Ch14 SM

0030414539.
CH14_EQL 6/17/05 19:26 Page S-1

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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Solutions Manual
Chemical Equilibrium
Practice Problems A
1. Given: [N2O4] = 4.0 102 2NO2( g) T N2O4( g)

[NO2] = 1.4 101
[N O4]
Unknown: Keq Keq = 2
[NO2]2
=(4.0 102)

(1.4 101)2
= 2.0
2. Given: [SO2] = 3.61 103 2SO2( g) + O2( g) T 2SO3( g)

[O2] = 6.11 104
[SO3] = 1.01 102 Keq =
[SO3]2
Unknown: Keq [SO2]2[O2]
(1.01 102)2
=
(3.61 103)2(6.11 104)
= 1.28 104
Homework, TE p. 504
[CO][Cl2]
a. Given: [CO] = [Cl2] Keq =
[COCl2]
= 0.0178
[COCl2] = 0.00740 (0.0178)(0.0178)
=
COCl2(g) T (0.00740)
CO(g) + Cl2(g)
= 0.043
Unknown: Keq
[Br]2
b. Given: [Br2] = 0.99 Keq =
[Br2]
[Br] = 0.020
Br2(g) T 2Br(g) (0.020)2
=
Unknown: Keq (0.99)
= 4.0 104
Practice Problems B
1. Given: [N2] = 1.8 103 Keq = [NO]2

[O2] = 4.2 104 [O2][N2]
Keq = 1.65 103 [NO] =
K eq[O2][N2]
N2( g) + O2( g) T
2NO( g) = 103
(1.65 104)
)(4.2 103)
(1.8
Unknown: [NO]
= 3.5 105
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Title S-1 ChemicalChapter
Equilibrium
Title
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Solutions Manual continued
[SO3]2
2. Given: [SO3] = 0.260 Keq =
[O2] = 0.045 [SO2]2[O2]
Keq = 4.32

2
[SO ]
2SO2( g) + O2( g) T [SO2] = 3
2SO3( g) K [O ]eq 2
=
Unknown: [SO2] (0.260) 2

(4.32)(0.045)
= 0.59
Homework, TE p. 506
[H3O+][HCO3]
a. Given: Keq = 4.3 107 Keq =
[H2CO3] = 0.027 [H2CO3]
H2CO3(aq) + [H3O+] = [HCO3] = X
H2O(l) T H3O+(aq) X =
Keq[H
2CO3]
+ HCO3(aq)
Unknown: [H3O+] = 107)(0.027
(4.3 )
[HCO3]
= 1.1 104
[CH3OH]
b. Given: Keq = 290 Keq =
[CH3OH] = 0.25 [CO][H2]2
[CO] = 0.0098
CO(g) + 2H2(g) T
CH3OH(g)
[H2] =

[CH OH]

K [CO]
eq
3
Unknown: [H2]

(290)(
0.009
0.25
=
8)
= 0.30
Practice Problems C
1. Given: [Cu+] = 7.9 105 CuBr(s) T Cu+(aq) + Br(aq)
Unknown: Ksp [Cu+] = [Br] = 7.9 105
Ksp = [Cu+][Br]
= (7.9 105)2
= 6.2 109
2. Given: [Ca2+] = 3.42 107 Ca3(PO4)2(s) T 3Ca2+(aq) + 2PO3

4 (aq)
4 ] =
[PO3
2.28 107 Ksp = [Ca2+]3[PO3
4 ]
2
Unknown: Ksp = (3.42 107)3(2.28 107)2
= 2.08 1033
3. Given: solubility of AgCl(s) T Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)

AgCl =
1.34 105 M [Ag+] = [Cl] = 1.34 105
Unknown: Ksp Ksp = [Ag+][Cl]
= (1.34 105)(1.34 105)
= 1.80 1010

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Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
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Homework, TE p. 509
a. Given: [Hg2+] = HgI2(s) T Hg2+(aq) + 2I(aq)

1.9 1010 M
Ksp = [Hg2+][I]2
Unknown: Ksp
[I] = 2[Hg2+] = 3.8 1010 M
Ksp = (1.9 1010)(3.8 1010)2

= 2.7 1029
b. Given: [OH] = Fe(OH)2(s) T Fe2+(aq) + 2OH(aq)

