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SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE

SPORTS HALL FOR KERALA STATE SPORTS
COUNCIL THROUGH M/S. KITCO LTD.
DECEMBER 2013
BY
GEO FOUNDATIONS & STRUCTURES PVT. LTD.
6TH FLOOR, ALPHA PLAZA,
K.P.VALLON ROAD, KADAVANTHRA,
KOCHI-682 020.
PHONE: 2316042/ 2324851
CONTENTS
Page No.
1) Introduction 1
2) Object of Investigation 1
3) Scope of work 1-2
4) Field Investigations 2-3
5) Laboratory Investigation 3
6) Soil Profile 3-4
7) Discussion and Type of foundation 4-5
8) Method of Computing Safe Bearing Capacity 5-7
9) Concluding Remarks 7-8
10) Site Plan ` 9
11) Test Results of BH:01 10 - 16
12) Test Results of BH-02 17 - 24

Client: M/s. Kitco Ltd 1 Soil Investigation for the proposed Indoor
Stadium
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The work of sub-soil exploration for the proposed Multi purpose Sports Hall at
Kottayam for M/s. Kerala State Sports Council was entrusted to M/s. Geo
Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd., 6th Floor, Alpha Plaza, K.P.Vallon Road,
Kadavanthra, Kochi 682020 through M/s. KITCO Ltd.
1.2 The soil investigation and laboratory studies were carried out in November 2013.
This report summarises the investigations and furnishes suggestions for the
foundations.
2.0 OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
2.1 The object of investigation is to ascertain the nature and characteristics of sub-soil
below the ground level at the proposed site. The study would include identification
of suitable foundation system for the proposed structure.
3.0 SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work at this site comprised of the following:
3.1 Mobilization of boring rigs with all necessary equipments and personnel.
3.2 Boring of Two boreholes with rotary power drilling equipments through sand, silt, &
clay etc. to a maximum depth of 16.3meters.
3.3 Conducting Standard Penetration Tests in bore-holes and collecting the disturbed
samples including packing and transportation to laboratory.
3.4 To conduct the following laboratory tests on soil samples:
(a) Particle size analysis:
(i) Sieve analysis
(ii) Hydrometer analysis
(b) Index properties:
Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd

Stadium
(i) Liquid limit
(ii) Plastic limit
(c) Dry & wet density
(d) Water content
(e) Specific gravity
(f) Direct shear test
(g) Unconfined Compression test
3.5 Preparation and submitting detailed report with field and lab results including
suggestion for suitable type of foundation.
4.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
4.1 One boring rig with all requisite equipments and accessories were mobilised at
the work site. A team of technical personnel with skilled labours were also
deputed.
4.2 Two bore-holes were bored to a maximum depth of 16.3m below the existing
ground level. The bore-holes were made as per IS: 1892- 1979.
4.3 Disturbed samples were collected at every change of strata or about 1.50
metres depth interval whichever was earlier. The samples so collected were
carefully sealed and numbered with full particulars for identification and sent
to the laboratory.
4.4 Standard Penetration Tests were conducted in the bore- holes at regular
intervals of 1.50m as per IS: 2131-1981. In this test, the standard split spoon
sampler is driven into the ground at the required depth by means of standard
hammer of 63.5 kgs weight, falling from a height of 75cm. Number of blows for
the first 15cm is not taken into consideration because of possible disturbances
or presence of settled, suspended matters at the bottom of the bore- holes.

Stadium
The total number of blows for the next 30cm depth of penetration is
considered as SPT N values and the graphical representation of N value is
shown in graphical representation of N value.
5.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
The following laboratory tests were conducted on the selected samples
recovered from the test bore-holes:
(a) Particle size analysis:
(i) Sieve analysis
(ii) Hydrometer analysis
(b) Index properties:
(i) Liquid limit
(ii) Plastic limit
(c) Dry & wet density
(d) Water content
(e) Specific gravity
(f) Direct shear test
(g) Unconfined Compression Test
(h) Tri axial shear test
All the above laboratory tests were carried out as per relevant Indian
Standard. All the samples were identified and classified as per IS: 1498-1970.
6.0 SOIL PROFILE
Soil profile for each bore hole is as given below and the location of the
borehole is as given in fig.1.

