2002 ‘Genesis Microchip Inc. 185 Commerce Valley Dr West « Thome ON Canada « LST 718» Tl: (05) BBSS400 «Fax: (06) 885-5422 7180 Geld Steet «PO Box 2180 «Akisos CA + USA + OE002 + Tet (08) 282.6800» Fase (8) 282-8008 hs 2¢ Ln 18 Soe Micharg. Rw Taps Toma Tl (EEO Fo _= ==] : |e Beet c 3 ei “Ali — —a grouse] 2 er ower | 3 : =] = |e = Sievo iF sen | > m 5 et ee ° Fle “ES 3 5 |e. = :G73 iz Soe] & z S [Riese Ba gusaausassuagn genSSaaagocgoRooaD: CURR R a nen ner er ve saaR eS sees i an g g Figure 2. gm2121 Pin Out Diagram can OAT o Doconber 2662 bittp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.com(9m2121 Preliminary Data Sheet 3_GM2121Pin List Input, © = Gutput, P = Power, G= Ground Table. Analog input Port 7 FECES | 1GE | AP | Astogpower (3.30) tre Hue chara. Musi be bypasced ih aocaupng capac [SGM BLUE pine eter bowed (as cae ns posable ap Eu Tz [at ressne annoy router ou channel BLUE “as_[ ar [nage snag nour Sus ara "ANS ALLE zs | ac | Analon grunt ete chant. assis areco, correc 1 fhe et ound ane EGGERS [I | AP | Aton power (3.30 tor AKC analog Hacks tal ae shared by al vou Ganeak. Includes ‘arclgaprlsrerce, master Meare and Wbscle ad. Waa be bypasze | Secousng capackar 1p AGN ADG gn on nai board las due as posubs io he phi. | ae Test 3s [oP arate et ose te ADT Dora correct "AEND_ADE 22 | AG | Aralog ground ter ADC analog Hacks thal ar dared bya ves Guanes band (ip totrerce, maser leing ac seat adh assibe reco, conpeced penser youd are SENS AEE TE] RS ese pad tor nesrate gusrsnng bat proces D2 TDC WaaraRSS EM snssipe reco, conneces i the syst ound ae aT ABE Tae |] igta eno tanec cooky eet ‘Mute cect eenneced fe the sata goon pre wear eas |e ‘Dg power (251 for ADC encaay ook. Mus be Dyas na GSGoupnRG SSCS (GND ADG pron stem wea i uoses pase eB EASE TE] igi ont to ADE ceenng are Mtb decd connecied i the stm qound plane WoaEpOE AS | 7 | F _| Sgttpowe csv soc erenany ope tte bpaues ean Seaupieg SpaaS Tare Bonnar) VSS BALL (C2121-DAT-O1F 4 December 2002TACUEMSS ts ta a rable 3. Systom Interface and GPIO Signals GroTnoC sc. |e | 10 | Genera-purpose rewouspu sia or are mas sara tarace 1 MVR potencies | 19 ‘Soraalone meue. Chan dra opan va Fog! Hang. [B.arectoral nas Serr oper (S00eW tyes nore, Votan _] SPEER [10] Genera purpose retool sina whenhoa! par a daable or data agnor Pare Sera ont rarace. [B-drecienal, Sound anes 4000 tied naires), sew ie ted Viclran] | GROTIOATIO 7a [10 | Genera surese rputoupat sepa Gpoieoatat 12 | 10 | (tracers, Swen tngger (400mY eyes rye, 5h SPIOIEHDATAZ 4 [19 ‘GPR CR “16 [10 | Ganara:pupace meu ngral chanaat pan & Gaming oF ScnceSW an open cram eterit cpu p I-arectoral, Baler GRCIRCK © [1 | Genera purpose naval signal whetonl pe Gabi or oak trae sal [B.arecserl, Sout mgge 100mm pie matress, Solera] ra || Cererctounese ano sora ‘GPT we] o | Gararatpupece ouparagral eror a eT ‘cpoa oo | canara sureae aut agra cPoa ‘st | a | cenera-ouzese aout sonal ‘Grom ‘35 | 0 | Genera: purpose ouput pra cPoe |G | Genera surece awe oral or re eT C2121-DAT-OWF 2 December 2002Wins Table 4. Display Output Port (9m2121 Preliminary Data Sheet PEAS St] 0) | Pancisias Control (back ng enatiey [-siae euput, Programmable Bite] FRR [| Panel Power Conia (iste cut, Frogrammante ete care ae _|o | eventv05 Cram 3 pone crow LE a2 | a _| event v5 cranret 3negaine CLAP VE s0_[ | Sent v0s Cox posse: ELEN LE [0 | Seen OS Cock negate CHP LE 20 | Sant vos aan 2pm cra LE 30 _| eeentvOS Grane 2negave CHP LW sto | Santvos cuanne tpoume CHIN LE oe (CHOP_LWE 6 0_| eaenL vos Cannel Oposie. (EHO LE es cae Lv 0 64 {0 [oad vos channel 3 poate CHOW LO es (CLK LO 66 [0 [ Go LO Glock postive cuN_LW_O "er _[ 0 ose 00s Gioat name cP LO e8_|o_| at vos Grannel = postive CHOW LW.O. eo | 0 _| Oss 0S enannal? naan cre LO qo _| 90 | ona Lvs cranns 1 poste CHIN W_O 7 _| 0 | 00 Cvos canoe 1 negate (CHOP LVS 7z_| | Odd LVS Channel S poate CHOW LO. 730 | 00d (vs canned nec ee No | 0 ROW_ADORI wo | i ROM ADDR: wus | io ‘ROM_ADDRS ue | ‘ROM_AnoRZ w|i "ROU _BATAT 1 ‘Biiderart edemal PROW dala red ROM_DATAL z | ‘OU BATAD eli "ROM_OEn | 0 | Eernal ROW data Ou Ena (C2121-DAT-O1F 8 December 2002= = a (9m2121 Preliminary Data Sheet Table6. Reserved Pins oe Sater oe Sess rm = |-|-|2}e}0}o Joa} o}0 oo} ‘Table 7. _ Power and Ground Pins for ADC Sampling Clock DDS. BELT MOM Tea ted MBOLSEDSS3 | 1D] AP | Ansog poverfo he Source ODS. Corrects 32 sul ‘Mestbe bypessed win 20. uF eapacor @ AVES_ SDS pn (as cose Pe peas passe EEE Tar RE] aeaing grr torte Soares COE Must be drecty conneded tye system grand woo S555 53 ‘gta power re Source DOS, Comte 37S VSS. SDDS iil pruned far the Sours DDS. Power and Ground Pins for Display Clock DDS (NEO LEDS 33 esl power fe Deshaon DOS. Carnal 2 uate bypassed wn ur eapcer AVE, ODDS pn (2 cose oa