Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER I
COMPOSITE INDEX
ASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIES
This index covers the current Handbook series published by The page reference for an index entry includes the book letter
ASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows: and the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal point
and the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page num-
A = 2007 HVAC Applications
ber S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2008 HVAC
S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment Systems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.
F = 2009 Fundamentals Each Handbook volume is revised and updated on a four-year
R = 2010 Refrigeration cycle. Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE members
change, some topics are not included in the current Handbook
Alphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heat- series but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited in
ers precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs. the index.
I.1
Copyright 2010, ASHRAE
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
data processing areas, A17 Aircraft, A10 Air diffusion performance index (ADPI),
desiccant dehumidification and, S23.10 air conditioning, A10.5 A56.5; F20.12, 13
dormitories, A5.1, 8 air distribution, A10.7 Air distribution
educational facilities, A6.1 air filters, A10.4, 9 aircraft cabins, A10.7
engine test facilities, A15.1 air quality, A10.8 air terminals, A56.1
equipment cabin pressurization animal environments, A22.3, 5
outdoor, S2.8 control, A10.6, 8 bowling centers, A3.8
refrigeration, S3.3 performance, A10.2, 4 buildings, S4.1
exhibition centers, A4.5 carbon dioxide concentration, A10.9 central system, A41.2
fairs, A4.8 environmental control system (ECS), communications centers, A3.9
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 A10.2, 4, 6, 8 control, A46.17; S4.17
galleries, A21 air-conditioning packs, A10.4 ductwork, S1.7; S4.10
gymnasiums, A4.5 air-cycle machine, A10.5 equipment, S19
health care facilities, A7 cabin pressure control, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.19
hospitals, A7.2 design conditions forced-air systems, small, S9.7
nursing facilities, A7.14 considerations, A10.2 industrial environments, A29.2
outpatient, A7.13 ventilation, A10.4 in-room terminal systems, S5.10
hotels and motels, A5 engine bleed air system, A10.4 isovels, A56.5
houses of worship, A4.3 load determination, A10.3 kitchen makeup air, A31.15
ice rinks, A4.5 outside air, A10.4 laboratories, A14.9
industrial environments, A12; A29 pneumatic system, A10.4 mapping, A56.5
kitchens, A3.5, 6; A31 regulations, A10.1 occupied zone, A56.1
laboratories, A14.1 heating, A10.4 places of assembly, A4.2
libraries, A21 humidity, A10.9 rail cars, A9.17
mass transit, A9.13 multiple factors, A10.10 retail stores, A2.1
mines, A27 oxygen levels, A10.1, 9 ships, A11.3, 4
museums, A21 ozone concentration, A10.1, 7, 8 sound control, A47.2, 30
natatoriums, A4.6 ventilation, A10.1, 4 systems, A56.1
nightclubs, A3.6 Air curtains, display cases, R15.5 design considerations, A56.1
nuclear facilities, A26 Air diffusers fully stratified, A56.6
office buildings, A3.6 sound control, A47.9 mixed, A56.2
paper products facilities, A24.2 testing, A37.2 partially mixed, A56.8
photographic processing and storage areas, Air diffusion rooms, A56.1
A20.1 air jets terminal boxes, A46.14, 17
places of assembly, A4 angle of divergence, F20.3 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.3
plant growth chambers, A22.17 Archimedes number, F20.6 textile processing plants, A19.6
power plants, A25.10 behavior, F20.3 zone control, A46.10, 19
printing plants, A18 centerline velocity, F20.3 Air exchange rate
public buildings, A3.1 Coanda effect, F20.6 air changes per hour (ACH), F16.4
radio stations, A3.8 entrainment ratios, F20.5 modeling, F16.22
rail cars, A9.15 fundamentals, F20.3 multizone measurement, F16.6
restaurants, A3.5 isothermal, radial flow, F20.6 time constants, F16.4
retrofitting, contaminant control, R7.9 multiple, F20.7 tracer gas measurement method, F16.5
ship docks, A3.10 nonisothermal, F20.6 Air filters. See Filters, air
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
computer-aided modeling, A16.4 location, S9.4 Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A54.14
condensers, evaporative, S38.15 selection, S19.2 Anemometers
control, F25; F26; F27 smudging, S19.3 air devices, A37.2
and convection, F25.5 sound level, S19.2 types, F36.16
displacement flow, F16.3 supply, S19.1 Animal environments
entrainment flow, F16.3 surface effects, S19.2 air contaminants
exhaust hoods, A30.3 temperature differential, S19.2 ammonia, A22.2, 9
furnaces, S32.3 types, S19.3 carbon dioxide, A22.2
with heat and moisture flow, F25.12 Airports, air conditioning, A3.9 air distribution, A22.3, 5
laminar, A16.4 Air quality. (See also Indoor air quality) air inlets, A22.6
measurement of, A37.2 aircraft cabins, A10.8 air quality control, A22.2
modeling animal buildings, A22.2 air transport, R27.2
in buildings, F13 bus terminals, A13.23 cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7
hygrothermal, F25.13 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.26 cooling, A22.4