4.6 106 M
Ksp = [Fe2+][OH]2
Unknown: Ksp
[Fe2+] = 12[OH] = 2.3 106 M
Ksp = (2.3 106)(4.6 106)2
= 4.9 1017
c. Given Ksp = 6.4 103 CdF2(s) T Cd2+(aq) + 2F(aq)

Unknown: [Cd2+], [F] [F] = 2[Cd2+]
Ksp = [Cd2+][F]2
[Cd2+] = x
Ksp = (x)(2x)2 = 4x3

3 Ksp
x=
4

3
=
36.4 10

4
= 0.12
[Cd2+] = 0.12, [F] = 0.24
Practice Problems D
3 ] =
1. Given: [CO2 Ag2CO3(s) T 2Ag+(aq) + CO2
3 (aq)
1.28 104
Ksp = 8.4 1012 Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO2
3 ]
Unknown: [Ag+]

Ksp
[Ag+] = 2
[CO ]
3
12
(8.4 10 )
=

4
(1.28 10 )
= 2.6 104

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Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
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4 ] = 1.0
2. Given: [SO2 4 (aq) + Pb (aq)
PbSO4(s) T SO2 2+
Ksp = 1.8 108

Ksp = [SO2 2+
4 ][Pb ]
Unknown: solubility of
PbSO4 Ksp
[Pb2+] =
[SO24]
(1.8 108)
=
(1.0)
= 1.8 108
3. Given: [Cl] = 2.86 102 PbCl2(s) T Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)

Ksp = 1.17 105
Unknown: [Pb2+] Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl]2
Ksp
[Pb2+] =
[Cl]2
=(1.17 105)

(2.86 102)2
= 1.43 102
4. Given: Ksp = 1.72 107 M CuCl(s) T Cu+(aq) + Cl(aq)

Unknown: [Cu+] Ksp = [Cu+][Cl]
[Cu+] = [Cl] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 1.72 107
x = 4.15 104 = [Cu+]
Homework, TE p. 510
a. Given: Ksp = 1.1 1010 [Ba2+] after [SO2

4 ] is increased to 0.010 M
4 ] = 0.010 M
[SO2
factor by which [Ba2+] is reduced
Unknown: [Ba2+] in a
saturated BaSO4(s) T Ba2+(aq) + SO2
4 (aq)
solution
Ksp = [Ba2+][SO2
4 ]
[Ba2+] = [SO2
4 ]=x
x2 = 1.1 1010
x = 1.0 105
in a saturated solution, [Ba2+] = 1.0 105 M
4 ] = 0.010 M
[SO2
Ksp = [Ba2+][0.010]
Ksp 1.1 1010
[Ba2+] = =
0.010 0.010
8
= 1.1 10 M
1.0 108
[Ba2+] is decreased by a factor of = 0.001
1.0 105

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Equilibrium
Title
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b. Given: [Ag+] = AgCl(s) T Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)

2.0 106 M
Ksp = 1.8 1010 (from table)
Unknown: [Cl] needed
to reduce Ksp = [Ag+][Cl]
concentration Ksp
[Cl] =
[Ag+]
1.8 1010
=
2.0 106
= 9.0 105 M
c. Given: Ksp = 6.8 106 MgCO3(s) T Mg2+(aq) + CO2

3 (aq)
3 ]=
[CO2
4.0 102 M Ksp = [Mg2+][CO23 ]
Ksp
Unknown: [Mg2+] [Mg2+] =
[CO2
3 ]
6.8 106
=
4.0 102
= 1.7 104 M
Section 2 Review
5. Given: [H2] = [I2] H2( g) + I2( g) T 2HI( g)

= 4.79 104
Keq = 54.3 Keq = [HI]2

Unknown: [HI] [H2][I2]
[HI] =
K eq[H
2]
[I2]
= (54.3)
(4.79 104)(4.79
104)
= 3.53 103
6. Given: Ksp = 1.3 1036 CuS(s) T Cu2+(aq) + S2(aq)

Unknown: [Cu2+] Ksp = [Cu2+][S2]
[Cu2+] = [S2] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 1.3 1036
x = 1.1 1018 = [Cu2+]
7. Given: volume = 2.0 L C(s) + CO2( g) T 2CO( g)

C = 0.40 mol
CO2 = 0.20 mol [CO]2
Keq =
CO = 0.10 mol [CO2]
Unknown: Keq (0.10 mol/2.0 L)2
=
balanced
(0.20 mol/2.0 L)
chemical
equation = 2.5 102