pense passe SBOE Ta |G] seatey grower bestranon ODS ‘stb arecty connate the sate guns pane, ‘Woo GGUS SS | ao | F | ia pow forthe Destination OOS, Conned ta 33Vaumoh vss 0005 “ur [6 [get grunt re Castration DOS. (C2121-DAT-O1F 4 December 2002Wiuss ntti a te Bonne) iste aypasse wan 2. oF capactor © GRYSS (a case he pn 2s possi). a0 | | smstoe oypatces wn 20 uF capactor 1 CRVSS (at cnse'o he pn 26 possi. wa] TRE Te | 6 | cores apes pean ais ala wis Too aE 30 | P| Gone ESV aaialauaeh Note, “AP” indicates a power supply that is analog in nature and does net have large switehing currents. ‘These should be isolated fram other digital supplies that do have large switching ourrents. Table 10. Power and Ground Pins for LVDS Transmitter Ta aro a TVDS Hanan Canna STS ‘alegre te on-hip LVDS Cues Elis. stb arse comes 1 he stm gn ae alg groupe er or-hlp LVDS ware ste arecty comes 1 he system guns tae ‘asia per ea eh LVDS out Hater Careaet 62a WEEE "Raiog poner tr ancip LVDS Wane: Comme 6 75Y mp. ‘aaiag aa an ap LOS BREE ‘hat be dre cones he system gourd lane, ‘Alay gfe er op-cip LVDS wore stb arecty connate he system pound pan el als] of ofel ale) sbtel ale s|ela a (C2121-DAT-O1F 18 December 2002O TPCUINISS tna a 4 Functional Description ‘A functional block diagram is illustrated below. Each of the functional units shown is described in the following sections, Ted ¢ vem) fm : _ Analog —P o— ‘Shirin ‘Data. “and Controd oor ee LL | Figure 3. gm2124 Functional Block Diagram 4.1 Clock Generation ‘The gm2121 features two clock inputs. All additional clocks are internal clocks derived from one or more of these: 1. Crystal Input Clock (TCLK and XTAL). This is the input pair to an internal crystal oscillator and corresponding logic. A 20.0.MHz erystal is recommended. Other erystal frequencies may be used, but require custom programming. This is illustrated in Figure 4 below. Alternatively, a single-ended TTLACMOS clock oscillator can be driven into the TCLK pin (leave XTAL as NiC in this case). This is illustrated in Figure 7 below. This option is sclected by connecting a 10KQ pull-up to ROM_ADDR13 (refer to Table 17). See also Table 12. 2. Host Interface Transfer Clock (HCLK) ‘The gm3121 TCLK oscillator circuitry is a custom designed circuit to support the use of an external oscillator or a crystal resonator to generate a reference frequency source for the gm2121 device. C2121-DAT-OWF 18 December 2002 ittp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.1.1 Using the Internal Oscillator with External Crystal ‘The first option for providing a clock reference is to use the internal oscillator with an external crystal, ‘The oscillator circuit is designed to provide a very low jitter and very lw harmonic clock to the internal circuitry of the gm2121. An Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is used to insure startup and operation aver a ‘wide range of conditions, The oscillator circuit also minimizes the overdrive of the erystal, which reduces the aging of the erystal ‘When the gm2 121 is in reset, the state of the ROM_ADDR13 pin is sampled. Ifthe pin is left ‘unconnected (internal pull-down) then intemal oscillator is enabled, In this mode aerystal resonator is connected between TCLK and the XTAL with the appropriately sized loading capacitors Cy, and C,3. The size of C,, and C13 are determined from the crystal manufacturer's specification and by compensating for the parasitic capacitance of the gm2121 device and the printed circuit board traces. The loading capacitors are terminated to the analog VDD power supply. This connection inereases the power supply rejection. ratio when compared to terminating the loading capacitors to ground, se one aa WA - em = f—t SL eu Aces etal se ‘aera Groner nate Figure 4. Using the Internal Oscillator with External Crystal ‘The TCLK oscillator uses.a Pierce Oscillator circuit. The output of the oscillator circuit, measured at the ‘TCLK pin, is an approximate sine wave with a bias of about 2 volts above ground (sce Figure S). The peak-to-peak voltage of the output can range from 250 mV to 1000 mV depending on the specific characteristics of the crystal and variation in the oscillator characteristics, The output of the oscillator is connected to a comparator that converts the sine wave to a square wave. The comparator requires a C2121-DAT-OWF 7 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt ‘minimum signal level of about S0-mV peak to peak to function correctly. The output of the comparator is buffered and then distributed to the gm2121 citeuits, ODN EE Figure 5. Internal Oscillator Output (One of the design parameters that must be given some consideration is the value of the loading capacitors used with the crystal as shown in Figure-6. The loading