nonunidirectional, A16.3 parking garages, A13.17 design, A22.1
perfect mixing, F16.3 road tunnels, A13.7 disease control, A22.3
pressure differentials, F25.4 tollbooths, A13.25 evaporative cooling, A22.4; A51.14
smoke management, A52.5 Airtightness, F36.22 fans, A22.6
solar energy systems, A33.25 Air-to-air energy recovery, S25 heating, A22.4
terminology, F25.2 Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12 hydrogen sulfide, A22.2
tracking, A46.9 Air transport, R27 insulation, A22.4
unidirectional, A16.4, 11, 13 animals, R27.2 laboratory conditions, A14.14; A22.9
velocity measurement, F36.14 commodity requirements, R27.2 moisture control, A22.2
and water vapor flow, F25.8 design considerations, R27.2 particulate matter (PM), A22.2
Airflow retarders, F25.7, 8 galley refrigeration, R27.5 poultry, A22.8
walls, A43.4 ground handling, R27.4 shades, A22.3
Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow) perishable cargo, R27.1 swine, A22.7
Air handlers refrigeration, R27.3 temperature control, A22.1
all-air systems, S4.3 shipping containers, R27.3 ventilation, A22.5
control, A46.17 Air washers Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
cooling, S4.4 air cleaning, S40.8 S32.8; S33.2
dampers, S4.7 coolers, S40.6 Antifreeze
dehumidification, S4.5, 9 dehumidification performance factor, S40.8 coolants secondary, F31.4
distribution systems, A41.2 heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F6.11 ethylene glycol, F31.4
draw-through, S4.3 high-velocity spray type, S40.7 hydronic systems, S12.23
economizers, S4.7 humidification, S40.7 propylene glycol, F31.4
fans, S4.4, 6, 9 maintenance, S40.8 Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5
faults, A38.6 spray type, S40.6 Apartment buildings
filter, S4.8 textile processing plants, A19.4 service water heating, A49.13, 16
heating, S4.5 water treatment, A48.9; S40.9 ventilation, A1.6
humidification, S4.5, 9 Algae, control, A48.5 Aquifers, thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6
location, S4.4 All-air systems Archimedes number, F20.6
mixing plenum, S4.7 advantages, S4.1 Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives,
psychrometrics, S4.4 air distribution, S4.10 and libraries
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
construction, S26.1 flue gas predicted mean vote (PMV), F9.17; F36.30
design, S26.1 dew point, F28.12 predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.17
electric, A46.3; S26.3 loss, F28.14 productivity, F9.13
installation, S26.4 quantity produced, F28.11 radiant heating, A53.3
maintenance, S26.5 water vapor in, F28.12 special environments
rating, S26.3 coals extreme cold, F9.25
refrigerant, S26.3 characteristics, F28.9 hot and humid environments, F9.24
selection, S26.3 classification, F28.9 infrared heating, F9.23
shipboard, A11.4 heating value, F28.9 radiant heating, comfort equations, F9.24
steam, A46.2; S26.1 types, F28.8 steady-state energy balance, F9.16
water, A46.2; S14.8; S26.2 condensation in, F28.16 two-node model, F9.18
condensers, S38 continuous, F28.2 task performance, F9.13
evaporative, S38.15 corrosion in, F28.16 thermal sensation scale, F9.11
dehumidifying, S22.1 diesel fuel, F28.7 zones, F9.19; F10.12
desuperheating, S38.17 efficiency, F28.12 Commercial and public buildings
energy recovery loops, S25.11 engine fuels, cetane number, F28.8 air leakage, F16.25
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R1.27 excess air, F28.10 airports, A3.9
heat and mass simultaneous transfer, flammability limits F28.1 bars, A3.4, 5
F6.12 fuel oils, F28.6 bowling centers, A3.8
heat reclaim, S26.3 gaseous fuels burners
preheat, S4.8 illuminants, F28.10 gas, S30.3, 6
reheat, S4.9; S26.2 liquefied petroleum gas, F28.5 oil, S30.12
Colburns analogy, F4.17 natural gas, F28.5 bus terminals, A3.10
Colebrook equation types and properties, F28.5 cafeterias, A3.4
friction factor, F21.6 gas turbine fuel, F28.7 casinos, A3.4, 6
pressure drop, F22.1 heating value, F28.3 central cooling systems, A41.1
Collectors, solar, A33.6, 11, 23, 25; S36.3 ignition temperature, F28.2 communications centers, A3.8
(See also Solar energy) illuminants, F28.10 ducts
Colleges and universities, A6.10 liquid fuels, F28.6 construction, S18.2
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7 engines, F28.7 design, small applications, S9.10
economic feasibility, S7.49 noise, F28.17 furnaces, S32.5
estimate, S7.50 oscillation, F28.17 garages, A3.10
load duration curve, S7.50 pollution, F28.14 general criteria, A3.1
two-dimensional, S7.52 principles, F28.1 humidifiers, S21.6
simulation, S7.53 pulse, F28.2 ice rinks, R44
electrical systems, S7.44 reactions, F28.1 kitchen ventilation, A31.1
expansion engines/turbines, S7.31 resonance, F28.17 load characteristics, A3.1
heat-activated chillers, S7.39 solid fuels, F28.8 malls, A2.6
heat recovery soot, F28.17 nightclubs, A3.4, 6
engines, S7.33, 34 sound, F28.17 office buildings, A3.6
turbines, S7.37 stoichiometric, F28.1 restaurants, A3.4, 5
load profiling, S7.4 types, F28.1 retail facilities, A2.1
maintenance, S7.17 Combustion air systems service water heating, A49.11
modular systems, S7.3 air required, S34.26 ship docks, A3.10
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
liquid chillers, S42.4, 7, 11, 14 actuator, F7.4 steam heating systems, S10.11
low-temperature, R2.7 dampers, F7.4, 6 thermal, F4.1