Stadium
The soil characteristic of BH-1 is depicted in fig. 3. The soil from top to 9.50m is
very soft sandy clayey silt of medium plasticity. Below this a medium to dense
layer of silty sand with presence of gravel is observed upto a depth of 13.5m
followed by rock upto 14.5m. the bore hole is terminated at this depth.
The soil characteristics of BH-2 are depicted in fig.9. As per this the top 4.0m is
loose gravely silty sand of non plastic nature. From 4.0m to 14.0m very soft
clayey silt of high plasticity is observed followed by a layer of loose gravely silty
sand upto 15.7m. Rock is encountered at this depth and the borehole is
terminated at 16.3m.
7.0 DISCUSSION AND TYPE OF FOUNDATION
7.1 From the bore logs and the soil profile it is observed the soil is very soft to soft
clay at top layers. So open square footing may not be a feasible foundation
system for the proposed structure.
7.2 RCC bored cast in situ single under reamed compaction piles taken to a
depth of 10.0m below the existing ground level can be provided as the
foundation for the proposed Indoor Stadium. The safe carrying capacities for
different diameters of piles are given below in Table No. 7.1. The load carrying
capacity of bored cast in situ under reamed compaction piles are designed
as per IS 2911(Part -3).
Table No: 7.1
Dia of Pile (cm) Safe capacity (T)

40 11
45 13
50 15

Stadium
7.3 Alternatively, for the structures expecting more loads from super structure, Bored
cast in situ RCC piles by DMC method installed as per the relevant clauses of IS
2911 part 1/sec 2 shall be provided as the foundation. These piles have to be
taken upto a depth of about 14m to 16.0m from the existing ground level and
resting on rocky strata. The pile capacities are worked out as per the relevant
clauses of IS 2911 Part1/sec 2 as given below in Table No.7.1
Table No: 7.1
Dia Safe Capacity
50cm 60 T
60cm 105 T
8.0 METHOD OF COMPUTING OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
(A) SINGLE UNDER REAMED COMPACTION PILES
Safe capacity of single under-reamed RCC compaction piles can be
computed by using the equation
For Cohesive soils
Qu = Ap.Nc.Cp + Aa NC.Ca' + Ca'As' + Ca.As.
Where,
Qu(kg) = ultimate bearing capacity of pile
Ap(cm) = cross sectional area of pile stem at toe
Nc = Bearing capacity factor-usally taken as 9.
Cp(Kg/cm) = Cohesion of soil around toe
Aa(cm) = /4(Du-D) Where Du(cm) and D(cm) are the under-ream and
stem diameter respectively.

Stadium
Ca'(Kg/cm) = average cohesion of soil around the under-reamed bulbs.
= reduction factor usually taken as 0.5 for clay
Ca(Kg/cm)= average cohesion of soil along the pile stem.
As (cm)=surface area of stem.
As=Surface area of the cylinder circumscribing the under reamed bulbs
(B) R.C.C. BORED CAST IN SITU PILE
Safe capacity of RCC Bored cast-in-situ pile can be computed by using the
formula given in IS: 2911 (Part-1/Sec-2)-1979:
Ultimate bearing capacity Qu of piles in Cohesion less soil :
n
Qu= Ap(0.5.D..N+PD.Nq)+k .PDi .tan . Asi
I=1
Where,
Ap= Cross sectional area of pile toe in cm
D= Stem dia. in cm
= effective unit weight of soil at pile toe in kg /cm
PD = effective overburden pressure in Kg / cm
N and Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of
internal friction at toe
I=n
= Summation of N layers in which pile is installed
I=1
K = Coefficient of earth pressure
PDi = effective overburden pressure in Kg /cm for the ith layer where i
varies from 1 to n.
= angle of wall friction between pile and soil in degree (may be taken

Stadium
equal to )
Asi= Surface area of pile stem in cm in the ith layer where i varies from 1 to
n.
For cohesive soil:-
Safe capacity of pile = 1/F {AP.Nc.Cp + . C.As)
Where
Ap- c/s area of pile toe in cm
Nc- bearing capacity factor
Cp- average cohesion at pile tip in Kg/cm
- Reduction factor
C average cohesion throughout the length of pile in Kg/cm
S- Surface area of pile shaft in cm
F - Factor of safety.
9.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS
9.1 RCC bored cast in situ single under reamed compaction piles taken to a depth of
10.0m may be provided as the foundation for the proposed Indoor Stadium. Safe
capacities for the different diameters of piles are as given below in Table No: 9.1
Table No: 9.1
Dia of Pile (cm) Safe capacity (T)

40 11.0
45 13.0
50 15.0
9.2 Alternatively, RCC bored cast in situ piles shall also be provided as the
foundation for the proposed structues, if more loads are expected. Piles shall
be taken upto a depth of about 14.0m to 16.0m from the existing ground
Stadium
level and socketing should rest on rocky strata. The safe capacity of piles are
given in table No.9.1
Table No: 9.2
Dia Safe Capacity