capacitance (Cis) on the crystal isthe combination of C,, and C,and is calculated by Coas= (Cus * Cra) / (Curt Cus) + Cee The shunt capacitance Cy isthe effective capacitance between the XTAL and TCLK pins, For the gm2121 this is approximately 9 pF. Cyy and C,; are a parallel combination of the external loading capacitors (C.,), the PCB board capacitance (Cj), the pin capacitance (Cy), the pad capacitance (Cai), and the ESD protection capacitance (C..4). The capacitances are symmetrical so that Cia = Ci: = Ca + Crea + Cua + Cyu+ Crs The correct value of C, must be calculated based on the walues of the load capacitances. Approximate values are provided in Figure 6. iT. C2121-DAT-OWF 18 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesi¢-micrechip.comWiss (9m2121 Preliminary Data Sheet Some attention must be given to the details of the oscillator circuit when used with a crystal resonator. ‘The PCB traces should be as short as possible, The value of Cis that is specified by the manufacturer should not be exceeded because of potential start up problems with the oscillator. Additionally, the erystal should bea parallel resonate-cut and the value of the equivalent series resistance must be less then 90 Ohms. 44.2. Using an External Clock Oscillator Another option for providing the reference clock is to use a single-ended external clock oscillator. When the gm2121 is in reset, the state of the ROM_ADDR13 is sampled. If ROM_ADDR13 is pulled high by connecting to VDD through a pull-up resistor (10K® recommended, 15KO'maximum) then external oscillator mode is enabled. In this mode the intemal oscillator circuit is disabled and the external oscillator signal that is connected to the TCLK pin is routed to an intemal clock buffer. This is illustrated in Figure 7. Figure 7. Using an External Single-ended Clock Oscillator ‘Table 11. TCLK Specification Frequency ta 26 Me iter Tolerance 250 ps. Rise Time (10% to 9056) Bre Maximum Duty Cycle 20-80, C2121-DAT-OWF c December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 44.3 Clock Synthesis ‘The gm2121 synthesizes all additional clocks internally as illustrated in Figure 8 below, The synthesized clocks are as follows: 1, Main Timing Clock (TCLK) is the output of the chip internal crystal oscillator, TCLK is derived from the TCLK/XTAL pod input. 2, Reference Clock (RCLK) synthesized by RCLK PLL (RPLL) using TCLK as the reference, 3. Input Source Clock (SCLK) synthesized by Source DDS (SDDS) PLL using input HS¥NC as the reference. The SDDS internal digital logic is driven by RCLK. 4. Display Clock (DCLK) synthesized by Destination DDS (DDDS) PLL using IP_CLK as the reference. The DDDS internal digital logic is driven by RCLK. 5. Half Reference Clock (RCLK/2) is the RCLK (sec 2, above) divided by 2. Used as OCM_CLK domain driver. 6. Quarter Reference Clock (RCLKM4) is the RCLK (sce 2, above) divided by 4. Used as alternative clock (faster than TCLK) to drive IPM, 7. ADC Output Clock (SENSE_ACLK) isa delay-adjusted ADC sampling clock, ACLK. ACLK is derived from SCLK. ewic—a) soos we_cuk—+] nos. peu —{»/-——. scusse L{«|_—. scunra Figure 8. Internally Synthesized Clocks ‘The on-chip clock domains are selected from the synthesized clocks 2s shown in Figure 9 below, These include: 1, Input Domain Clock (IP_CLK). Max = 163MHz 2, Host Interface and On-Chip Microcontroller Clock (QCM_CLK), Max = 100MHz 3. Filter and Display Pixel Clock (DP_CLK). Max = 135MHz 4, Source Timing Measurement Domain Clock (IFM_CLK). Max-= 50MHz PLL C2121-DAT-OWF 20 December 2002 bittp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 5. ADC Domain Clock (CLK), Max = 165MHz ‘The clock selection for each domain as shown in the figure below is controlled using the CLOCK_CONFIG registers (index 0x03 and Oxt)4). seus: —f | Figure &. On-chip Clock Domains 4.2 Chip Initialization 4.21 Hardware Reset Hardware Reset is performed by holding the RESETa pin low for a minimum of Ius. A TCLK input (see Clock Options above) must be applied during and after the reset. When the reset period is complete and RESET is de-asserted, the power-up sequence is as follows: 1. Reset all registers of all types to their default state (this is 00h unless otherwise specified in the gm2121 Register Listing). 2. Force each clock domain into reset. Reset will remain asserted for 64 local clock domain cycles. following the de-assertion of RESETn. 3. Operate the OCM_CLK domain at the TCLK. frequency. 4, Preset the RCLK PLL to output ~200MHz clock (assumes 20,0MHz TCLK crystal frequency). 5S, Wait for RCLK PLL to Lock. Then, switch the OCM_CLK domain to operate from the bootstrap selected clock. 