PHYSICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : ISEET (IIT-JEE)
TOPIC : SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
PART - I
1. f = a bx
For maximum velocity, acceleration should be zero.
a
i.e. a bx = 0 x=
b
a
At x = , the particle has its maximum velocity..
b
vdv v2 bx 2
f= = a bx = ax c
dx 2 2
At x = 0 ; v = 0 c=0
a a
Substituting ; x=
; gives vmax =
b b
Also, the velocity of the car should become zero at station B.
bx 2 2a
i.e. ax 0 x=0;x=
2 b
2a
Distance between the two stations is
b
Alternate : f = a bx means particle will do SHM.
At mean position ; f = 0
a
x=
b

In the figure shown, 'C' is the mean position and A & B are extreme positions
2a a a
x max = & Vmax = A = b. .
b b b
2. x 1 = Asin(t + 1) x 2 = Asin(t + 2)
1 2 1 2
|x 1 x 2| = 2A sin(2t + ) cos
2 2
1 2
To maximize |x 1 x 2| : sin(2t + )=1
2
1 2 1 1 2
a 2 = 2a 1 cos 2 = cos
2

2
1 2
= 1 2 = .
4 2 2
Hence (B).
dx
3. average velocity V = =A
A sin t
dt
t t
t
v dt A sin dt cos t

o
A


A[cos t cos 0]
o 0
<V> = t = t <V> = =
t
[ t ]0 (t 0)
dt dt
o
o

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 1

 A[1 cos t ]
<V> =
t

A 6A 3 3A
t = 1 cos = 1 = 2 3
6 ( / 6 ) 6 2

3 A
since particle does not change it's direction in the given interval , average speed = v =

2 3
d
4.
dt
=2 d = 2 dt = 2t

Let BP = a x = OM = a sin = a sin(2t)

Hence M executes SHM within the given time period
and its acceleration is opposite to x that means towards left

5. Let the line joining AB represents axis r. By the conditions given

r coordinate of the particle at time t is
Since particle starts SHM from point A [Extreme position] amplitude = 2 2
r = 2 2 cos t

2 2
= = =
T 2
r = 2 2 cos t

r
x = r cos 45 = = 2 cos t
2
ax = 2 x = 2 2 cos t Fx = max = 42 cos t

d2 v
6. = kv
dt 2
this equation has standard solution v = v0 sin ( k t + ) where = k
Hence the particle executes SHM with angular frequency = k

k
or frequency f=
2

7. Oscillations represented by curve 2 lags in phase by /2 and the periods are same. Amplitude of curve
2 is double that of 1. Put t = 0, then x = 2A sin (0 /2) = 2A
Hence (A).

2 2 2
8. a= x = = T= = 16 sec.
64 8
64

T
There is a time difference of between t = 2 sec. to t = 10 sec. Hence particle is again passing
2
through the mean position of SHM where its speed is maximum.

4 2 32 2
i.e. Vmax = A = 4 2 A= = m.
/8

9. At t = 4 x=0
i.e. particle must pass through the mean position so curve (3) is not correct
The magnitude of slope of xt graph is the speed
Among curves (1) and (2), slope of (1) greater at t = 4 so (A) is correct

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 2

10. The equation a = 100x + 50 = 100(x 1/2)
1 1
[a = kx form where x = x and x = is the mean position]
2 2
itself shows that the particle performs SHM.
Hence (D).

dv
11. v = 100x + 50
dx

v2 100x 2
vdv 50 100 x dx
2
= 50x
2
+c

At x = 2 ij v=0
0 = 100 200 + c c = 100.
100 x 2
v2 = 2 50x 2 100

At x = 0; v= 2(100 ) v = 10 2 m/s Ans.