50cm 60 T
60cm 105 T
9.3 The suggestions given in this report are based on the results of tests on sub-soil
samples collected from the bore-holes. If in actual execution any variation is found,
the consultants may also referred to.
For GEO FOUNDATIONS & STRUCTURES PVT. LTD.
A.V.S.CHAKRAVARTI
M.Tech (Geotechnical Engg.)
SR. GENERAL MANAGER

: 20 :
Client: M/s.KITCO Ltd Soil Investigation Work for the Proposed Stadium
T-
GEO FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURES PVT. LTD
PROJECT : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED STADIUM AT KOTTAYAM
GRAINSIZE ANALYSIS TEST

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain size in millimeters
BH No. Depth IS Class Gravel(%) Sand(%) Silt(%) Clay(%) D60 D10 Cu

BH-02 1.50 GM-SM 52 25 23 0
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
BH No. Depth IS Class Gravel(%) Sand(%) Silt(%) Clay(%) D60 D10 D0

BH-02 4.50 CH 13 2 57 27
FIG.10
Geo Foundations Structures Pvt Ltd

: 21 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-02 6.00 CH 5 1 66 27
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-02 7.50 CH 0 1 73 26
FIG.11

: 22 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-02 9.00 CH 1 2 55 41
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-02 12.00 CH 0 3 68 29
FIG.12

: 23 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-02 15.00 GM-SM 45 32 23 0
FIG.13

: 13 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 1.50 CI 26 20 30 24
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 4.50 CI 0 21 61 18
FIG.4

: 14 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 6.00 CI 0 25 58 17
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 7.50 CI 0 29 52 19
FIG.5

: 15 :
T-

100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 10.50 SM 6 60 33 0
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

BH-01 12.00 SM 3 59 37 0
FIG.6

: 10 :
Client: M/s. Kitco Ltd. Soil investigation for the proposed Stadium
PROJECT : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL AT KOTTAYAM
Bore Hole No : BH-01 Boring Started : 14.11.2013

GEO FOUNDATIONS Type of Boring : Rotary Boring Completed : 16.11.2013
& STRUCTURES
Termination Depth : 14.5 M Ground Water Level : 1.00m
PVT. LTD
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF N VALUE

N- VALUE(BLOWS)
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.0
1.0
11
2.0
3.0 <1
4.0
1
5.0
DEPTH(M)
6.0 1
7.0
1
8.0
9.0 2
10.0
23
11.0
59
12.0
13.0
>100
14.0
15.0
BORE HOLE TERMINATED AT 14.50 M

FIG.2
Geo Foundations Structures Pvt. Ltd
: 17 :
Client: M/s. Kitco Ltd. Soil investigation for the proposed Stadium
PROJECT : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL AT KOTTAYAM

GEO FOUNDATIONS Type of Boring : Rotary Boring Completed : 21.11.2013
& STRUCTURES
Termination Depth : 16.3 M Ground Water Level : 0.50m
PVT. LTD
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF N VALUE

N- VALUE(BLOWS)
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.0
1.0
8
2.0
3.0 7
4.0
1
5.0
6.0 <1
DEPTH(M)
7.0
<1
8.0
9.0 1
10.0
1
11.0
12.0 2
13.0
4
14.0
15.0
7
>100
16.0
BORE HOLE TERMINATED AT 16.3 M

FIG.8
Geo Foundations Structures Pvt. Ltd
: 11 :
Client : M/s. Kitco Ltd Soil investigation for the Proposed Stadium
PROJECT : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL
Type of Boring : Rotary Boring Completed : 16.11.2013
GEO FOUNDATIONS &
STRUCTURES PVT. LTD Termination Depth :14.50 m Ground Water Level : 1.00m
LOCATION : KOTTAYAM
Rock Core
SOIL PROFILE
IS SAMPLES BLOWS/15cm
DEPTH (m)
THICKNESS
OF STRATA
characteristics
CLASSIF
SPT " N "