6. Ifa pull-up resistor is installed on ROM_ADDR8 pin (see Table 17), then the OCM bhecomes active as soon as OCM_CLK is stable, Otherwise, the OCM remains in reset until OCM_CONTROL register (x22) bit | is enabled. C2121-DAT-OWF 2 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.2.2. Correct Powor Sequencing ‘The system designer must ensure that the 2.SV CVDD and 3,3V RVDD power supply rails power up in the correct sequence. That is, at any time during the power-up sequence the actual voltage of the 3.3V RYDD power supply should alyays be equal to or higher than the actual voltage of the 2.SV CVDD power supply. In mathematical terms, Vivao >= Vovpo ata times. This is illustrated in Figure 10. In addition, the system designer must ensure that the 2.5V core VDD supply must be active for at least |Ims before the rising edge of the chip RESETn signal during the chip power-up sequence, The rising edge of RESETn signal is used to latch the bootstrap configurations, so its correct timing relationship to the core VDD is critical for correct chip operation. To Figure 10. ‘Correct Power Sequencing Parameter Min Typ Max ‘Vavoo-cvno( far all #=0) ov Tovonseesete ms 4.3 Analog to Digital Converter ‘The gm3121 chip has three ADC's (analog-to-digital converters), ane for each color (red, green, and blue), C2121-DAT-OWF 2 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetin att rt at tt 4.3.1 ADC Pin Connection ‘The analog RGB signals are connected to the gm?11 as described below: Table 12. Pin Connection for RGB Input with HSYNC/VSYNG Pla Name ‘ADC Signal Name, [Rede Red [Rea Terminate as Wusirated in Figure 11 [Green (Green [Green- Terminate as Wusirated in Figure 11 [aur tue [ate Terminate as Musirated in Figure 11 [HSYNe Horizontal Syne (Terminate as Mustraiedin Figure 11), lysync. Varseat Syne (Terminate as with HSYNC lusirated in Figure 11) Figure 11. Example ADC Signal Terminations Please note that itis very important to follow the recommended layout guidelines for the circuit shown in Figure 11, These are described in "gmS115 Layout Guidelines" document number C5115-SLG-OLA, 4.3.2. ADC Characteristics ‘The table below summarizes the characteristies of the ADC: C2121-DAT-OWF 2B December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comWetinss, Comte bate ten Table 13. ADE Characteristics min [Te | MAX [NOTE Hisar Ap natn BO WHE [Grice by design Ws ihe Wack est Amp Banana prospenenaie 200 lai ate maar srg (Fase aia Rage RES eps | GEV Hv [Fat See At Seay Ts [aarnnem lndepenrt ot see ROD, Sei An ena es [essured st ADC Ou [Sampling Frequency (Fs) 10 Mrz 162.5 Mie [iret NarLineary COR TESTS rae isa eas Fe tsa Coes [urareed by Fre Noncieary NO Ee Fa =tae ue [erannalie Channel Waiting SEaSSe [Note that input formats with resolutions or refresh rates higher than that supported by the LCD panel are supported as recovery modes only, This is called RealRecovery™. For example, it may be necessary to shrink the image. This may introduce image artifacts. However, the image is clear enough te-allow the user to change the display properties. ‘The gm2121 ADC has a built in clamp circuit-for AC-coupled inputs. By inserting series capacitors (about 10 nF}, the DC offset of an extemal video source can be removed. The clamp pulse position and ‘width are programmable. 4.3.3 Clock Recovery Circuit ‘The SDDS (Source Direct Digital Synthesis) clock recovery circuit generates the clock used to sample analog RGB data (IP_CLK or source clock). This circuit is locked to HSYNC of the incoming video signal Patented digital clock synthesis technology makes the gm2121 clock circuits resistant to temperature/voltage drift, Using DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) technology, the clock recovery circuit can generate any IP_CLK clock frequency within the range of 1OMHz to 16SMHz. nage nase R G. Le 8 oxic es Figure 12. gm2121 Clock Recovery C2121-DAT-OWF bttpsliwww.Retinss, camino tt 4.3.4 Sampling Phase Adjustment ‘The programmable ADC sampling phase is adjusted by delaying the HSYNC input to the SDDS, The accuracy of the sampling phase is checked and the result read from a register. This feature enables accurate aute-adjusiment of the ADC sampling phase. 