makeup air units, A46.18; S27.9 operator, F7.4 Convectors
motors, S44.5, 6 positive positioners, F7.8 application, S35.5
protection, S44.6 valves, F7.4 design effects, S35.3
nuclear facilities, A26.5 controllers heat-distributing unit, S35.1
optimization, A41.1 direct digital (DDC), nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3
outdoor air quantity, A46.10 A37.16; F7.10, 19 rating, S35.2
paper moisture content, A18.2 static pressure, A46.8, 21 Convention centers, A4.5
parking garage ventilation, A13.18 thermostats, F7.11 Conversion factors, F38
photographic materials processing, sensors, F7.8 Coolants, secondary
A20.3 flow rate, F7.10 brines
pipe-tracing systems, A50.20 humidity (hygrometers), F7.9 corrosion inhibition, A48.10; F31.4
plant growth chambers, A22.17 indoor air quality, F7.10 properties, F31.1
processes, A45.5 lighting level, F7.10 calcium chloride solutions, F31.1
radiant panels, A46.4; S6.19 location, A46.23 d-limonene, F31.12
radioactivity, A26.7 power sensing and transmission, F7.10 ethyl alcohol solutions, F31.1
rail car air conditioning, A9.17 pressure, F7.9 halocarbons, F31.12
refrigerant flow, R11.1 temperature, F7.9 inhibited glycols
residential heating and cooling, A1.5 transducers, electronic-to-pneumatic corrosion inhibition, F31.11
road tunnel ventilation, A13.9 (E/P), F7.13 ethylene glycol, F31.4
scale, A48.4 computers, A39.15; F7.4 propylene glycol, F31.4
ship air conditioning control action types, F7.2, 4, 18 service considerations, F31.11
merchant, A11.3 dampers, F7.6 low-temperature refrigeration, R48.10
naval surface, A11.4 actuator mounting, F7.8 nonhalocarbon nonaqueous fluids, F31.12
smoke, A52.1 actuators, F7.8 polydimethylsiloxane, F31.12
snow-melting systems, A50.10 types, F7.6 potassium formate solutions, F31.1
solar energy, A33.13, 25, 26; S36.16 direct digital (DDC), A37.16; F7.4, 10, 19 refrigeration systems, R13.1
differential temperature controller, S36.16 explosive atmospheres, A46.20 sodium chloride solutions, F31.1
hot-water dump, S36.17 extraordinary incidents, A46.21 Coolers. (See also Refrigerators)
overtemperature protection, S36.17 feedback (closed loop), F7.1 beverage, R39.11
sound, A47.1, 40; F8.15 fuzzy logic, F7.3 cryocoolers, R47.11
static pressure mobile applications, A46.20 forced-circulation air, R14.1
limit control, A46.21 modeling, F19.23 installation and operation, R14.6
variable flow rates, A46.8 modulating, F7.2 liquid (See also Evaporators)
steam systems, S10.13 open loop, F7.1 Baudelot, S41.2
thermal storage systems, A34.23; A41.29; positive positioners, F7.8 brazed (semiwelded) plate, S41.2
S50.23 proportional/integral (PI), F7.3 in chillers, S42.6, 8, 13
unit heaters, S27.7 proportional-integral-derivative (PID), evaporative, with evaporative condensers,
unit ventilators, A46.17; S27.3 F7.3 S38.17
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A41.2; proportional-only (P), F7.3 flooded, S41.2
A46.7 refrigerant flow, R11.1 freeze prevention, S41.5
vibration, A47.38 safety, A46.20 heat transfer, S41
zone systems, A46.19 sensors, F7.8, 10; R11.4 coefficients, S41.3
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR) air exchange, F16.26 duct fitting database, F21.9
Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 10 U-factors, F27.8 local loss coefficients, F21.9
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence Dormitories fan-system interface, F21.11
modeling, F13.4; F24.10 air conditioning, A5.8 fitting loss coefficients
Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio- design criteria, A5.1 duct fitting database, F21.9
logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents energy systems, A5.1 flexible ducts, F21.9
Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9 load characteristics, A5.1 tables, F21.2666
Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.9 service water heating, A49.12, 15, 19 friction losses, F21.6
Display cases, R15.1, 4 Draft head, F21.2
District heating and cooling, S11 burners, S30.1, 14 industrial exhaust systems, S29.28
applicability, S11.1 chimney, S34.1 methods, F21.16
central plants available, S34.1, 3 noise, F21.16
boiler, S11.3 theoretical, S34.2, 3 pressure, F21.2
chiller, A46.4; S11.1, 4 comfort affected by, F9.14 residential, S9.8
distribution design, S11.5 cooling towers, S39.3, 5 roughness factors, F21.6
emission control, S11.4 Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5 stack effect, F21.2
equipment, S11.3 Driers, R7.6. (See also Dryers) testing, adjusting, and balancing, F21.16
heating medium, S11.3 Drip station, steam systems, S11.7 Ducts
thermal storage, S11.4 Dryers. (See also Driers) acoustical lining, A47.15; S18.4
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 commercial and industrial in hospitals, A7.13
components, S11.1 adsorption, S23.10, 11 airflow measurement in, A37.2
consumer interconnections agitated-bed, A28.6 antimicrobial, S18.5
chilled water, S11.4, 19, 32 calculations, A28.2 classifications, S18.1
components, S11.28 conduction, A28.3 cleaning, S18.2
direct connection, S11.27 constant-moisture solvent, A28.6 construction
flow control, S11.29 convection, A28.4 codes, S18.1
hot water, S11.31 dielectric, A28.4 commercial, S18.2
indirect, with heat exchangers, S11.28 drying time determination, A28.1 acoustical treatment, S18.4
steam, S11.19, 30 flash, A28.6 hangers, S18.4