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Equilibrium
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Chapter Review
[H3O+][CH3COO]
26. Given: [H3O+] = Keq =
[CH3COO] [CH3COOH]
= 7.22 103 (7.22 103)2
=
[CH3COOH] = 3.00 (3.00)
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) T
H3O+(aq) + CH3COO(aq) = 1.74 105
Unknown: Keq
[H2O][CO]
28. Given: volume = 2.0 L Keq =
H2 = 0.4693 mol [H2][CO2]
CO2 = 0.0715 mol (0.2296)(0.2296)
=
H2O = 0.2296 mol (0.4693)(0.0715)
CO = 0.2296 mol
H2( g) + CO2( g) T = 1.57
H2O( g) + CO( g)
Unknown: Keq
[C]
29. Given: (a) A + B T C (a) Keq =
[A][B]
[A] = 2.0; [B] = 3.0;
[C] = 4.0 =
4.0
(2.0)(3.0)
(b) D + 2E T F + 3G
[D] = 1.5; [E] = 2.0; = 0.67
[F] = 1.8; [G] = 1.2
[F][G]3
(b) Keq = 2
(c) N2( g) + 3H2( g) [D][E]
T 2NH3( g)
(1.8)(1.2)3
[N2] = 0.45; =
[H2] = 0.14; (1.5)(2.0)2
[NH3] = 0.62 = 0.52
Unknown: Keq [NH3]2
(c) Keq =
[N2][H2]3
0.622
=
(0.45)(0.14)3
= 310
[CO23]
31. Given: Keq = 4.7 103 Keq =
[OH] = [HCO3] [HCO3][OH]
= 3.2 103
3 ] = K[HCO3][OH ]
[CO2
HCO3(aq) + OH(aq) T
3 (aq) + H2O(l)
CO2 = (4.7 103)(3.2 103)(3.2 103)
Unknown: [CO2
3 ]
= 4.8 102
[N O4]
32. Given: [N2O4] = 0.0187 Keq = 2
Keq = 165 [NO2]2
2NO2( g) T N2O4( g)

K
[N2O4]
[NO2] =
Unknown: [NO2]
=

(165
(0.0187)

)
= 1.06 102

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Equilibrium
Title
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[CH3OH]
33. Given: CO( g) + 2H2( g) T Keq =
CH3OH( g) [CO][H2]2
[H2] = 0.080 M; [CH3OH] = Keq[CO][H2]2
[CO] = 0.025 M
Keq = 290 = (290)(0.025)(0.080)2
Unknown: [CH3OH]
= 0.046 M
[NH3]2
34. Given: N2( g) + 3H2( g) T Keq = 3
2NH3( g) [N2][H2]
[H2] = 2.75 103 [NH3]2
[N2] =
[NH3] = 1.23 104 Keq[H2]3
Keq = 6.59 103
(1.23 104)2
Unknown: [N2] =
(6.59 103 )(2.75 103 )3
= 110 M
35. Given: solubility of CoS(s) T Co2+(aq) + S2(aq)

CoS = 1.7 1013 M
Ksp = [Co2+][S2]
Unknown: Ksp
[Co2+] = [S2] = 1.7 1013
Ksp = (1.7 1013)(1.7 1013)
= 2.9 1026
36. Given: solubility of Cu2S(s) T 2Cu+(aq) + S2(aq)

Cu2S = 8.5 1017 M
Ksp = [Cu+]2[S2]
Unknown: Ksp
[S2] = 8.5 1017
[Cu+] = 2(8.5 1017)
Ksp = [2(8.5 1017)]2(8.5 1017)
= 2.5 1048
37. Given: solubility of T3U2(s) S 3T2+(aq) + 2U3(aq)

T3U2 = 3.77 1020 M
Ksp = [T2+]3[U3]2
Unknown: Ksp
[T2+] = 3(3.77 1020) = 1.13 1019
[U3] = 2(3.77 1020) = 7.54 1020
Ksp = (1.13 1019)3(7.54 1020)2
= 8.2 1096
38. Given: solubility of EJ(s) S E2+(aq) + J2(aq)

EJ = 8.45 106 M
Ksp = [E2+][J2]
Unknown: Ksp
[E2+] = [J2] = 8.45 106
Ksp = (8.45 106)(8.45 106)
= 7.1 1011