4.3.5 ADC Capture Window Figure 13 below illustrates the capture window used for the ADC input, In the horizontal direction the capture window is defined in IP_CLKs (equivalent to a pixel count). Inthe vertical direction it is defined inlines. ‘All the parameters beginning with “Source” are programmed gm2121 registers values. Note that the input vertical total is solely determined by the input and is not a programmable parameter. Figure 13. ADC Capture Window ‘The Reference Point marks the leading edge of the first internal HSYNC following the leading edge of an internal VSYNC. Both the internal HSYNC and the internal VSYNC are derived from external HSYNC and VSYNC inputs Horizontal parameters are defined in terms of single pixel increments relative to the internal horizontal sync, Vertical parameters are defined in terms of single line increments relative to the internal vertical sync. For ADC interlaced inputs, the gm2121 may be programmed to automatically determine the field type (even or odd) from the VSYNC/HSYNC relative timing. See Input Format Measurement, Section 44. C2121-DAT-OWF 25 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.4 Test Pattern Generator (TPG) ‘The gm2121 contains hundreds of test patterns, some of which are shown in Figure 14, Once Programmed, the gm212I test pattern generator can replace a video source (e.g. a PC) during factory calibration and test. This simplifies the test procedure and eliminates the possibility of image noise being injected into the system from the source. The foreground and background colors are programmable. In addition, the gm2121 OSD controller can be used to produce other patterns. ff Seen ERE === Figure 14. Some of gm2121 built-in test patterns ‘The DDC2Bi port can be used for factory testing. The factory test station connects to the gm?121 through the Direct Data Channel (DDC) of the BSUBIS connector. Then, the PC can make gm2121 display test patterns (see section 4.4), A camera can be used to automate the calibration of the LCD panel. Factory Test Station Device-Under-Test ‘Camera Figure 15. Factory Calibration and Test Environment 4.5 Input Format Measurement ‘The gm212 hasan Input Format Measurement block (the IFM) providing the capability of measuring the horizontal and vertical timing parameters of the input video source, This information may be used to determine the video format and to detect a change in the input format. It is also capable of detecting the field type of interlaced formats, ‘The IFM features a programmable reset, separate from the regular gm2121 softreset. This reset disables, the IPM reducing power consumption. The [FM is capable of operating, while gm2121 is running in power down mode, Horizontal measurements are measured in terms of the selected IFM_CLK (either TCLK or RCLK/4), while vertical measurements are measured in terms of HSYNC pulses. C2121-DAT-OWF 26 December 2002 ittp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt For an overview of the internally synthesized clocks, see section 4.1 4.51 HSYNG / VSYNC Delay ‘The active input region captured by the gm2121 is specified with respect to intemal HSYNC and VSYNC. By defaul, internal syncs are equivalent to the HSYNC and VSYNC at the input pins and thus foree the captured region to be bounded by external HSYNC and WSYNC timing. However, the gm2121 Provides an internal HSYNC and VSYNC delay feature that removes this limitation. This feature is available for use with the ADC input, By delaying the syne internally, the gm2121 ean capture data that spans across the syne pulse. It is possible to use HSNYC and VSYNC delay for image positioning. (Altematively, Source HSTART and Source_VSTART in Figure 13 are used for image positioning of analog input.) Taken to an extreme, the intentional movement of images across apparent HSYNC and VSYNC boundaries creates a horizontal and/or vertical wrap effect. HSYNC is delayed by a programmed number of selected input clocks, Hsgimemay [| eapture rm capture Mm capture pogamania Ve (+ sy wputboch sey cape cas HSRC Figure 16. HSYNC Delay Delayed horizontal sync may be used to solve a potential problem with VSY'NC jitter with respect to HSYNC. VSYNC and HSYNC are generally driven active coincidentally, but with different paths to the gm2121 (HSYNC is often regenerated ffoma PLL). Asa result, WSYNC may be seen earlier or later. Because VSYNC is used to-reset the line counter and HSWNC is used to increment it, any difference in the relative position of HSYNC and VSYNC is seen on-screen as vertical jitter. By delaying the HSYNC ‘small amount, it can be ensured that VSYNC always resets the line counter prior to it being ineremented. by the “first” HSYNC. acta data eaten HS body ir (ajo lca sty waa aig HS (system) Internal Delayed HS [| Figure 17. Active Data Crosses HSYNC Boundary C2121-DAT-OWF 2 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.5.2. Horizontal and Vertical Measurement ‘The IFM is able to measure the horizontal period and active high pulse width of the HSYNC signal, in terms of the selected clock period (either TCLK or RCLK/4.). Horizontal measurements are performed on only a single line per frame (or field). The line used is programmable. It is able to measure the vertical period and VSYINC pulse width in terms of rising edges of HSYNC. (Once enabled, measurement begins on the rising VSYNC and is completed on the following rising ‘VSYNC. Measurements are made on every field / frame until disabled. 