DESCRIPTION OF STRATA REMARKS
TEST DEPTH IN
ICATIO 15cm 15cm 15cm C.R R.Q.D UCS
m
(m)
2
N (%) (%) KG/CM
Sandy clayey silt with

gravel(R/brown) 1.50 1.50-1.95 2 4 7 11
3.00 3.00-3.45 1 0 0 <1
4.50 4.50-4.95 1 0 1 1
9.50 CI
Sandy clayey silt(Dark 6.00 6.00-6.45 1 0 1 1

grey)
7.50 7.50-7.95 1 0 1 1
9.00 9.00-9.45 1 1 1 2
Silty sand with presence of 10.5 10.5-10.95 7 10 13 23

gravel(Yellow)
4.0 SM 12.0 12.0-12.45 4 10 49 59

Silty sand with presence of
gravel(Y/grey) 13.0
14.0 DRILLING DONE USING

1.0 Rock
13.5-14.5 DIAMOND BIT 20 NIL
15.0
Termination Depth : 14.5m

Note : UDS- Undisturbed Sample SPT "N"-Standard Penetration Test "N"
Fig : 3

: 18 :
Client : M/s. Kitco Ltd Soil investigation for the propsoed Stadium
PROJECT : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL
Type of Boring : Rotary Boring Completed : 21.11.2013
GEO FOUNDATIONS &
STRUCTURES PVT. LTD Termination Depth :16.30 m Ground Water Level : 0.50m
LOCATION : KOTTAYAM
Rock Core
SOIL PROFILE
IS SAMPLES BLOWS/15cm
DEPTH (m)
THICKNESS
OF STRATA
characteristics
CLASSIF
SPT " N "

DESCRIPTION OF STRATA REMARKS
TEST DEPTH IN
ICATIO 15cm 15cm 15cm C.R R.Q.D UCS
m
(m)
2
N (%) (%) KG/CM
1.50 1.50-1.95 5 4 4 8
Gravely silty sand(Red-
4.00 GM-SM
Laterite)
3.00 3.00-3.45 5 3 4 7
4.50 4.50-4.95 1 0 1 1
Clayey silt with presence

of gravel(Dark grey) 6.00 6.00-6.45 1 0 0 <1
7.50 7.50-7.95 1 0 0 <1
9.00 9.00-9.45 1 0 1 1
10.0 CH
10.5 10.5-10.95 1 0 1 1
Clayey silt(Dark grey)
12.0 12.0-12.45 1 1 1 2
13.5 13.5-13.95 2 1 3 4
15.0 15.0-15.45 1 1 6 7
1.70 Gravely silty sand(Grey) GM-SM
16.0 DRILLING DONE USING

0.60 Rock
15.7-16.3 DIAMOND BIT 42 25
17.0
Termination Depth : 16.3m

Note : UDS- Undisturbed Sample SPT "N"-Standard Penetration Test "N"
Fig : 9

Report No.: R-323
Client: M/s. KITCO Soil Investigation Work for the Stadium
NAME OF WORK : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL
Ground Water Level :0.50 m Date of Boring Started : 19.11.2013
LOCATION: KOTTAYAM Date of Boring Completed : 2111.2013 Table No.2
Termination Depth ; 16.30 m
IS 2720(Part6): 1972
IS
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS(%) ATTERBERG'S LIMIT(%) UNIT WEIGHT SHEAR PARAMETERS-
2720 (Part2):1973
IS
IS 2720(Part5):1985 IS 2720(Part-5): 1985 (gm/cc) IS 2720(Part-13):1986
(Part40):1977
3/sec1):1980
SOIL DESCRIPTION
2720(Part-
I.S. GRA -
NMC(%)
IS 2720
FSI (%)
SL (%)
CLASSIFI VEL SAND SILT CLAY C
SPG
N DEPTH (M) SAMPLE CATION (%) (%) (%) (%) LL PL PI WET DRY METHOD kg/cm
2
()
BOREHOLE BH/02
8 1.50 SPT-1 Gravely silty sand(Red-lateritic) GM-SM 52 25 23 0 26 No Limit 2.57 1.88 1.49 DST 0 31
7 3.00 SPT-2 Gravely silty sand(Red-lateritic) GM-SM
Clayey silt with presence of