temperature differential control, S11.33 fluidized-bed, A28.6 materials, S18.2
costs, A36.9 freeze drying, A28.6 plenums and apparatus casings, S18.4
distribution system mechanism, A28.1 industrial, S18.4
aboveground systems, S11.18, 19 microwave, A28.4 hangers, S18.5
condensate drainage and return, S11.7, 19 psychrometrics, A28.1 materials, S18.4
conduits, S11.22, 24 radiant infrared, A28.3 kitchen exhaust, S18.5
constant-flow, S11.5 selection, A28.3 master specifications, S18.6
construction, S11.18 superheated vapor, A28.6 outdoor ducts, S18.6
entry pits, S11.25 tunnel, A28.5 residential, S18.2
hydraulic design, S11.6 ultraviolet (UV), A28.3 seismic qualification, S18.6
insulation vacuum drying, A28.6 sheet metal welding, S18.6
economical thickness, S11.17 desiccant, high-pressure, S23.10 standards, S18.1
pipe, S11.8, 17, 21 farm crops, A23.1 commercial, S18.2
pipe, S11.7 Drying industrial, S18.4
thermal design conditions, S11.8 air, S23.11 residential, S18.2
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
Integrated design process (IDP), A57.1 fire safety, A31.9 teaching labs, A14.18
Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, hoods, A31.2 types, A14.1
R2.3 maintenance, A31.26 ventilation, A14.8
Jails, A8.3 multiple-hood systems, A31.20, 24 Laboratory information management systems
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6 residential, A31.28 (LIMS), A8.7
Judges chambers, A8.4 terminations, A31.13 Lakes, heat transfer, A32.28
Juice, R38.1 fire safety, A31.22, 24 Laminar flow
Jury facilities, A8.4 fire suppression, A31.22 air, A16.4
Justice facilities, A8 multiple-hood systems, A31.24 fluids, F3.2
control rooms, A8.3, 4 prevention of fire spread, A31.24 Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence
courthouses, A8.4 protection, A31.22 modeling, F13.3; F24.10
courtrooms, A8.4, 4 residential, A31.28 Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F36.16
dining halls, A8.4 grease removal, A31.3, 9 Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F36.16
energy considerations, A8.2 heat recovery, A31.21 Latent energy change materials, A34.2; S50.2
fire/smoke management, A8.3 indoor air quality (IAQ), A31.13 Laundries
fitness facilities, A8.5 in justice facilities, A8.4 evaporative cooling, A51.13
forensic labs, A8.1, 5 integration and balancing, A31.18 in justice facilities, A8.4; F25.9
guard stations, A8.3, 4 maintenance, A31.26 service water heating, A49.21
health issues, A8.3 makeup air systems LCCP. See Life-cycle climate performance
heating and cooling plants, A8.2 air distribution, A31.15 (LCCP)
jail cells, A8.5 maintenance, A31.26 LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR)
jails, A8.3 replacement, A31.13 LD50 mean lethal dose, A58.4
judges chambers, A8.4, 4 residential, A31.28 LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA)
jury rooms, A8.4 operation, A31.25 LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV)
juvenile, A8.1 residential, A31.27 LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating
kitchens, A8.4 service water heating, A49.7 Leakage, ducts, S18.2
laundries, A8.4 ventilation, A31 Leakage function, relationship, F16.14
libraries, A8.3, 5 Kleemenko cycle, R47.13 Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.8
police stations, A8.1 Krypton, recovery, R47.18 methods, R8.4
prisons, A8.3 Kyoto protocol, F35.4 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6; F10.6
system controls A8.3 Laboratories, A14 air washers, S40.9
system requirements, A8.1 air distribution, A14.9 control, A48.7
terminology, A8.1 air filtration, A14.9 cooling towers, S39.12, 13
types of, A8.1 air intakes, A14.13 decorative fountains, A48.7
U.S. Marshals, A8.5 animal labs, A14.14 evaporative coolers, S40.9
Juvenile facilities, A8.1. (See also Family cage environment, A22.9 hospitals, A7.2
courts) ventilation performance, A22.9 Legionnaires disease, A48.6
K-12 schools, A6.3 biological safety cabinets, A14.6 service water systems, A49.9
Kelvins equation, F25.9 biosafety levels, A14.17 Legionnaires disease. See Legionella
Kirchoffs law, F4.12 clean benches, A14.8 pneumophila
Kitchens, A31 cleanrooms, A16.1 LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES)
air balancing, A31.18 clinical labs, A14.18 Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4
multiple-hood systems, A31.20 commissioning, A14.19 Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives,
air conditioning, A3.5, 6 compressed gas storage, A14.8 and libraries
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
duct design, A4.7 tornado and wind protection, A26.2 liquid chillers, S42.12
envelope design, A4.7 Number of transfer units (NTU) Owning costs, A36.1
load estimation, A4.6 cooling towers, S39.16 Oxygen
pool water chemistry, A4.7 heat transfer, F4.22 in aircraft cabins, A10.9
ventilation requirements, A4.6 Nursing facilities, A7.14 liquid, R47.3
Natural gas, F28.5 service water heating, A49.13 recovery, R47.17
liquefaction, R47.8 Nuts, storage, R42.7 Ozone
liquefied, R47.3 Odors, F12 activated carbon air cleaner, A45.12
pipe sizing, F22.18 analytical measurement, F12.5 in aircraft cabins
processing, R47.19 control of, in industrial exhaust gas cleaning, catalytic converters, A10.7, 8
separation, R47.18 S29.26, 27 limits, A10.1
Navier-Stokes equations, F13.1 factors affecting, F12.2, 5 electronic air filters, S28.8