4.5.3. Format Change Detection ‘The IFM is able to detect changes in the input format relative to the last measurement and then alert both the system and the on-chip microcontroller. The microcontroller sets.a measurement difference threshold separately for horizontal and vertical timing. Ifthe current field / frame timing is different from the Previously captured measurement by an amount exceeding this threshold, a status bit is set. An interrupt can also be programmed to oceur, 45.4 Watchdog ‘The watchdog monitors input VSYNC J HSYNC. When any HSYNC period exceeds the programmed timing threshold (in terms of the selected IFM_CLK), a register bit is sct. When any VSYNC period exceeds the programmed timing threshold (in terms of HSYNC pulses), a second register bit is sct. An interrupt can also be programmed to occur. 4.5.5 Internal Odd/Even Field Detection (For Interlaced Inputs to ADC Only) ‘The IFM has the ability to perform field decoding of interlaced inputs to the ADC, The uset specifies start and end values to outline a““window" relative to HSYNC. If the VSYNC leading edge occurs within this window, the IFM signals the start of an ODD field. Ifthe VSYNC leading edge occurs outside this window, an EVEN field is indicated (the interpretation of odd and even can be reversed). The window start and end points are selected from a predefined set af values. iow VS+ even Vs eda Figuro 18. ODDIEVEN Field Dotection C2121-DAT-OWF 28 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesi¢-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.5.6 Input Pixel Measurement ‘The gm2121 provides a number of pixel measurement functions intended to assist in configuring system parameters such as pixel clock, SDDS sample clocks per line and phase setting, centering the image, or adjusting the contrast and brightness. 4.5.7 Image Phase Measurement ‘This function measures the sampling phase quality over a'selected active window region. This feature may be used when programming the source DDS to select the proper phase setting, Please refer to the gm2121 Programming Guide for the optimized algorithm. 4.5.8 Image Boundary Detection ‘The gm2121 performs measurements to determine the image boundary. This information is used when Programming the Active Window and centering the image. 4.5.9 Image Auto Balance ‘The gm212I performs measurements on the input data that is used to adjust brightness and contrast. 4.6 RealColor™ Digital Color Controls ‘The gm2121 provides high-quality digital color controls. These consist ofa subtractive “black level" stage, followed by a full 3x3 RGB matrix multiplication stage, followed by a signed offiet stage as shown in Figure 19. ‘Subtractive ‘3x3 Color ‘Additive ‘Offset Conversion Offset (Black Level) (Brightness) Red in = x Fe Red Out =S JTS Figure 19. RealColor™ Digital Color Controls ‘This structure can accommodate all RGB color controls such as black-level (subtractive stage}, contrast (multiplicative stage), and brightness (signed additive offset). In addition, it supports all YUV color controls including brightness (additive factor applied to Y), contrast (multiplicative factor applied to Y), hhue (rotation of U and V through an angle) and saturation (multiplicative factor applied to both Y and V). ‘To provide the highest color purity all mathematical functions use 10 bits of accuracy. The final result is then dithered to eight or six bits (as required by the LCD panel). C2121-DAT-OWF 28 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.6.1 RealColor™ Flesh tone Adjustment. ‘The human eye is more sensitive to variations of flesh tones than other colors, for example, the user may not care if the color of grass is modified slightly during image capture andior display. However, if skin tones are modified by even a small amount, itis unacceptable. ‘The gm?121 features flesh tone adjustment capabilities. This feature is not based on lookup tables, but rather a manipulation of ‘YUV-channel parameters, Flesh tone adjustment is available for all inputs. 46.2 Color Standardization and sRGB Support Intemet shoppers may be very picky about what calor they experience on the display. gm2 121 RealColor™ digital color controls can be used to make the color response of an LCD monitor compliant with standard color definitions, such as sRGB. sRGB isa standard for color exchange proposed by Microsoft and HP (see waw.srsb,com). gm2121 RealColor contrals can be used to make LCD monitors sRGB compliant, even if the native response of the LCD panel itself is not. 4.7 High-Quality Scaling ‘The gm2121 zoom scaler uses an adaptive scaling technique proprietary to Genesis Microchip Inc., and Provides high quality scaling of real time video and graphics images. An input field/frame is scalable in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions, Interlaced fields may be spatially de-interlaced by vertically scaling and repositioning the input fields to align with the output display"s pixel map. 4.7.1 Variable Zoom Scaling ‘The gm212I scaling filter can combine its advanced scaling with a pixel-replication type scaling function, ‘This is useful for improving the sharpness and definition of graphics when sealing at high zoom factors (such as VGA to SXGA). 