Assignment 4 MA 5102

Autumn 2017, IIT Bombay

(1) Let X and Y be topological spaces and pX and pY be projections from
X Y X and X Y Y respectively. Show that 1 (X Y, (x, y))
=
1 (X, x) 1 (Y, y).

(2) Let f : S1 S1 be the map f (z) = z k . Compute f : 1 (S1 , (1, 0))

1 (S1 , (1, 0)).

(3) Prove that the set of points z D2 for which D2 {z} is simply connected
is precisely S2 . Hence prove that if f : D2 D2 is a homeomorphism then
f (S1 ) = S1 .

(4) Find the fundamental groups of the following spaces.

(a) C {0}.
(b) C /G where G is the group of homeomorphisms {n : n Z} where
(z) = 2z.
(c) C /H where H is the group of homeomorphisms {n : n Z} where
(z) = 2z.

(5) State true or false with proof.

(a) Torus is homeomorphic to S2 .
(b) There is no space Y such that S1 Y is homeomorphic to RP2 .
(c) There is no retract of D2 S1 .

(6) Let Y1 X1 and q : Y2 X2 be covering map.

(a) Prove that p q : Y1 Y2 X1 X2 is a covering map.
(b) Prove that if X1 = X2 then
W = {(x, x0 ) Y1 Y1 | p(x) = q(x0 )}
is a covering space over X1 via f (x, x0 ) = p(x) .
(c) Identify the covering space W if Y1 = R and X1 = S1 .

(7) Let S3 = {(z0 , z1 ) C2 | kz02 k + kz1 k2 = 1} be considered as a subspace

of C3 . Let q be prime to p and define h : S3 S3 by
h(z0 , z1 ) = (exp(2i/p)z0 , exp(2iq/p)z1 ).
Show that h is a homeomorphism of S3 withhp = 1.
Define Zp action on S3 by
n.(z0 , z1 ) = hn (z0 , z1 ), n Zp .
Show that this action is free and hence S3 S3 /Zp is a covering map.
The base space is a called the lens space L(p, q).

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Extra exercises * Not for the quiz

(8) Let G be a topological group. Show that the group operation of G defines
a group operation on 1 (G, e). Show that
? ? .
Conclude that 1 (G, e) is abelian.

(9) Let a : C C and b : C C be homeomorphisms of the complex plane

defiend by az = z + i and bz = z + 12 + i. Show that ba = a1 b and deduce
that G = {am b2n b | |m, n Z,  = 0, 1} is a group of homeomorphisms C.
Furthermore, prove that the action of G is properly discontinuous.

(10) (continuation of previous exercise) Find a half-open rectangle containing

exactly one point from each orbit of G and hence show that C/G is a
Klein bottle.

(11) A covering transformation h of the covering space p : Y X is a home-

omorphism h : Y Y such that ph = p. Prove that the set of covering
transformations forms a group.