Reynolds-averaged, F13.3 odor units, F12.5 health effects, F10.11
NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves olf unit, F12.6 Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R6.1
Net positive suction pressure (NPSP), A32.6, sense of smell, F12.1 PAC. See Polycyclic aromatic compounds
25; R2.3; S43.9 sensory measurement, F12.2 (PAC)
Nightclubs, A3.6 acceptability, F12.5 Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs),
Night setback sources, F12.1 S49.5
furnaces, residential, S9.15, 16 suprathreshold intensity, F12.3 residential, A1.6
recovery, A41.27 threshold, F12.1 Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs),
Nitrogen ODP. See Ozone depletion potential S49.5
liquid, R47.3 (ODP) residential, A1.6
recovery, R47.17 Office buildings PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound) air conditioning, A3.6 (PAH)
air conditioners, room, S49.4 space requirements, A3.7 Paint, and moisture problems, F25.14
combustion, F28.17 service water heating, A49.13, 16 Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also
compressors Oil, fuel, F28.6 Radiant heating and cooling)
centrifugal, S37.5, 23, 34 characteristics, F28.6 advantages, S6.1
scroll, S37.26 distillate oils, F28.6 air-heated/cooled panels, S6.19
single-screw, S37.18 handling, S30.15 capillary tube mats, S6.7
condensing units, R15.18 heating value, F28.7 control, S6.19
control, with insulation, F23.4 pipe sizing, F22.19 cooling, S6.1
controls, A16.17 preparation, S30.16 design, S6.6
engine test facilities, A15.4 residual oils, F28.6 calculations, S6.8
fans, S20.8 storage buildings, A25.9 disadvantages, S6.2
fluid flow, F3.13 storage tanks, S30.14 electric heating systems, S6.16
health effects, F10.16 sulfur content, F28.7 ceiling, S6.16
valves, S46.2 viscosity, F28.6 floor, S6.18
water pipes, F22.5 Oil. (See also Lubricants) wall, S6.18
Noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.31; F8.16 in refrigerant systems, R12.3 heat flux
balanced (NCB), A47.32 in two-phase flow, F5.11 combined, S6.5
Noncondensable gases Olf unit, F12.6 natural convection, S6.3
condensers, water-cooled, S38.6 One-pipe systems thermal radiation, S6.2
refrigerant contamination, R7.7 chilled-water, S12.19 heating, S6.1
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
energy efficiency, R16.7 Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; Room air distribution, A56
freezers, R16.3 F36.6 air terminals, A56.1
temperatures, R16.2 Resistivity, thermal, F25.1 classification, A56.1
types, R16.1 Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2 occupant comfort, A56.1
cryocoolers, R47.11 Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17 occupied zone, A56.1
food service, R16.1 Restaurants Room criterion (RC) curves, A47.31; F8.17
household air balancing, A31.18 Mark II, A47.32
absorption cycle, R18.8 air conditioning, A3.4, 5 Root mean square (RMS), F36.1
household, R17.1 commercial and public buildings, A3.4 Rotary vane compressors, S37.13
cabinets, R17.2 energy conservation, A31.21 Rotative speed, F36.26
defrosting, R17.5 kitchen ventilation, A31.1 Roughness factors, ducts, F21.6
durability, R17.12 service water heating, A49.13, 14, 19 RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices
ice makers, R17.2 Retail facilities, A2 (RTDs)
performance evaluation, R17.9 air conditioning, A2.1 RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
refrigerating systems, R17.4 convenience centers, A2.6 RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
safety, R17.11 department stores, A2.5 RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
mortuary, R16.3 design considerations, A2.1 Rusting, of building components, F25.15
retail food store discount and big-box stores, A2.2 R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance,
display, A2.3; R15.1 load determination, A2.1 thermal)
storage, R15.11 malls, A2.6 zone method of calculation, F27.5, 6
walk-in, R16.3 multiple-use complexes, A2.7 Safety
Regulators. (See also Valves) refrigeration, R15.1 air cleaners, A45.13; S28.12
condenser pressure, R11.15 shopping centers, A2.6 automatic controls, A46.20
condensing water, R11.20 small stores, A2.1 burners, S30.1, 2, 20
draft, S34.28 supermarkets, A2.2 chemical plants, R46.2
pressure, steam, S10.9 refrigerators, R15.1 cryogenic equipment, R47.28
suction pressure, R11.14 service water heating, A49.14 electrical, A55.1
Residential systems, A1 Retrofit performance monitoring, A40.3 filters, air, S28.12
air cleaners, S28.9 Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.29
air leakage, F16.15 control, R7.9 nuclear facilities, A26.1
calculation, F16.23 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) refrigerants, F29.2, 8
climatic infiltration zones, F16.19 equation, F13.3; F24.10 service water heating, A49.9
dehumidifiers, A1.5 airflow around buildings simulation, F24.10 solar energy systems, A33.24
duct construction, S18.2 Reynolds number, F3.3 thermal insulation and fires, F23.5
equipment sizing, A1.2 Rice, drying, A23.9 thermal insulation for, F23.2
forced-air systems RMS. See Root mean square (RMS) water systems, S14.9
air outlets and returns, S9.3 Road tunnels, A13.4 wood stoves, S33.6
selection, S9.10 carbon monoxide against attacks, A58.1
controls, S9.3 allowable concentrations, A13.7 UVGI systems, S16.8