4.7.2, Horizontal and Vertical Shrink ‘The gm2121 provides an arbitrary horizontal and vertical shrink down to (50% + 1 pixelfline) of the original image size. This allows the gm2121 to capture and display images one VESA standard format larger than the native display resolution. For example, UXGA may be captured and displayed on an SXGA panel, 4.8 Bypass Options ‘The gm3121 has the capability to completely bypass internal processing. In this case, captured input signals and data are passed, with a small register latency, straight through to the display output. ‘The gm2121 is also able to bypass the zoom filter, C2121-DAT-OWF 0 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comRetinss, camino tt 4.9 Gamma LUT ‘The gm2121 provides an § to 10-bit look-up table (LUT) for each input color channel intended for Gamma correction and to compensate for a non-linear response of the LCD panel. .A 10-bit output results in an improved color depth control. The 10-bit output is then dithered down te 8 bits (or 6 bits) per channel at the display (sce section 4.10.3 below). The LUT is user programmable to provide an arbitrary transfer function. Gamma correction occurs after the zoom / shrink scaling block. ‘The LUT has bypass enable. If bypassed, the LUT does not require programming. 4.10 Display Output Interface ‘The Display Output Part provides data and control signals that permit the gm2121 to connect to a variety of flat panel or CRT devices. The output interface is configurable for 1 or 24-bit RGB pixels, either single or double pixel wide. All display data and timing signals are synchronous with the DCLK output lock. 4.10.1 Display Synchronization Refer to section 4.1 far information regarding internal clock synthesis, ‘The gm2I21 supports the following display synchronization modes: ‘+ Frame Syne Mode: The display frame rate is synchronized to the input frame or field rate. This mode is used for standard operation. ‘= Free Run Mode: No synchronization. This mode is used when there is no valid input timing (Le. to display OSD messages or a splash screen) or for testing purposes. In free-run mode, the dispiay timing is determined only by the values programmed into the display window and timing registers. 4.10.2 Programming the Display Timing Display timing signals provide timing information so the Display Port can be eannected to an external display device. Based on values programmed in registers, the Display Output Port produces the horizontal sync (DHS), vertical syne (DVS), and data enable (DEN) control signals, which are then encoded into the LVDS data stream by the on-chip LVDS transmitter, The figure below provides the registers that define the output display timing. Horizontal values are programmed in single pixel increments relative to the leading edge of the horizontal sync signal, Vertical values are programmed in line increments relative to the leading edge of the vertical syne signal. C2121-DAT-OWF at December 2002 ttp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.como GENESIS tr at ht i i i vpeone,0 bus | u DEN ft ak, Beene ex AcT Soe arat nated: areal ts Figure 20. Display Windows and Timing ‘The dauble-wide output only supports an even number of horizontal pies. (DEN (Ouipaty “Rrouoay =X a8 YX wet KX rea Xe ree oRIocO8 (Output) Figure 21. ‘Single Pixel Width Display Data 2 December 2002 sis-microchip.com C2121-DAT-OWFRetinss, camino tt Figure 22. Double Pixel Wide Display Data 4.10.3 Panel Power Sequencing (PPWR, PBIAS) gm2121 has two dedicated outputs PPWR and PBIAS to control LCD power sequencing once data and control signals are stable. The timing of these signals is fully programmable. PreK One ct Da Cor Sg Faas ope sua sul] Ve O38 36 v Elecrostalic Discharge Vess 20 a Lice te 00 [ma [Ambient Operating Temperature Te o Ey < [Storage Temperature Tsu [| 40 125 o | Operating Junction Temp. u o 125 c [Thermal Resistance (Junction to Air) Natural Convection “ oy a4 cw | Thermal Resistance (Junction to Case) Convection” Oe 13.2 sc | Soidering Temperature (30 sec.) Tsou 220 *c |Wapor Phase Soldering (30 sec.) Twae 220 °c vor (9) Al'votages are maar ured wit respect to GND. (2), Abeokte maximum votage ranges are for rnsien ollage