1 4.50 SPT-3 gravel(Dark grey) CH 13 2 57 27 92 120 38 82
Clayey silt with presence of
: 19 :
<1 6.00 SPT-4 gravel(Dark grey) CH 5 1 66 27 105
<1 7.50 SPT-5 Clayey silt(Dark grey) CH 0 1 73 26 86 100 39 61
1 9.00 SPT-6 Clayey silt(Dark grey) CH 1 2 55 41 106 117 34 83
1 10.5 SPT-7 Clayey silt(Dark grey) CH
2 12.0 SPT-8 Clayey silt(Dark grey) CH 0 3 68 29 69
4 13.5 SPT-9 Clayey sit(Dark grey) CH
7 15.0 SPT-10 Gravely silty sand(Grey) GM-SM 45 32 23 0 27 No Limit 2.55 1.81 1.43 DST 0 29
15.7 to
16.3 Rock
Quality Manager Geo Foundations and Structures Pvt Ltd Technical Manager
Report No.: R-323
Client: M/s. KITCO Ltd Soil Investigation Work for the Proposed Stadium
NAME OF WORK : SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE SPORTS HALL
Ground Water Level : 1.0 m Date of Boring Started : 14.11.2013
LOCATION: KOTTAYAM Date of Boring Completed : 16.11.2013 Table No.1
Termination Depth ; 14.50 m
IS 2720(Part6): 1972
IS
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS(%) ATTERBERG'S LIMIT(%) UNIT WEIGHT SHEAR PARAMETERS-
2720 (Part2):1973
IS
IS 2720(Part5):1985 IS 2720(Part-5): 1985 (gm/cc) IS 2720(Part-13):1986
(Part40):1977
3/sec1):1980
SOIL DESCRIPTION
2720(Part-
I.S. GRA -
NMC(%)

IS 2720
FSI (%)
SL (%)
CLASSIFI VEL SAND SILT CLAY C
SPG
2
N DEPTH (M) SAMPLE CATION (%) (%) (%) (%) LL PL PI WET DRY METHOD kg/cm ()
BOREHOLE BH/01
Sandy clayey silt with gravel (R/brown-
11 1.50 SPT-1 Lateritic) CI 26 20 30 24 21 44 22 22 2.45 1.73 1.43 UCS 0.38 -
Sandy clayey silt with gravel (R/brown-
<1 3.00 SPT-2 Lateritic) CI
1 4.50 SPT-3 Sandy clayey silt(Dark grey) CI 0 21 61 18 79
: 12 :
1 6.00 SPT-4 Sandy clayey silt(Dark grey) CI 0 25 58 17
1 7.50 SPT-5 Sandy clayey silt(Dark grey) CI 0 29 52 19 48 45 22 23
2 9.00 SPT-6 Sandy clayey silt(Dark grey) CI

Silty sand with presence of gravel
23 10.5 SPT-7 (Yellow) SM 6 60 33 0 12 No Limit 2.59 1.82 1.63 DST 0 31
Silty sand with presence of gravel
59 12.0 SPT-8 (Y/grey) SM 3 59 37 0 23 No Limit
13.50 to
14.5 Rock
Geo Foundations and Structures Pvt Ltd

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SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR

THE PROPOSED MULTI PURPOSE

Kadavanthra, Kochi 682020 through M/s. KITCO Ltd.

2.0 OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

of suitable foundation system for the proposed structure.

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work at this site comprised of the following:

clay etc. to a maximum depth of 16.3meters.

samples including packing and transportation to laboratory.

3.4 To conduct the following laboratory tests on soil samples:

(a) Particle size analysis:

(i) Sieve analysis

(ii) Hydrometer analysis

(b) Index properties:

Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd

(i) Liquid limit

(ii) Plastic limit

(c) Dry & wet density

(d) Water content

(e) Specific gravity

(f) Direct shear test

(g) Unconfined Compression test

suggestion for suitable type of foundation.

4.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS

or presence of settled, suspended matters at the bottom of the bore- holes.

Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd

considered as SPT N values and the graphical representation of N value is

shown in graphical representation of N value.

5.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

The following laboratory tests were conducted on the selected samples

recovered from the test bore-holes:

(a) Particle size analysis:

(i) Sieve analysis

(ii) Hydrometer analysis

(b) Index properties:

(i) Liquid limit

(ii) Plastic limit

(c) Dry & wet density

(d) Water content

(e) Specific gravity

(f) Direct shear test

(g) Unconfined Compression Test

(h) Tri axial shear test

6.0 SOIL PROFILE

borehole is as given in fig.1.

Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd

7.0 DISCUSSION AND TYPE OF FOUNDATION

system for the proposed structure.

as per IS 2911(Part -3).

Table No: 7.1

Dia of Pile (cm) Safe capacity (T)

Geo Foundations & Structures Pvt. Ltd

clauses of IS 2911 Part1/sec 2 as given below in Table No.7.1

Table No: 7.1

Dia Safe Capacity

8.0 METHOD OF COMPUTING OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

(A) SINGLE UNDER REAMED COMPACTION PILES

Safe capacity of single under-reamed RCC compaction piles can be

computed by using the equation

For Cohesive soils

Qu = Ap.Nc.Cp + Aa NC.Ca' + Ca'As' + Ca.As.

Qu(kg) = ultimate bearing capacity of pile

Ap(cm) = cross sectional area of pile stem at toe