design, S9.1, 3 analyzers and recorders, A13.9, 10 Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control,
distribution design, S9.7 computer analysis, A13.2 A48.7
ducts, S9.6 vehicle emissions, A13.7 Sanitation
efficiency testing, S9.11 ventilation food production facilities, R22
furnace, S32.1 air quantities, A13.7, 8 control of microorganisms, R22.4
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
design calculations coils, A11.4 back and edge heat losses, A50.6, 8
examples, A54.1521 ducts, A11.3 control, A50.10
static analysis, A54.3, 7 fish freezing, R26.8 electric system design
duct construction, S18.6 fish refrigeration constant wattage systems, A50.15
dynamic analysis, A54.2 icing, R26.7; R32.1 electrical equipment, A50.13
installation problems, A54.22 refrigerated seawater, R26.8; R32.2 gutters and downspouts, A50.17
snubbers, A54.15 merchant, A11.1 heat flux, A50.13
terminology, A54.2 naval surface, A11.3 idling, A50.18
weld capacities, A54.15 refrigerated stores, R26.4 heating elements, A50.13
Sensible heat refrigeration systems, R26.1 infrared systems, A50.16
psychrometrics, F1.14 regulatory agencies, A11.3 installation, A50.16
ratio, S49.2 Short-tube restrictors, R11.31 mineral insulated cable, A50.13
Sensors Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 free area ratio, A50.1
automatic controls, F7.8, 10 Skating rinks, R44.1 freeze protection systems, A50.10, 17
location, A46.23 Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.19 heat balance, A50.1
Separators, lubricant, R11.23 Slab heating, A50 heating requirement
Service water heating, A49 Slab-on-grade foundations, A43.2 annual operating data, A50.8
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 moisture control, A43.3 heat flux equations, A50.2
commercial and institutional, A49.11 SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR) hydronic and electric, A50.1
corrosion, A49.8 Smoke management, A52 load frequencies, A50.6
design considerations, A49.4 acceptance testing, A52.17 surface size, A50.6
distribution system atriums, A52.12 transient heat flux, A50.6
for commercial kitchens, A49.7 computer analysis, A52.12, 13 weather data, A50.6
manifolding, A49.8 design wind speed, A50.6
piping, A49.4 door-opening forces, A52.6 hydronic system design
pressure differential, A49.5 flow areas components, A50.10
return pump sizing, A49.6 airflow paths, A52.6 controls, A50.13
two-temperature service, A49.8 effective, A52.6 fluid heater, A50.12
geothermal energy, A32.9 open doors, A52.8 heat transfer fluid, A50.10
indirect, A49.3, 25 pressure differences, A52.8 piping, A50.11
industrial, A49.23 weather data, A52.8 pump selection, A50.13
Legionella pneumophila, A49.9 elevators, A52.11 thermal stress, A50.13
pipe sizing, F22.8 hospitals, A7.5 operating costs, A50.10
requirements, A49.11 large open spaces slab design, hydronic and electric, A50.8
residential, A49.11 plugholing, A52.15 snow detectors, A50.10
safety, A49.9 plume, A52.13 Snubbers, seismic, A54.15
scale, A49.8 prestratification layer, A52.16 Sodium chloride brines, F31.1
sizing water heaters smoke filling, A52.14, 14 Soft drinks, R39.10
instantaneous and semi-instantaneous, steady clear height and upper layer Soils. (See also Earth)
A49.23 exhaust, A52.14 stabilization, R45.3, 4
refrigerant-based, A49.25 steady fire, A52.13, 14 temperature calculation, S11.10
storage heaters, A49.11, 15 unsteady fire, A52.13, 14 thermal conductivity, F26.12; S11.9
solar energy, A33.13, 18, 26; A49.4 zone fire models, A52.13 Solar energy, A33; S36.1
steam, S10.1 methods active systems, A33.16, 17, 19
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See seeds, A23.11; R21.13
S34.27, 32 explanation on first page of index.) tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2
condensers, S38 piping vegetables, R37.3
evaporative, S38.18 distribution, S10.5 dried, R42.7
water-cooled, S38.7 Hartford loop, S10.3 wine, R39.10
coolers, liquid, S41.4 inlet orifices, S10.12 wood products, A24.2
data processing, A17.15 return, S10.3, 6 Stoves, heating, S33.5
dehumidifiers, room, S24.3 sizing, F22.12 Stratification
duct construction, S18.1 supply, S10.3, 5, 12 of air
commercial, S18.2 terminal equipment, S10.6 in places of assembly, A4.2
industrial, S18.4 temperature control, S10.13 in plenums, A37.2
residential, S18.2 terminal equipment of water, in thermal storage tanks, A34.4;
electrical, A55.15 forced-convection, S10.11 S50.4
filters, air, S28.3, 5 natural convection, S10.11 Stroboscopes, F36.26
furnaces, S32.11 units, S35.1 Subcoolers
heaters, S33.6, 7 piping design, S10.6 condensers, S38
heat pumps, S48 radiant panel, S10.11 evaporative, S38.17
packaged terminal, S49.7 traps, S10.7 water-cooled, S38.5
unitary, S48.5, 6 turbines, S7.25 two-stage, R1.29
water-source, S48.12 two-pipe systems, S10.12 Subway environment simulation (SES)
indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.10 unit program, A13.2
liquid chillers, S42.5 heaters, S27.4 Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit
makeup air units, S27.9 ventilators, S27.1 systems)
motors, S44.2, 10 valves car air conditioning, A9.16
nuclear facilities, A26.10 pressure-reducing, S10.9 station air conditioning, A13.13
pipe fittings, S45.2 safety, S10.9 ventilation, A13.10
piping, S11.19; S45.6 temperature control, S10.13 Suction risers, R2.26