excursions. (0) Package thermal rcitance fe based on 2 PCB wht one signal plane and two power planes. Package Rte improved on ‘PCB with four or more layers. (Based on the figures for the Operating Junction Temperature, 8xcand Power Consumption in Table 20, the typical case ‘amporsture ie calculated ae T,# T,-P xO. THis equale (02 degrees Caius, C2121-DAT-OWF 6 December 2002 ittp:lwww.genesis-micrechip.comWins gm2t2t Preliminary Data Sheet Table 20. DC Characteristics PARAMETER syweot_] MN] we] wax” | unis POWER Power Consumaion @ 135 MH2 P rst [| ums | w Power Consumption @ Law Power Mode @ Pur 0.076 we 3.31 Supply VoRoge Wwoss [30 3a 36 v 2.5V Supply Vomtages Vozs 225 25 275 Mv ‘Supply Current @ Low Power Made © he 28 ma ‘Total Supply Current @ CLK =135MHz ' se 86 ma = 2.5 digital supply © tea voe an 468 ma = 2.5V analog supply“ leayuen, 80 80 ma echoes ae wzjeo 8 " ™ waco w @ m™ ‘High Voltage Vet 20 Vow v Law Voltage Me exo 8 v (Clock High Voltage Vise 24 Vos v Clock Low Vatiage vec exo on v High Current (Vix = 5.0 Vb les. 28 25 aA Law Curent (Vai # 0.8 Vp 4h 2s 2 wa Capacitance (Vin = 2.4 V) Cu 8 oF OUTPUTS High Voge (lu = 7 ma) Vee 24 Veo v Low Voltage (la. = -7 mA) Vow ‘GND od Vv Th-State Leakage Curent 6 Fa NoTes (2) Maximum current figures are provided forthe purposes of eolecting an appropriste power supply circu. Inciudes 2 5V digital core (COD) Bsso8 Inciudes pins VDD1_ADC,2-8, VDOZ_ADC_7'8 and LVDS transsntter power pins. Imetudes pine VOD_DPLL, VOO_SODS, VDD_DODS and RVDO. Imetudes pine AVOD_ADC, AVDD_RED, AVDD_GREEN, AVDO_BLUE, AVDD_RPLL, AVDD_SDDS, and AVDD_DODS. Low power figures rezuit rom setting te ADC apd clock power down bits go thst aniy the micro-controlar i: running. (C2121-DAT-O1F December 2002Wiss ns mann §.2 Preliminary AC Characteristics The following targeted specifications have been derived by simulation. -5V logie-switching threshold. ‘The minimum and maximum operating \6pE for all outputs, All timing is measured to a conditions used were: Tiyg = 0 to 125°C, Vidd = 2.35 to 2.65¥, Process =best to warst, Cy Table 21. Maximum Speed of Operation Clock Domain Max Speed of Operation tain input Clack (TCLK) 2a Mz (20.0MIHs recommended) ‘ADC Clack (ACLK) 162. 5urz THOLK Host terface Glock (G-wire protocoh SMH Teput Format Measurement Clock (IFM_GLKY SOF (20 OMe recommended) Reference Clock (RCLK) Odie (200M recommended) (On Chip Rtieroconsroller Clock (OCM_CLK) "100 nz Display Clock (OCU. 135 Ma ‘Table 22. Display Timing and DCLK Adjustments DP_TMING> [Tap Oven [ Tapt Tapz Taps Min | Max [lin | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max dns) | cnsy | crs) | tns) | ins) | (ns) | (ns) | (ns) Propagation delay trom DCLK to DADE" so [a5 [os [as [os [os [15 [15 Propagation delay fram DGLK to DHS To | 45 [os [ss [os [2s [15] 5 Propagation delay from DCLK 10 OVS as | as foo fas [10 [28 |20]75 Propagation delay trom DCLK to DEN so [as [os [as [os [2s [as [as ‘Nae: DCL AC Clock Adjacent ave the amwuat of additonal dey Chat am be ered ia the DCL path rer to eda dhe ropaation delay Bemteen DCL snd ts related gaa. Table 23. 2-Wire Host Interface Port Timing Parameter ‘Symbal_| WIN | TYP | MAX as ‘SCL_HIGH imme Tas 125 = ‘SCL LOW HME Taxa 1.28) ws 'SDAto SCL Setup Taos 30 1s ‘SDA from SGL Hold Tae 20 1s Propagation delay from SCL to SDA Taoos 10 16, ns ‘Nese: The above table aoumes OCM_CLK=R_CLK/2 = 10H ME (taal) le HOan/elack) C2121-DAT-OWF 8 December 2002 bttp:lwww.genesi¢-micrechip.comRetinss, rat ae §.3 External ROM Interface Timing Requirements sou seraet QQ) FoM_ACORISD ore wre FON OE acre ena Lactate aie hast tates Figure 31. External ROM Interface Timing Diagram Tesora ax 1/ fro 1/ 24MH2 = 41.6 n5 (24M TCLK crystals used) MICRO_CLK isthe internal MCU clock derived from TCLK and has the same frequency as TCLK. Al the maximum supported TGLK trequency (24MHz) the MICRO_CLK periad is about 4 ins. ‘The ROM datas latched on the third MIGRO_CLK rising edge after he ADDRESS bus is asserted. Due to this requirement, the extemal ROM should have a maximum access time of equal fo or less than three TCLK periods (for ‘example, less than 123 ns when 24MHz TCLK crystal is used). ‘There are three criteria to be met forthe external ROM interface timing (again, using 24MH TCLK as a worst-case example): A. Tae 4x Tuuncopx* 168.4 95, 2 Taeenae’ 3x Tumeocu 126.8 ne B Tees 2x Thanoa. x ® 83.2 05 C2121-DAT-OWF 0 December 2002 ttp:liwww. genesis:Wins 9m212 Preliminary Data Sheet 6 Ordering Information Order Code ‘Application Package Temperature, Range gm2121 SXGA 160-pin PQFP_ 0-70°C C2121-DAT-OFF December 2002Weiss titty a 7 Mechanical Specifications. iieneter a Rome rams fase Joos —oas Figure 32. gm2121 160-pin POFP Mechanical Drawing C2121-DAT-OWF 51 bttp:lwww.genesi¢-micrechip.com