12. By work energy theorem;

wext + wspring = k f k i
Let x 1, x 2 be the initial and final extensions and
v, v' are initial and final velocities.
Initially,
1 1
Fx 1 kx 12 = mv2 (1)
2 2
1 1
and finally Fx 2 k'x 22 = mv'2 (2)
2 2

In both cases : force applied is same, and velocity becomes maximum when F = kx. (at equilibrium)
(after which the mass will deaccelerate)
x1
F = kx 1 = (4k)x 2 x2 = (k = 4k)
4
Substituting in (2) :
1 1
fx 2 k x 22 = mv2
2 2
2
Fx1 1 x1 1 1 1 1
(4k) = mv2 [Fx 1 kx 12] = mv'2 (3)
4 2 4
2 4 2 2
Dividing (3)/(1) ; we get :
1 v'2 v
= 2 v'= .
4 v 2
13. Restoring torque :
= ky L = KL2 (Since y L from figure)
2
mL 3k
kL2 = . = = 2
3 m

3k
= Ans.
m
14. Torque about hinge
2.5 g. 40 cos 1g.100 cos =0
So rod remains stationary after the release.

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 3

15. Resultant displacement will be the vector sum of two displacements :.
4
S= S12 S 22 2S1S 2 cos 37 = a 2 sin 2 t b 2 sin 2 t 2ab sin 2 t
5

8ab
S= a2 b2 sint
5
Which shows that the particle will perform SHM.
16. Amplitude phasor diagram :

resultant amplitude = 6 2 .

17*. acceleration a = 2x
2
m 2
2 2 .5
max acceleration amax =A=
T 100
When block and platform are separated
42 1 2
amax = g = 10 . = 10 T2 = T = /10sec
T2 40 100

PART - II
1. Method - 1
total distance travelled S
Average speed = total time taken = 2 (2n 1)
Here t = 2 (2n 1) = 4n 2 = 4(n 1) + 2
From the graph it is clear that the Time period T = 4 sec.
T
t = (n 1) T +
2
Total distance travelled in one time period is = 4A
where A is amplitude
Total distance travelled in t is S = (n 1) 4A + 2A = (2n 1) 2A
(2n 1)2A 2
<v> = =A and A = vmax = 4 A=4
2(2n 1) 4
8 8
A= <v> = m/s Ans.

Method - 2
It can be observed from the graph, that average speed in time interval t = 0 to t = 2 sec is same as that in
intervals t = 0 to t = 4 sec., t = 0 to t = 8 sec., t = 0 to t = 12 sec............
or t = 0 to t = 2 (2n 1) seconds
The speed as function of time is
2 2 t
v = 4 sin t = 4 sin t = 4 sin .
T 4 2
The average speed in time interval
2 2
t
vdt 4 sin 2 dt 8
0 0
t = 0 to t = 2 sec is v = = = m/s
2 2
dt
0

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 4

2. The coordinates of the particles are
x1 = A1 cos t, x2 = A2 cos t
separation = x1 x2 = (A1 A2) cos t = 12 cos t
Now x1 x2 = 6 = 12 cos t
2
t = . t = t = 2s
3 12 3
3. The angular position of pendulum 1 and 2 are
(taking angles to the right of reference line xxto be positive)

4
1 = cos t [where T = 2 ]
T g

2 2
2 = cos t = cos t
T T
For the strings to be parallel for the first time
1 = 2
4 2 4 2
or cos t = cos t t = 2n t
T T T T

T T 3T
for n = 0, t = for n = 1, t = ,
2 6 2

T
Both the pendulum are parallel to each other for the first time after t = = Ans.
6 3 g

4. (a) x 2 + y2 = a2 (sin2 t + cos 2 t) = a2

Hence the particle moves in a circle of radius a with centre at origin.
(b) At t = 0 sec, x = 0 and y = + a.
Hence the particle is at P as shown in figure.
As t increases x increases and y decreases
The particle moves in clock wise sense.
(c) The x and y components of acceleration are

d2 x 2
d2 y
ax = = x ; a = = 2 y
dt 2 dt 2
y

The magnitude of force = m a 2x a 2y = m2 a

5. (a) In equilibrium, pressure of same liquid at same level will be same.