sound control, A47.48 water, effects of, S10.2 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.7
ventilation, F16.18 Steam traps, S10.7 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5
vibration control, A47.48 Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F4.2, 11 Supervisory control, A41
Static electricity and humidity, S21.2 Stevens law, F12.3 air-handling systems
Steam Stirling cycle, R47.14 air distribution, A41.2
quality, S10.2 Stokers, S30.17 sequencing, A41.26
sources, S10.2 Storage set point reset, A41.27
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.15 apples, A51.14; R35.1, 3 boilers, optimizing, A41.3
thermophysical properties, F30.1, 3637 controlled atmosphere, R35.1, 3 building temperature set point
Steam systems, S10 bakery ingredients, R41.1 night setback recovery, A41.27
air, effects of, S10.2 candy, R42.5 precooling, A41.28
boilers, S10.3; S31.1 carbon dioxide, R39.12 chilled-water pumps, A41.6, 16, 17
classification, S10.2 citrus, A51.14; R36.3 chillers
coils, air-heating, S26.1 cold, facility design, R23.1 load distribution, A41.21
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, compressed gases, A14.8 sequencing, A41.6, 20, 23
S7.44 controlled-atmosphere (CA), R23.3 computerized, A39.15
combined steam and water, S10.15 cryogenic fluids, R47.26 cooling systems without storage, A41.5
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
design, A56.2 unit ventilators, S5.6 total heat transfer method, A37.11
design process, F35.5 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.16 induction systems, A37.5
energy resources, F35.2 Terminology, R50 instruments, A37.3
and green design, F35.1 Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- sound transmission problems, A37.19, 24
infiltration, F16.1 logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents steam distribution systems, A37.15
in integrated building design, A57.3 Testing temperature controls, A37.16
material resources, F35.3 air cleaners, A45.15; S28.3 terminology, A37.1
renewable energy, F35.2 air conditioners, packaged terminal, S49.7 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.6
and solid and liquid waste disposal, F35.3 air leakage, fan pressurization, F16.14 TETD/TA. See Total equivalent temperature
unitary systems, S48.2 clean spaces, A16.6 differential method with time averaging
ventilation, F16.1 compressors (TETD/TA)
water use, F35.2 centrifugal, S37.32 TEWI. See Total equivalent warming impact
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) positive-displacement, S37.5 (TEWI)
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) condensers, S38 Textile processing plants, A19
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums) evaporative, S38.18 air conditioning design
dehumidifiers, S24.4 water-cooled, S38.7 air cleaning, A19.5, 7
solar heating, A33.15 cooling towers, A37.15; S39.15 air distribution, A19.6
water chemistry, A4.7 desiccant dehumidification for, S23.10, 11 collector systems, A19.5
water heating for, A49.22 duct efficiency, S9.11 health considerations, A19.7
Swine, recommended environment, A22.7 fans, S20.4 energy conservation, A19.7
Symbols, F37 filters, air, S28.3 fabric making, A19.3
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5 heaters, S33.7 fiber making, A19.1
Tachometers, F36.26 heat pumps yarn making, A19.2
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2 packaged terminal air conditioners TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Television studios, A3.8 (PTACs), S49.7 Theaters, A4.3
Temperature water-source, S48.12 Thermal bridges, F25.7
ambient, A53.1 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8 building envelopes, A43.8
changeover, S5.11, 13 radiant heating system, A53.7 Thermal comfort. See Comfort
dew-point, F1.8, 9 refrigeration systems Thermal emittance, F25.2
dry-bulb, adjusted, A53.1 compressor, R8.5 Thermal energy storage (TES), S17.4
effective, A51.11; F9.20 leak detection, R8.4 Thermal mass, of buildings, A43.11. (See also
humid operative, F9.20 performance testing, R8.5 Building thermal mass)
mean radiant, A53.1; F9.10; F36.29; S6.1 refrigerators, household, R17.9 Thermal properties, F26.1
measurement, F36.4 smoke control systems, A52.17 acoustics, F26.12
odors affected by, F12.2 solar collectors, S36.9 air spaces, F26.1
operative, A53.1 sound health, F26.12
plane radiant, F9.10; F36.29 instrumentation, A37.18 insulation materials, F26.2
radiant asymmetry, F9.11 procedure, A37.19 mechanical properties, F26.11
sensors, F7.9 transmission problems, A37.19, 24 safety, F26.12
sol-air, F18.22 vibration Thermal properties of food, R19
and task performance, F9.13 equipment, A37.22 Thermal resistivity, F25.1
vertical differences, F9.15 instrumentation, A37.21 Thermal storage, A34; S50
wet-bulb, F1.8, 9 isolators, A37.21; A47.47 applications, A34.16; S50.16
globe, F9.21 piping transmission, A37.24 benefits, A34.3; S50.3
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
surface disinfection, S16.6 equivalent lengths, R1.10 pulse width modulation, S44.10
terminology, S16.1 float control, R1.26 transistors, S44.9
upper-air, S16.7 hydronic systems voltage waveform distortion, S44.12
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), control, S12.15 VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
S16.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp safety relief, S12.20 Vegetables, R37