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Equilibrium
Title
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39. Given: a. PbS(s) T Pb2+(aq) + S2(aq)

(a) Ksp PbS = 3.0 1028
(b) Ksp PbCrO4 = Ksp = [Pb2+][S2]
1.8 1014 [Pb2+] = [S2] = x
(c) Ksp PbCO3 =
7.4 1014 Ksp = x2
(d) Ksp PbSO4 = 2.5 108
x2 = 3.0 1028
Unknown: [Pb2+]
x = 1.7 1014 = [Pb2+]
b. PbCrO4(s) T Pb2+(aq) + CrO2

4 (aq)
Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO2
4 ]
[Pb2+] = [CrO2
4 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 1.8 1014
x = 1.3 107 = [Pb2+]
c. PbCO3(s) T Pb2+(aq) + CO2

3 (aq)
Ksp = [Pb2+][CO2
3 ]
[Pb2+] = [CO2
3 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 7.4 1014
x = 2.7 107 = [Pb2+]
d. PbSO4(s) T Pb2+(aq) + SO2

4 (aq)
Ksp = [Pb2+][SO2
4 ]
[Pb2+] = [SO2
4 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 2.5 108
x = 1.6 104 = [Pb2+]
41. Given: [Ca2+] = 0.10 CaF2(s) T Ca2+(aq) + 2F(aq)

Ksp = 1.6 1010
Ksp = [Ca2+][F]2
Unknown: [F]

Ksp
[F] = 2+
[Ca ]
10
(1.6 10 )
=

(0.10)
= 4.0 105

Holt Program
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Equilibrium
Title
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42. Given: Ksp = 5.4 1013 AgBr(s) T Ag+(aq) + Br(aq)

Unknown: [Ag+] Ksp = [Ag+][Br]
[Br+]
[Ag+] = [Br] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 5.4 1013
x = 7.3 107 = [Ag+] = [Br+]
[Fe2+]
46. Given: Keq = 4.9 1011 Keq =
[H3O+] [H3 O+]2
= 1.0 107 [Fe2+] = K[H3O+]2
Fe(OH)2(s) + 2H3O+(aq) T
Fe2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) = (4.9 1011)(1.0 107)2
Unknown: [Fe2+]
= 4.9 103
49. Given: Ksp of NaIO4(aq) + KCl(aq) T KIO4(s) + NaCl(aq)

KIO4 = 3.7 104
KCl = 2.00 g KIO4(s) T K+(aq) + IO4(aq)
NaIO4 = 2.00 g Ksp = [K+][IO4] = 3.7 104
volume = 1.00 L
1.00 L 74.55 g KCl

Unknown: whether a pre- 2.00 g KCl 1 mol KCl 2
cipitate forms = 2.68 10 M KCl
= 9.35 10 M NaIO

2.00 g NaIO
1.00 L
41 mol NaIO
213.89 g NaIO
4
4
3
4
[K+][IO4] = (2.68 102)(9.35 103)
= 2.51 104 < Ksp; KIO4 does not precipitate.
Standardized Test Prep
9. Given: Ksp = 6.8 106 MgCO3(s) T Mg2+(aq) + CO2

3 (aq)
Unknown: [MgCO3] [MgCO3] = [Mg2+] = [CO2

3 ]=x
6
Ksp = [Mg2+][CO2
3 ] = x = 6.8 10
2
x = 2.6 103 = [Mg2+]
11. Given: Ksp = 1.6 1019 FeS(s) T Fe2+(aq) + S2(aq)

[Fe2+] = 0.010 M
Ksp = [Fe2+][S2]
Unknown: [S2]
Ksp
[S2] =
[Fe2]
1.6 1019
=
0.010
= 1.6 1017 M

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
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12. Given: [Na2CO3] = After mixing, the concentrations of the ions in solution will be
1 1010 M diluted to one-half of their concentrations in the original solu-
[MgCl2] = tions.
1 1010 M
[ZnCl2] = Na2CO3(s) T 2Na+(aq) + CO2
3 (aq)
1 1010 M
Ksp of 1 1010 M 10
MgCO3 = 6.8 106 3 ] = = 0.5 10
[Na2CO3] = [CO2 M
2
ZnCO3 = 1.2 1010
Unknown: if a precipitate MgCl2(s) T Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)
will form
1 1010 M
[MgCl2] = [Mg2+] = = 0.5 1010 M
2
ZnCl2(s) T Zn2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)
1 1010 M
[ZnCl2] = [Zn2+] = = 0.5 1010 M
2
MgCO3 or ZnCO3 may precipitate.
MgCO3 (s) T Mg2+(aq) + CO2

3 (aq)
K = [Mg2+][CO2
3 ]
= (0.5 1010)(0.5 1010)
= 2.5 1021
ZnCO3(s) T Zn2+ (aq) + CO2

3 (aq)
K = [Zn2+][CO2
3 ]
= (0.5 1010)(0.5 1010)
= 2.5 1021
The values of K for both MgCO3 and ZnCO3 are less than the Ksp
values, so no precipitate will form.
Problem Bank
1. Given: [N2] = 0.602 mol/L

2NH3( g)
N2( g) + 3H2( g)

[H2] = 0.420 mol/L
[NH3] = 0.113 mol/L [NH3]2
Keq =
Unknown: Keq [N2][H2]3
(0.113 mol/L)2
=
(0.602 mol/L)(0.420 mol/L)3
= 0.286
2. Given: AB2C = 0.0840 mol

B2( g) + AC( g)
AB2C( g)

B2 = 0.0350 mol
AC = 0.0590 mol [B2][AC]
Keq =
volume = 5.00 L [AB2C]
Unknown: Keq (0.0350 mol/5 L)(0.0590 mol/5 L)
=
(0.0840 mol/5 L)
= 0.00492

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Equilibrium
Title
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3. Given: volume = 1.0 L

CO( g) + H2O( g)
CO2( g) + H2( g)

[H2 ] = 20.00 mol/L
[CO2 ] = [CO][H2O]
Keq =
18.00 mol/L [CO2][H2]
[H2O] = (5.900 mol/L)(12.00 mol/L)
12.00 mol/L =
(18.00 mol/L)(20.00 mol/L)
[CO] = 5.900 mol/L
Unknown: Keq = 0.1967
4. Given: [SO2 ] = 1.50 mol/L

2SO3( g)
2SO2( g) + O2( g)

[O2 ] = 1.25 mol/L
[SO3] = 3.50 mol/L [SO3]2
Keq =
Unknown: Keq [SO2 ]2[O2 ]
(3.50 mol/L)2
=
(1.50 mol/L)2(1.25 mol/L)
= 4.36
5. Given: [HCl] =
2HCl( g)
H2( g) + Cl2( g)

0.0625 mol/L
[H2 ] = Keq =
[HCl]2
0.00450 mol/L [H2 ][Cl2 ]
[Cl2 ] = (0.0625 mol/L)2
0.00450 mol/L =
(0.00450 mol/L)(0.00450 mol/L)
Unknown: Keq
= 193
6. Given: [H2] =
2HI( g)
H2( g) + I2( g)

0.00183 mol/L
[I2] = [HI]2
Keq =
0.00313 mol/L [H2 ][I2 ]
[HI] =
(0.0177 mol/L)2
0.0177 mol/L =
(0.00183 mol/L)(0.00313 mol/L)
Unknown: Keq
= 54.7
7. Given: [H2 ] =
2HI( g)
H2( g) + I2( g)

0.000479 mol/L
[I2 ] = [HI]2
Keq =
0.000479 mol/L [H2 ][I2 ]
Keq = 54.3
Unknown: [HI]
[HI] =
[H2 ][I
2 ]Keq
= (0.000
479 m
ol/L)2(54.3)
= 0.00353 mol/L
8. Given: [PCl3] =
PCl3( g) + Cl2( g)
PCl5( g)

0.00640 mol/L
[Cl2] = [PCl ][Cl2 ]
Keq = 3
0.0250 mol/L [PCl5]
[PCl5] = (0.00640 mol/L)(0.0250 mol/L)
0.00400 mol/L =
(0.00400 mol/L)
Unknown: Keq
= 0.0400

Holt Program
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Equilibrium
Title
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9. Given: volume = 2 L
2HBr( g)
H2( g) + Br2( g)

[H2 ] = 0.360 mol/L
[Br2 ] = 0.110 mol/L [HBr]2
Keq =
[HBr] = 37.0 mol/L [H2][Br2]
Unknown: Keq

2
37.0 mol/L
= 2L
2 2
0.360 mol/L 0.110 mol/L
L L
= 34600
10. Given: solubility of

PbCl2 =
solubility =
1.00 g PbCl2 1 g H2O

100.0 g H2O 1.00 mL
1.00 g/100.0 g
1000 mL 1.00 mol PbCl 2
H2O L 278 g PbCl 2
Unknown: Ksp
= 0.0360 mol/L PbCl2

Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl (aq)
PbCl2(s)

[Pb2+ ] = 0.0360
[Cl ] = 2 (0.0360)
= 0.0720
Ksp = [Pb2+ ][Cl ]2
= (0.0360)(0.0720)2
= 0.000187

Ag2SO4 =
solubility =
5.00 g Ag2SO4
L

5.00 g/1.00 L H2O mol Ag2SO4

Unknown: Ksp 311.80 g Ag2SO4
= 0.0160 mol Ag2SO4/L

2Ag+(aq) + SO42(aq)
Ag2SO4(s)

[Ag+ ] = 2 (0.0160)
= 0.0320
[SO42 ] = 0.0160
Ksp = [Ag+ ]2[SO42 ]
= (0.0320)2(0.0160)
= 1.65 105

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
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5.2 1012 g SnS

12. Given: solubility of SnS =
5.2 1012 g/100 g H2O

solubility =
100 g H2O

Unknown: Ksp 1.0 g H2O 1000 ml

1 mL L

150.78 g SnS
1.00 mol SnS

= 3.45 1013 mol SnS/L

Sn2+(aq) + S2(aq)
SnS(s)

[Sn2+] = 3.45 1013
[S2] = 3.45 1013
Ksp = [Sn2+][S2]
= (3.45 1013)
(3.45 1013)
= 1.2 1025
5.3 105 g CaCO3

CaCO3 =

solubility =
L
5.3 105 g/L H2O

mol CaCO3

Unknown: Ksp 100.09 g CaCO3
= 5.3 107mol/L CaCO3

Ca2+(aq) + CO32(aq)
CaCO3(s)

[Ca2+ ] = 5.3 107
[CO32 ] = 5.3 107
Ksp = [Ca2+ ][CO32 ]
= (5.3 107)(5.3 107)
= 2.8 1013
14. Given: Ksp of CdS =

Cd2+(aq) + S2(aq)
CdS(s)

8.0 1027
Ksp = [Cd2+ ][S2 ]
CdS in mol/L [Cd2+ ] = [S2 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 8.0 1027
x = 8.9 1014 mol/L
= solubility of CdS

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
0030414539.CH14_EQL 6/17/05 19:26 Page S-14
PDF
15. Given: Ksp of SrSO4 =

Sr2+(aq) + SO42(aq)
SrSO4(s)

3.2 107
Ksp = [Sr2+ ][SO42 ]
Unknown: [Sr2+]
[Sr2+ ] = [SO42 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 3.2 107
x = 107
3.2
= 5.7 104 mol/L
= [Sr2+ ]
16. Given: Ksp of MnS =

Mn2+(aq) + S2(aq)
MnS(s)

2.5 1013
Ksp = [Mn2+ ][S2 ]
MnS in mol/L [Mn2+ ] = [S2 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 2.5 1013
x = 5.0 107 mol/L
= solubility of MnS
17. Given: Ksp of ZnS =

Zn2+(aq) + S2(aq)
ZnS(s)

1.6 1024
Ksp = [Zn2+ ][S2 ]
Unknown: [Zn2+]
[Zn2+ ] = [S2 ] = x
Ksp = x2
x2 = 1.6 1024
x = 1.3 1012 mol/L
= [Zn2+ ]
5.40 g Ag2SO4
Ag2SO4 =
solubility = L

5.40 g/L H2O mol Ag2SO4

Unknown: Ksp 311.80 g Ag2SO4
= 0.0173 mol/L Ag2SO4

2Ag+(aq) + SO42 (aq)
Ag2SO4(s)

[Ag+ ] = 2(0.0173)
= 0.0346
[SO42 ] = 0.0173
Ksp = [Ag+ ]2[SO42 ]
= (0.0346)2(0.0173)
= 2.1 105

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title
0030414539.CH14_EQL 6/17/05 19:26 Page S-15
PDF
19. Given: HgS(s) forms a

Hg2+(aq) + S2(aq)
HgS(s)

saturated solution
Ksp = [Hg2+ ][S2 ]
Ksp = 1.6 1052
Unknown: Hg2+ [Hg2+ ] = [S2 ] = x
Ksp = x2
= 1.6 1052
x = 1.3 1026 mol/L
= [Hg2+ ]
20. Given: Keq = 1.7 1013

1
2NO( g)
N2O( g) + 2 O2( g)

[N2O] =
0.0035 mol/L [NO]2
Keq = 1
[O2] = [N2O][O2]2
0.0027 mol/L
1

Unknown: [NO] [NO]2 = Keq[N2O][O2]2
K[N ]
1

[NO] = O][O
eq 2 2
2
= 1013)(0.00
(1.7
35 mol/L)
(0.002

1

7 mol/L) 2
= 5.6 109 mol/L
21. Given: Ksp of fluorapatite

5Ca2+ + 3PO43 + F (aq)
Ca5(PO4)3F

(Ca5(PO4)3F) =
1 1060 Ksp = [Ca2+ ]5[PO43 ]3[F ]
Unknown: solubility of Let [F ] = x
fluorapatite
in H2O Therefore [Ca2+ ] = 5x and [PO43 ] = 3x
Ksp = [5x]5[3x]3[x]
Ksp = [3125x5][27x3][x]
= 84375x9
1 1060 = 84375x9
x = 6.1 108 mol/L

Holt Program
Solutions Manual
Equilibrium
Title

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0030414539.

CH14_EQL 6/17/05 19:26 Page S-1

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

1. Given: [N2O4] = 4.0 102 2NO2( g) T N2O4( g)

2. Given: [SO2] = 3.61 103 2SO2( g) + O2( g) T 2SO3( g)

1. Given: [N2] = 1.8 103 Keq = [NO]2

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

2. Given: [Ca2+] = 3.42 107 Ca3(PO4)2(s) T 3Ca2+(aq) + 2PO3

Unknown: Ksp = (3.42 107)3(2.28 107)2

3. Given: solubility of AgCl(s) T Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)

= (1.34 105)(1.34 105)

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

a. Given: [Hg2+] = HgI2(s) T Hg2+(aq) + 2I(aq)

Ksp = (1.9 1010)(3.8 1010)2

b. Given: [OH] = Fe(OH)2(s) T Fe2+(aq) + 2OH(aq)

Ksp = (2.3 106)(4.6 106)2

c. Given Ksp = 6.4 103 CdF2(s) T Cd2+(aq) + 2F(aq)

Ksp = (x)(2x)2 = 4x3

[Cd2+] = 0.12, [F] = 0.24

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

Ksp = 1.8 108

3. Given: [Cl] = 2.86 102 PbCl2(s) T Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)

4. Given: Ksp = 1.72 107 M CuCl(s) T Cu+(aq) + Cl(aq)

x = 4.15 104 = [Cu+]

a. Given: Ksp = 1.1 1010 [Ba2+] after [SO2

in a saturated solution, [Ba2+] = 1.0 105 M

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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

b. Given: [Ag+] = AgCl(s) T Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq)

c. Given: Ksp = 6.8 106 MgCO3(s) T Mg2+(aq) + CO2

5. Given: [H2] = [I2] H2( g) + I2( g) T 2HI( g)

6. Given: Ksp = 1.3 1036 CuS(s) T Cu2+(aq) + S2(aq)

x = 1.1 1018 = [Cu2+]

7. Given: volume = 2.0 L C(s) + CO2( g) T 2CO( g)

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

35. Given: solubility of CoS(s) T Co2+(aq) + S2(aq)

Ksp = (1.7 1013)(1.7 1013)

36. Given: solubility of Cu2S(s) T 2Cu+(aq) + S2(aq)

[Cu+] = 2(8.5 1017)

Ksp = [2(8.5 1017)]2(8.5 1017)

37. Given: solubility of T3U2(s) S 3T2+(aq) + 2U3(aq)

[U3] = 2(3.77 1020) = 7.54 1020

Ksp = (1.13 1019)3(7.54 1020)2

38. Given: solubility of EJ(s) S E2+(aq) + J2(aq)

Ksp = (8.45 106)(8.45 106)

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

39. Given: a. PbS(s) T Pb2+(aq) + S2(aq)

b. PbCrO4(s) T Pb2+(aq) + CrO2

x = 1.3 107 = [Pb2+]

1.00 L 74.55 g KCl

= 9.35 10 M NaIO