Therefore , P1 = P2
or P + ( 1.5 g h 1 ) = P + ( g h 2 )
( P = pressure of gas in empty part of the tube )
1.5 h 1 = h 2
1.5 [ R cos R sin ] = ( R cos + R sin )
or 3 cos 3 sin= 2 cos + 2 sin
or 5 tan = 1
1
= tan 1 h
5

(b) When liquids are slightly disturbed by an angle . Net

restoring pressure P = 1.5 gh + gh This pressure will
be equal at all sections of the liquid. Therefore, net restor


ing torque on the whole liquid. h
h = R sin (+) Rsin

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 5

 = (P) (A) (R)
or , = 2.5gh AR
= 2.5g AR [R sin ( + ) R sin ]
= 2.5g AR 2 [ sin cos + sin cos sin ]
Assuming cos = 1 and sin = (given, is small )
= (2.5 A gR 2 cos )
or = ( 2.5 AgR 2 cos ) ...........(1)
26
Here, = ( m1 + m2) R2 1
R R
=[( .A ) + . A ( 1.5 ) ] R 2
2 2 5
= (1.25 R 3 ) A
5
and cos = = 0.98
26
Substituting in equation (1), we have
(6.11)
= angular acceleration angular displacement
R
As angular acceleration is proportional to , motion is simple harmonic in nature.

R
T = 2 = 2
6.11

6. Given Mass of each block A and B, m = 0.1kg

Radius of circle, R = 0.06 m
Natural length of spring 0 = R = 0.06 ( Half circle )
and spring constant, k = 0.1 N/m
In the stretched position elongation in each spring
x = R .
Let us draw FBD of A
Spring in lower side is stretched by 2x and on upper side compressed by 2x. Therefore, each spring will exert
a force 2kx on each ball.
Hence, a restoring force, F = 4kx will act on A in the direction shown in figure.
Restoring torque of this force about origin
= F . R = (4kx) R = (4kR) R
or = 4kR 2 . ...........(1)
Since, , each ball executes angular SHM about origin O.
Eq. (1) can be rewritten as
I = 4kR 2
or ( mR 2 )= 4kR 2
4k
or =
m

1 acceleration 1
Frequency of oscillation , f = =
2 displacement 2

1 4k
f=
2 m
Substituting the values, we have

1 4 0.1 1
f= = Hz
2 0.1

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 6

 1 k
Alternate : f=
2

m1m 2 m
where k = 2k, =
m1 m 2 2

1 4k 1 4 0.1 1
f= = = Hz
2 m 2 0.1

(ii) In stretched position, potential energy of the system is

R
1 x
PE = 2 { k } { 2x } 2 = 4kx 2 6
2
and in mean position, both the blocks have kinetic energy only. Hence,
1
KE = 2 { mv2max } = mv2max
2
From energy conservation
PE = KE
4kx 2 = mv2max

k k
vmax = 2x = 2R
m m
Substituting the values

0.1
vmax = 2 (0.06) ( / 6 ) = 0.02
0.1
or vmax = 0.0628 m /s
(iii) Total energy of the system, E = PE in stretched position
or = KE at mean position
21
E = 2 2 mv max = ( 0.1) ( 0.0628 ) 2 J or E = 3.9 10 4 J

7. Between C and D block will move with constant speed of 120 cm/s. Therefore, period of oscillation will be
(starting from C ).
T2 T1
T = t CD + +t DC
+
2 2

m m
Here, T1 = 2 k and T2 = 2 k2
1

CD 0
and t =t = = = 0.5 s
CD DC
v 120

2 0 .2 2 0 .2
T = 0.5 + + 0.5 +
2 3 .2 2 1.8
( m = 200 g = 0.2 kg )
T = 2.82 s

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 7

8. (i) When m1 is removed only m2 is left. Therefore, angular frequency :

k
= m2

(ii)

2 + A = 1
(m1 m2 ) m2 g m1g
A = 1 2 = =
K K K

9. If plank is displaced by x toward right then

Let N1, N2 and f1, f2 are Normal and friction force at Point A and B
by force balance
N1 + N2 = Mg (1)
and Torque balance
Mg ( + x) = N2 2 (2)
by equation (1) and (2)
Mg Mgx Mg Mgx
N1 = N2 = +
2 2 2 2

Mg Mgx
So f1 =
2 2

Mg Mgx
and f2 =
2 2

F.B.D of M a

f2 f1 = Ma
2Mgx d2 x
. = Ma = .M
2 dt 2

d2 x gx
2

dt

Time period = 2 g

RESONANCE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION - 8