systems] manual, S46.3 air transport, R27.1
systems, S16.6 selection, S46.3 cooling, R28.1
Uncertainty analysis materials, S46.1 deterioration rate, R21.1
measurement, A40.12, 13 multiple-purpose, S46.10 display refrigerators, R15.8
precision uncertainty, F36.4 noise, S46.2 dried, storage, R42.7
sources, F36.3 pressure drop, F22.1, 8 frozen, R40.3
systematic uncertainty, F36.4 pressure-reducing makeup water, S46.12 misters and Legionella pneumophila control,
statistical regression, A40.13 pressure relief, S46.11 A48.7
Unitary systems, S48 safety, R11.22 refrigeration, R37.1
floor-by-floor systems, S2.6 ratings, S46.1 storage, R37.3
heat pumps, S2.3; S48.1, 8, 10 refrigerant control, R11.4 thermal properties, R19.1
outdoor equipment, S2.8 regulating and throttling, R11.11 transport, R37.2
self-contained, S2.6 safety, S46.11 Vehicles
split systems, S2.6; S48.1 solar energy systems, A33.12 ac- or dc-powered, transit, A9.16
through-the-wall, S2.3 solenoid, R11.17; S46.6 design, R25.1
window-mounted, S2.3 steam system, S10.9, 13 equipment attachment provisions, R25.3
Unit heaters. See Heaters stop-check, S46.13 sanitation, R25.3
Units and conversions, F38.1 suction pressure regulating, R11.14 temperature-controlled, R25.1
Unit ventilators, S27.1 thermostatic, S10.13; S46.11 use, R25.10
Utility interfacing, electric, S7.44 water hammer, S46.2 Vena contracta, F3.4
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems zone control, S10.13 Vending machines, R16.5
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Vaporization systems, S17.4 Ventilation, F16
(UVGI) Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S17.4 age of air, F16.4
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9 Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2 air change effectiveness, F16.5
Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17 Vapor retarders, A43.3; F23.9 aircraft, A10.1, 4
Valves, S46. (See also Regulators) jackets, F23.9 air exchange rate, F16.3, 12
actuators, S46.5 Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, airflow, F16.3
ammonia refrigeration systems all-air animal environments, A22.5
control, R2.9 dual-duct, S4.12 bus garages, A13.20
float control, R2.20 single-duct, S4.11 bus terminals, A13.22
relief, R2.10 versus constant air volume (CAV), A14.12 cargo containers, R25.5
solenoid, R2.10 control, A41.2, 27 climatic infiltration zones, F16.19
stop, R2.9 diversity, A37.5 dilution, A29.2; A45.5
authority, S46.8 dual-duct systems, S4.12 displacement, F20.16; S4.14
automatic, S46.4 duct static pressure control, A46.8, 9 design, F20.16
actuators, S46.4 fan driving mechanisms, F16.12
applications, S46.9 selection, A47.5 effectiveness, F16.5
control, F7.4 sequencing, A46.10 engine test facilities, A15.1
computerized, S46.6 unstable operation, A46.10 forced, F16.1
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications
This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com). License Date: 6/1/2010
district heating and cooling, S11.31 air washers, A48.9; S40.9 pressure, F24.3
high-temperature (HTW), S12.1 biological control, A48.5 Wind chill index, F9.22
loads, S12.2 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 Windows. (See also Fenestration)
low-temperature (LTW), S12.1 boilers, A48.10 air leakage, A43.7; F15.50
design considerations, S35.3 brine systems, A48.10 heat transfer, A43.6
heating systems, S12.16 closed recirculating systems, A48.10 moisture control, A43.7
loads, S12.2 condensers, evaporative, S38.18 solar gain, A43.6; F15.13, 17
nonresidential, S12.16 condenser water, S13.2 U-factors, F15.4, 6; F27.8
terminal equipment, S35.1 cooling towers, A48.4, 8; S39.13 wall interface, A43.6
medium- and high-temperature, S12.1; corrosion control, A48.2, 9 Wind restraint design, A54.22
S14 evaporative coolers, S40.9 minimum design wind load, A54.22
air-heating coils, S14.8 filtration, A48.7 Wineries
boilers, S14.2 fundamentals, A48.1 refrigeration, R39.8
cascade systems, S14.6 heating systems, A48.10 temperature control
circulating pumps, S14.6 ice makers, A48.7, 9 fermentation, R39.9
control, S14.8 medium- and high-temperature systems, S14.9 storage, R39.10
design, S14.2 nonchemical (physical), A48.5 wine production, R39.8
direct-contact heaters, S14.6 once-through systems, A48.9 Wood construction, and moisture, F25.8
direct-fired generators, S14.2 open recirculating systems, A48.9 dimensional changes, F25.8
distribution, S14.7 scale control, A48.4 Wood products facilities, A24.1
expansion tanks, S14.4 sprayed coil units, A48.9 evaporative cooling, A51.13
heat exchangers, S14.8 steam and condensate systems, A48.11 process area, A24.1
piping design, S14.7 terminology, A48.11 storage, A24.2
pressurization, S14.4 thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6 Wood pulp, A24.2
safety, S14.9 Water vapor retarders, F26.13 Wood stoves, S33.5
space heating, S14.8 Water wells, A32.24 World Wide Web (WWW), A39.17
thermal storage, S14.9 Weather data WSHP. See Water-source heat pump
water treatment, S14.9 climate changes effect on, F14.13 (WSHP)
medium-temperature (MTW), S12.2 design conditions, F14.1 WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
loads, S12.2 calculation, F14.4 Xenon, R47.18
R = 2010 Refrigeration F = 2009 Fundamentals S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications