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Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Sedlacek

Dipl.-Ing. R. Schneider
Aachen, October19th, 2003 Dipl.-Ing. N. Schfer
Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures -2-
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1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 6
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1.2 GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................. 6
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2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 DYNAMIC MAGNIFICATION FACTOR 1 ................................................................................................ 6
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3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 UNLOADED CRANE .............................................................................................................................. 9
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3.3 LOADED CRANE .................................................................................................................................. 9
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4.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 11
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4.2 CAUSED BY ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION OF THE CRANE ...................................................... 11
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4.3 CAUSED BY SKEWING OF THE CRANE ................................................................................................ 12
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4.4 CAUSED BY ACCELERATION OR BRAKING OF THE CRAB .................................................................... 15
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1.1 SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................. 18
1.2 CROSS-SECTION PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................. 18
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2.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS AT POINT 2.875 ........................................................................... 19
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2.3 INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS AT SUPPORT................................................................................. 22
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3.1 POINT 2.875 ...................................................................................................................................... 24
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5.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2 DETAIL CATEGORIES ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.3 POINT 2.785 ...................................................................................................................................... 31
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This report demonstrates the application of Eurocode 1 - Part 3: Actions induced by
cranes and machinery and the application of Eurocode 3 - Part 6: Crane supporting
structures for a top mounted crane.
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The geometric properties which are assumed in the design example are summarized in
section 1.2 and the mechanical details of the crane are defined in section 1.3. Further
assumptions for the crane are given where they are necessary.
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The following geometric properties are assumed in the design example for the crane:
s
Span length of the crane bridge: 15,00 m
Wheel spacing a: 2,50 m
e
Min. spacing between crab and supports emin: 0,00 m
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The following mechanical properties are defined for the crane:
A
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Self-weight of the crane Qc1 : 60,0 kN
Self-weight of the crab Qc2 : 10,0 kN
C 2
Hoistload Qh,nom : 100,0 kN
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The dynamic effects of a crane structure are taken into account by magnification factors
which are defined in Eurocode 1 - Part 3.
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The magnification factor 1 takes into account vibrational excitation of the crane
structure due to lifting the hoist load off the ground and is to be applied to the self-
weight of the crane.
1 = 1,1 (upper value of the vibrational pulses) (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

The magnification factor 2 is only to be applied to the hoistload and takes into account
the dynamical effects when the hoistload is transferred from the ground to the crane.
The magnification factor depends on the hoisting class of the crane. It is assumed that
the crane is classified as HC 3. Recommendations about the classification of cranes are
given in Annex B of Eurocode 1 - Part 3.
Assumption:
Hoisting class of the crane: HC 3

vh = 6 m/min
s
6
2 = 2,min + 2 v h = 1,15 + 0,51 = 1,20 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
e
60
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The parameters 2,min and 2 were obtained from table 2.5 of EC 1- Part 3.
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The magnification factor 3 considers the dynamical effects when a payload is sudden
F uro 11
released. These dynamic effects occur at cranes which use magnets as hoist tools. In the
design example it is assumed that no part of the payload is able to sudden release.
Assumption:
0
No sudden release or dropped part of the load.
E 2
3 = 1,00
-
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
l e 0
c 1
This magnification factor is to be applied to the self-weight of the crane and to the
y
payload, if the rail track observes not the tolerances specified in ENV 1993 - 6.
C 2 0
Assumption:
The tolerances for rail tracks are observed as specified in ENV 1993 - 6.
4 = 1,00 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
The magnification factor 5 takes into account the dynamic effects caused by drive
forces and depends on the characteristic of the drive forces.
Assumption:
The drive force change smoothly.
5 = 1,50 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.6)

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In this section the minimum and the maximum vertical wheel loads of the crane are cal-
culated according to table 3.1 which was obtained from Eurocode 1 - Part 3 (Table 2.2).
Table 3.1 defines the groups of loads which are to be considered as one characteristic
crane load, when additional actions apply at the structure (for example: self-weight,
wind action, snow). With the definition of the groups of loads the relevant combinations
of the magnification factors are given.
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Groups of loads
Symbol Section ULS SLS Acci-
B o
dental
A c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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1 Self-weight of crane Qc 2.6 Q Q 1 Q Q Q 1 Q1 1 1
2 Hoist load Qh 2.6 Q Q - Q Q Q
- 1 1
3 Acceleration of crane HL, HT 2.7 Q Q Q Q - - - Q5 - -
0
bridge
E
4 Skewing of crane bridge HS 2.7 - - - - 1 - - - - -
- 2
5 Acceleration or braking of HT3 2.7 - - - - - 1 - - - -
e
crab or hoist block
l 0
6 In service wind FW* Annex A 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - -
c 1
7 Test load QT 2.10 - - - - - - - Q6 - -
y
Q7
0
8 Buffer force HB 2.11 - - - - - - - - -
C 2
9 Tilting force HTA 2.11 - - - - - - - - - 1
is the part of the hoist load that remains when the payload is removed, but is not included in the self-
1)
weight of the crane.

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The minimum vertical wheel load apply at a crane runway girder when the crane is
unloaded.
Qr,min Qr,min Qr,min Qr; (min) Qr,(min) Qr,(min)
a "
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a) Load group 1,2
e
= 1,1: Q C1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN
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Q C 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
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1
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Q = 66,0 + 11,0 = 44,0 kN Q r ,(min) = 22,0 kN
A
r ,(min)
2
F uro 11
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Q r , min =
2
66,0 = 33,0 kN Q r , min = 16,5 kN
b) Load group 3,4,5,6
E 2 0
= 1,0: Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN
-
Q c 2,k = 1,0 10,0 = 10,0 kN
c l e 0
1
1
r ,(min) = 60,0 + 10,0 = 40,0 kN Q r ,(min) = 20,0 kN
2
y 0
1
Q r , min = 60,0 = 30,0 kN Q r ,min = 15,0 kN
C 2
2
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The maximum vertical wheel loads apply at a crane runway girder when the crane is
loaded.
Qr,max Qr,max Qr,max Qr ,(max) Qr, (max) Qr, (max)
Crab
Qh,nom = nominal hoist load

emin
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a) Load group 1
= 1,1: Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures - 10 -
Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
= 1,2: Q h ,k = 1,2 100,0 = 120,0 kN
1
Q r ,(max) =
2
66,0 = 33,0 kN Q r ,(max) = 16,5 kN
1
Q r , max =
2
66,0 + 11,0 + 120,0 = 164,0 kN Q r ,max = 82,0 kN
b) Load group 2
s
= 1,1: Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN
e
Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
= 1,0:
B I o d Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN
A c
1
Q
F uro 11
r ,(max) = 66,0 = 33,0 kN Q r ,(max) = 16,5 kN
2
1
Q r , max =
2
66,0 + 11,0 + 100,0 = 144,0 kN Q r ,max = 72,0 kN
E 2 0
c) Load group 4,5,6
l e -
= 1,0: Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN
c 0
Q c 2,k = 1,0 10,0 = 10,0 kN
y 0
= 1,0:
1 Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN
C 2
1
Q r ,(max) =
2
60,0 = 30,0 kN Q r ,(max) = 15,0 kN
1
Q r , max =
2
60,0 + 10,0 + 100,0 = 140,0 kN Q r ,max = 70,0 kN
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In this section the following horizontal loads are calculated:
-horizontal loads caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crane bridge, see 4.2;
-horizontal loads caused by skewing of the crane bridge, see 4.3;
-horizontal loads caused by acceleration or braking of the crab, see 4.4;
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Rail i = 1 Rail i = 2
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Friction factor: = 0,2 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(4))
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Number of single wheel drivers: mw = 2
l e 0
Q *
r , min = m w Q r ,min = 2 15,0 = 30,0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(3))
c 1
K = Q *r ,min = 0,2 30,0 = 6,0 kN
y
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(3))
C 2 0
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H L ,1 H L ,2

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Number of runway beams: nR = 2
K 6,0
H L,1 = H L,2 = 5 = 1,5 = 4,5 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(2))
nr 2
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H T ,1 H T ,2
M S
a
HT ,1 H T ,2
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K1 K = K 1+ K2 K2
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Qr,max
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1 = (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
Qr
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Q = Q + Q r ,(max) = 140,0 + 30,0 = 170,0 kN
c
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
A
r r , max
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140,0
1 = = 0,82 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
170,0
0
2 = 1 1 = 0,18 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
lS
e E - 2
= (1 0,5) l = (0,83 0,5) 15,0 = 4,95 m (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
l 0
M = K l S = 6,0 4,95 = 29,7 kNm (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
yc 1
M 29,7
0
H T ,1 = 5 2 = 1,5 0,18 = 3,2 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
a 2,5
C 2
M 29,7
H T,2 = 5 1 = 1,5 0,82 = 14,6 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
a 2,5
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0,75 x 10
F = = = 0,004 rad (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)
a 2500
y 0,1 50
V = = = 0,002 rad (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)
a 2500
0 = = 0,001 rad (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)
--------------
= F + V + 0 = 0,007 rad
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f = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 )) = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 0,007 )) = 0,248 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(2))

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(a) Distance ei of the wheel pair i from the guidance means
e1 = 0 as flanged wheels are used
e2 = a = 2,50 m
s
(b) Combination of wheel pairs: IFF
e
m=0
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(c) Distance h:
B o
m1 2 l 2 + e 2j 0 + 2,50 2
A c
h= = = 2,50 m (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.8)
e 2,50
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j
n=2
S = 1
e j
= 1
2,50
= 0,5
0
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
nh 2 2,50
E - 2
S,1,L = S, 2,L = 0
e
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
c l 1 0
for wheel pair 1:
y 0
2 e1 0,18
S,1,1,T = 1 = (1 0) = 0,09 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
C 2
n h 2
e 0,82
S, 2,1,T = 1 1 1 = (1 0) = 0,41 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
n h 2
for wheel pair 2:
2 e2 0,18 2,50
S,1, 2,T = 1 = 1 =0 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
n h 2 2,50
e 0,82 2,50
S, 2 , 2 , T = 1 1 2 = 1 =0 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
n h 2 2,50
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H L ,1 H L ,2

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H S,1,L = f S,1,L Q r = 0 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
e
H S, 2,L = f S, 2,L Q r = 0 (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
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Rail i = 1 Directon of motion Rail i = 2
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S Wheel pair j = 1
H 67
HS ,2,1,T
E 0
Wheel pair j = 2
- 2
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l 0
Guide force S:
yc 1
S = f S Q r = 0,248 0,5 170,0 = 21,1 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
C 2 0
for wheel pair 1:
H S,1,1,T = f S,1,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,09 170,0 = 3,8 kN

H S, 2,1,T = f S, 2,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,41 170,0 = 17,3 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
H S,1,T = S H S,1,1,T = 17,3 kN

H S, 2,T = H S, 2,1,T = 17,3 kN
for wheel pair 2:
H S,1, 2,T = f S,1, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))

H S, 2, 2,T = f S, 2, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
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H T ,3 = 0,1 (10,0 + 100,0 ) = 11,0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.5)

(EC 1- P 3: 2.11.2)
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e=
4
A
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1
c
1
b r = 55 = 13,75 mm
4
(EC 1- P 3: 2.5.3(2))
E 2
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0
e -
Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i
l
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
c
fat ,1 =
1 0 1 + 1 1 + 1,1
= = 1,05
y
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(7))
0
2 2
1 + 2 1 + 1,2
C 2
fat , 2 = = = 1,10 (EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(7))
2 2
Assumption: crane is classified in class S6:
i = 0,794 for normal stresses (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)

i = 0,871 for shear stresses (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)
For normal stresses:

Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i = 1,1 0,794 70,0 = 61,1 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
For shear stresses:

Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i = 1,1 0,871 70,0 = 67,1 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
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For the XOWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWH the results are summarised in the following table according
to the groups of loads.
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Groups of loads 1 2 3 4 5 6
Magnification factor which are Q = 1,10 Q = 1,10 Q = 1,00 Q = 1,00 Q = 1,00 Q = 1,00
considered for the group of load
Q = 1,20 Q = 1,00 Q = 1,50 Q = 1,50
s
Q = 1,50 Q = 1,50
e
Vertical Self-weight of the Qr,(min) 22,0 kN 22,0 kN 20,0 kN 20,0 kN 20,0 kN 20,0 kN
loads crane
I
Qr,min 16,5 kN 16,5 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN
d
Self-weight of the Qr,(max) 16,5 kN 16,5 kN - 15,0 kN 15,0 kN 15,0 kN
B o
crane and hoistload
Qr,max 82,0 kN 72,0 kN - 70,0 kN 70,0 kN 70,0 kN
A c
Horizontal Acceleration of the HL,1 4,5 kN 4,5 kN 4,5 kN 4,5 kN - -
loads crane
F uro 11
HL,2 4,5 kN 4,5 kN 4,5 kN 4,5 kN - -
HT,1 3,2 kN 3,2 kN 3,2 kN 3,2 kN - -
HT,2 14,6 kN 14,6 kN 14,6 kN 14,6 kN - -
0
Skewing of the HS1,L - - - - 0 -
E
crane
2
HS2,L - - - - 0 -
-
HS1,T - - - - 17,3 kN -
l e 0
HS2,T - - - - 17,3 kN -
c
Acceleration of the HT,3 - - - - - 11,0 kN
1
crab
y
C 2 0
es
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0
E 2
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l e 0 -
yc 0 1
C 2
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Single-span girder with fork-support, length: l = 7,00 m
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In the design example it is assumed that the rail is rigid fixed with clamps on the crane
runway girder.
s
The benefit effects of the rigid fixed rail on the design resistance are not taken into
e
account in the design example (see 5.3.3 (2) of EC 3 - Part 6)
I d
Cross-section properties of the crane runway girder (without rail) HE-B 500:
B o
2 4 4 3 3
A [cm ] Iy [cm ] Iz [cm ] Wel,y [cm ] Wel,z [cm ]
A c
239,0 107200 12620 4290 842
F uro 11
Area of the flange: AF = 300$28,0 = 84,0 cm2
Area of the web: AW = 444$14,5 = 64,4 cm2
0
Cross-section properties of the rail A55:
E 2
A [cm2] Iy [cm4] Iz [cm4]
-
40,5 178 337
l e 0
Material S235
yc 1
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0
The cross-section is classified into class 1.
C 2
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For the verification of the crane runway girder the internal forces and moments are
calculated with influence lines for the following points:
Point 2.875: Maximum bending moment of the crane runway girder (in field)
Support: Maximum shear forces of the crane runway girder (at support)
The design example is carried out for load group 1, see table 7.1.
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Load position for the maximum bending moment:
Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max

x
7,00
s
11,5 2 x
A=
7,0
e
11,5 x 2 x 2
I
M( x) = A x =
d
7,0
B o
11,5 4 x
M ( x ) = = 0 for max M x = 2,875
7,0
A
F uro 11 c
gk = 1,873 + 0,318 = 2,2 kN
0
2,2 7,0
A (g k ) = = 7,7 kN
E 2
2
2,875 2 2,2
-
M y, k = 7,7 2,875 = 13,0 kNm
l e
2
0
Vz , k = 7,7 2,875 2,2 = 1,4 kN
yc 0 1
C 2
a) Bending moment
Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max
0,095
0,242
max M y, k = Q r , max (1 + 2 ) l = 82,0 (0,242 + 0,095) 7,0 = 193,7 kNm

min M y ,k = 0 kNm
b) Shear force
Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max
0,411
0,232
0,589
max Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,589 + 0,232) = 67,3 kN
s
Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max
I d e
B o
0,054 0,411
A
F uro 11 c
min Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,054 0,411) = 38,1 kN
E 0
a) Bending moment
2
HT,2 HT,2
-
2,50
c l e 0
y 0 1 0,095
C 2
0,242
min M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = (14,6 0,242 + 14,6 0,095) 7,0 = 15,0 kNm
HT,2 2,50 HT,2
0,032
0,242
max M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = ( 14,6 0,0316 + 14,6 0,242) 7,0 = 21,5 kNm

b) Shear force
HT,2 2,50 HT,2
0,411
0,232
0,589
max Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (0,411) + 14,6 0,232 = 9,4 kN
s
HT,2 2,50 HT,2
I d e
B o
0,054 0,411
A
F uro 11 c
min Vy,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (0,054) + 14,6 (0,411) = 5,2 kN
N k = 4,5 kN
E 2 0
l e -
Rail A 55: br =55 mm
0
h1 =65 mm
yc 1
Wheel loads: Qr,max = 82,0 kN
0
e y = 0,25 b r = 13,75 mm (EC 1-P 3: 2.5.3 (2))
C 2
Horizontal loads due to acceleration and deceleration: H T = 14,6 kN
e z = 0,5 h + h 1 = 0,5 500 + 65 = 315 mm
M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm

M t 2 = 82,0 0,01375 14,6 0,315 = 3,5 kNm
2,50
Mt2 Mt1
0,054 0,411
-
0,589 +
max M t ,k = 5,7 0,589 3,5 (0,054) = 3,5 kNm

,QWHUQDOIRUFHVDQGPRPHQWVDWVXSSRUW
There are no bending moments at the support (Single-span girder)
Vz , k = 7,7 kN
s
max Vz , k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,0 + 0,0) = 0 kN
I e
Qr,max Qr,max
d
2,50
A B c o
F uro 11
0,643 1,0
min Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (1,0 0,6428) = 134,7 kN
E 2 0
l e -
HT,2 HT,2
0
2,50
yc 0 1 1,0
C 2
max Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (1,0) + 14,6 0,0 = 14,6 kN
HT,2 2,50 HT,2
0,357
min Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) 0,0 + 14,6 (0,357) = 5,2 kN
N k = 4,5 kN
Rail A 55: br =55 mm

h1 =65 mm
Wheel loads: Qr,max = 82,0 kN

e y = 0,25 b r = 13,75 mm (EC 1- P 3: 2.5.3 (2))
Horizontal loads due to acceleration and deceleration: H T = 14,6 kN

e z = 0,5 h + h 1 = 0,5 500 + 65 = 315 mm
M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm
s
M t 2 = 82,0 0,01375 14,6 0,315 = 3,5 kNm
I d e
2,50
Mt1 Mt2
A B c o
F uro 11
1,0 +
0,643
max M t ,k = 5,7 1,0 3,5 0,643 = 3,4 kNm
E 2 0
l e 0 -
yc 0 1
C 2
&URVVVHFWLRQUHVLVWDQFHRIWKHFUDQHUXQZD\JLUGHU
3RLQW
d/tw = 390/14,5 = 26,9 < 60 Verification for shear buckling is not necessary
(EC 3- P 1: 5.1)
max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 1,4 + 1,35 67,3 = 92,75 kN

A V = 390 14,5 = 56,55 cm 2
s
fy / 3 235 / 3
Vz , Rd = A V = 56,55 = 697,5 kN > 92,75 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
M 1,1
I d e
B c o
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange of the girder.
A
F uro 11
max Vy ,Sd = Q Q k = 1,35 9,4 = 12,7 kN
A V = A TV = 300 28 = 84,0 cm 2
fy / 3 235 / 3
0
Vy ,Rd = A V = 84,0 = 1036,1 kN > 12,7 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
M
E
1,1
e - 2
6KHDUUHVLVWDQFHGXHWRWRUVLRQ
l
c 0
max M t ,Sd = 1,35 3,5 = 4,7 kN
y 1
M t ,Sd t 4,7 2,8 100 kN f y / 3
0
kN
V ,Ed = = = 2,45 2 < = 12,3 2 (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
It 538 cm M cm
C 2
Vpl,Rd =
(
Av fy / 3
M
) = 697,5 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6 (2))
t ,Ed 2,45
Vpl,T ,Rd = 1 Vpl,Rd = 1 697,5 = 639,5 kN
( )
1,25 f y / 3 / M 0 1,25 12,3
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.7)
VEd = 92,75 kN 319,8 kN = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)
no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary

%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOIRUFHV
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange.
a) Verification for max My,Sd:
N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN

max M y ,Sd = 1,35 13,0 + 1,35 193,7 = 279,0 kNm
M z ,Sd = 1,35 15,0 = 20,3 kNm
s
ATF = 84 cm2
Wel,y = 4290 cm3
e
Wel,z = 842 cm3
I d
N Sd M y ,Sd M z ,Sd
+ + 1,0
B o
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.1)
A TF f y,d Wel, y f y ,d Wel,z f y ,d
A c
6,1 279,0 100 20,3 100
F uro 11
+ + = 0,42 1,0
84 23,5 / 1,1 4290 23,5 / 1,1 842 23,5 / 1,1
0
b) Verification for max Mz,Sd:
E 2
N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN
e -
M y, k = 82,0 (0,0316 + 0,2420) 7,0 = 157,0 kNm
l 0
M y,Sd = 1,35 13,0 + 1,35 157,0 = 229,5 kNm
c 1
max M z ,Sd = 1,35 21,5 = 29,03 kNm
y
cm2
0
ATF = 84
Wel,y = 4290 cm3
C 2
Wel,z = 842 cm3
N Sd M y ,Sd M z ,Sd
+ + 1,0 (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.1)
A TF f y,d Wel, y f y ,d Wel,z f y ,d
6,1 229,5 100 29,03 100

+ + = 0,42 1,0
84 23,5 / 1,1 4290 23,5 / 1,1 842 23,5 / 1,1
1RWH The cross-section properties of the rail are not taken into account though the
rail is rigid fixed.
6XSSRUW
d/tw = 390/14,5 = 26,9 < 60 Verification for shear buckling is not necessary
(EC 3- P 1: 5.1)
max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 7,7 + 1,35 134,7 = 192,2 kN

A V = 390 14,5 = 56,55 cm 2
fy / 3 235 / 3
Vz , Rd = A V = 56,55 = 697,5 kN > 192,2 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
M 1,1
es
I d
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange of the girder.
B o
max Vy ,Sd = Q Q k = 1,35 14,6 = 19,7 kN
A c
A V = A TV = 300 28 = 84,0 cm 2
F uro 11
fy / 3 235 / 3
Vy ,Rd = A V = 84,0 = 1036,1 kN > 19,7 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
M 1,1
E 2 0
6KHDUUHVLVWDQFHGXHWRWRUVLRQ$QQH[*RI(XURFRGH3DUW
e -
max M t ,Sd = 1,35 3,4 = 4,6 kN
l 0
M t ,Sd t
c
4,6 2,8 100 kN f y / 3 kN
1
V ,Ed = = = 2,39 < = 12,3 2 (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
2
M
y
It 538 cm cm
C 2
Vpl,Rd =
0
(
Av fy / 3
M
) = 697,5 kN (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6 (2))
t ,Ed 2,39
Vpl,T ,Rd = 1 Vpl,Rd = 1 697,5 = 641,0 kN
( )
1,25 f y / 3 / M 0 1,25 12,3
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.7)
VEd = 192,2 kN 321,0 = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)
no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary

0
$[LDOIRUFHV
1RWH It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange. The rail is
rigid fixed with clamps on the top flange. Therefore the net section properties
of the crane runway girder are considered. The cross-section properties of the
rail are not taken into account though the rail is rigid fixed.
N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN
A = 2 21 28 = 11,8 cm 2
A TF,net = A TF A = 84,0 11,8 = 72,2 cm 2
s
N Sd
e
1,0 (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.4)
A TF,net f y,d
I d
6,1
= 0,004 1,0
72,2 23,5 / 1,1
A B c o
F uro 11
E 2 0
l e 0 -
yc 0 1
C 2
5HVLVWDQFHRIWKHZHEWRWUDQVYHUVHIRUFHV
The resistance of the web to transverse forces is determined according to section 4.4 of
the draft of Eurocode 3 - Part 1.5: Supplementary rules for planar plated structures
without transverse loading.
s s = 2 h + 50 = 2 (0,75 65) + 50 = 14,75 cm

h w = 500 2 28 = 444 mm
k f = 6,0 + 2,0 (h w / a ) 2 = 6,0 + 2 (44,4 / 700) 2 = 6,0 (EC 3- P 5: 6.1 (4))
s
0,9 k f E t 3w 0,9 6,0 21000 1,45
3
Fcr = = = 7786,4 kN (EC 3- P 5: 6.4 (1))
e
hw 44,4
I d
f yf b f 235 300
m1 = = = 20,7 (EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (1))
B o
f yw t w 235 14,5
c
2
h
2
A
444
m 2 = 0,02 w = 0,02 = 5,0 (EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (1))
F uro 11
f
t 28
[ ] [
l y = s s + 2 t f 1 + m 1 + m 2 = 14,75 + 2 1,45 1 + 20,7 + 5,0 = 32,4 cm]
0
(EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (2))
E 2
l y t w f yw
-
32,4 1,45 23,5
F = = = 0,38 < 0,5 F = 1
e
(EC 3- P 5: 6.4 (1))
l
Fcr 7786,4
c 1 0
l eff = F l y = 1,0 32,4 = 32,4 cm (EC 3- P 5: 6.2)
y 0
FRd = l eff t w f yw = 32,4 1,45 23,5 = 1104,0 kN (EC 3- P 5: 6.2)
C 2
FSd = Q Q r ,max = 1,35 82,0 = 110,7 kN
FSd < FRd

)DWLJXH
*HQHUDO
According to 9.1.4 of Eurocode 3 - Part 6 no fatigue assessment is necessary, if the

number of load cycles with more than 50 % of the full payload is smaller than 10000
cycles.
In the design example this condition is not fulfilled, so that a fatigue check is necessary.
The fatigue assessment is carried out for the crane runway girder on the basis of
nominal stress ranges.
s
c
Ff E 2
e
(EC 3- P 9: 8 (2))
Mf
I d
E 2 = fat P (EC 3- P 6: 9.4.1 (4))
Ff = 1,0
B
(EC 3- P 6: 9.3 (1))
o
Mf = 1,15 (EC 3- P 9: Table 3.1)
A
F uro 11 c
Provided that the crane is classified into loading class S6 the following values are
obtained from Eurocode 1 Part 3:
= 0,794 for normal stresses (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)
0
= 0,871 for shear stresses (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)
E
fat = 1,1
2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (7))
e -
In the design example the stresses E 2 are direct calculated with the following fatigue
l 0
loads:
yc 1
for normal stresses:
0
Q e ,i = fat Q max,i = 0,794 1,1 70,0 = 61,1 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (4))
C 2
for shear stresses:
Q e ,i = fat Q max,i = 0,871 1,1 70,0 = 67,1 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (4))
'HWDLOFDWHJRULHV
The runway beam is checked for the following detail categories which were obtained
from Eurocode 3 - Part 9 (Tab. 8.1, 8.2, 8.10).
Detail category Constructional detail Amendments
Verification of normal
125 stresses in the runway
beam.
es
80
B I o d
Verification of normal
stresses in the runway
A c
beam.
F uro 11
80
Verification of shear
0
stresses in the web.
e E - 2
l
Verification of vertical
0
stresses in the web due
c
160
1
to wheel loads.
y
(Eurocode 3 - Part 6)
C 2 0
3RLQW
9HULILFDWLRQRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ
a) Selfweight
M y = 13,0 kNm
b) Wheel loads
max M y = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) l = 61,1 (0,242 + 0,0952) 7,0 = 144,2 kNm

min M y = 0,0 kNm
es
Normal stresses at the top flange
I d
Detail category 80 (due to the net section properties by clamps)
B o
144,2 + 13,0 kN
c
max x = = 3,7
A
4290,0 cm 2
F uro 11
0,0 + 13,0 kN
min x = = 0,3 2
4290,0 cm
kN
E 2 = 3,7 0,3 = 3,4
0
cm 2
E
8,0 kN
c = = 7,0 2
2
1,15 cm
l e 0
E 2 < c
-
c 1
Normal stresses at the lower flange
y 0
Detail category 125
C 2
144,2 + 13,0 kN
max x = = 3,7
4290,0 cm 2
0,0 + 13,0 kN
min x = = 0,3 2
4290,0 cm
kN
E 2 = 3,7 0,3 = 3,4
cm 2
12,5 kN
c = = 10,9
1,15 cm 2
E 2 < c
6KHDUVWUHVVHV
a) Selfweight
Vz = 1,4 kN
kN
xz 0
cm 2
b) Wheel loads
s
max Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (0,589 + 0,232) = 55,1 kN
e
min Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (0,054 0,411) = 31,2 kN
I d
55,1 kN
max xz = = 0,9 2
44,4 1,45 cm
B o
31,2 kN
min xz = = 0,5 2
c
44,4 1,45
A
cm
F uro 11
c) Local shear stresses in the web due to wheel loads
d r = 0,75 h r + t f + r = 0,75 65 + 28 + 27 = 104 mm (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
0
b eff = b fr + d r = 150 + 104 = 254 mm < b = 300 mm (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
E
t 3f b eff 2,8 25,4
2
3
I f ,eff = = = 46,5 cm 4 (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
-
12 12
l e
I r = 136 cm 4 (25 % wear, see Petersen Stahlbau, page 1360)
0
(EC 3- P 6: 6.2.1 (13))
I rf = I r + I f ,eff = 136 + 46,5 = 182,5 cm
c
4
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
y 0 1
1 1
l eff = 3,25 [I rf / t w ] 3 = 3,25 [182,5 / 1,45] 3 = 16,3 cm (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
C 2
Fz 67,1 kN
= = = 2,8 (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
l eff t w 16,3 1,45 cm 2
kN
|| = 0,2 = 0,2 2,8 = 0,6
cm 2
kN
max || = 0,9 + 0,6 = 1,5
cm 2
kN
min || = 0,5 0,6 = 1,1
cm 2
kN
E 2 = 1,5 + 1,1 = 2,6
cm 2
8,0 kN
c = = 6,4
1,25 cm 2
E 2 < c
'LUHFWVWUHVVHV
a) Local stresses in the web due to wheel loads
l eff = 16,3 cm (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

Fz 61,1 kN
= = = 2,6 (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
l eff t w 16,3 1,45 cm 2
b) Local stresses in the web due to bending
TSd = Fz ,d e y = 61,1 0,01375 = 0,84 kNm (EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
s
a = 700,0 cm
e
d w = 50,0 2 2,8 = 44,4 cm
I d
t w = 1,45 cm
B o
1
I t 30,0 2,8 3 = 220 cm 4
c
3
A
F uro 11
0,5
0,75 a t 3w sinh 2 ( d w / a )
= (EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
It sinh(2 d w / a ) 2 d w / a
0, 5
0,75 700 1,45 3 sinh 2 ( 44,4 / 700)
0
= = 5,247
E
220 sinh(2 44,4 / 700) 2 44,4 / 700
l e
T ,Ed =
6 TSd
- 2
tanh ()
0
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
a t 2w
c 1
6 0,84 100 kN
= 5,247 tanh (5,247) = 1,8
y
700 1,45 2
cm 2
C 2 0
max T ,Sd = 1,8 + 1,8 = 3,6
min T ,Sd = 1,8 1,8 = 0

kN
cm 2
kN
cm 2
kN
max E = 3,6
cm 2
16,0 kN
c = = 12,8
1,25 cm 2
E < c
3 5

Ff E2
+ Ff E2
1,0 (EC 3- P 9: 8 (3))
c c

Mf Mf
3 5

1,0 3,6 1,0 2,6
+ = 0,033 1,0
16,0 8,0
1,25 1,25
es
B I o d
A
F uro 11 c
E 2 0
l e 0 -
yc 0 1
C 2
6XSSRUW
6KHDUVWUHVVHV
a) Selfweight
Vz = 7,7 kN
7,7 kN
xz = = 0,1 2
44,4 1,45 cm
s
b) Wheel loads
e
max Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 0,0 = 0,0 kN
I d
min Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (1,0 0,6428) = 110,2 kN
B o
0,0 kN
max xz = = 0,0
44,4 1,45 cm 2
A c
110,2 kN
min xz = = 1,7
F uro 11
44,4 1,45 cm 2
c) Local shear stresses in the web due to wheel loads
E 0
1 1
l eff = 3,25 [I rf / t w ] = 3,25 [182,5 / 1,45] = 16,3 cm
2
3 3
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
-
Fz 67,1 kN
e
= = = 2,8 (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
l
l eff t w 16,3 1,45
0
cm 2
c
kN
1
xz = 0,2 = 0,2 2,8 = 0,6
cm 2
y 0
kN
max xz = 0,0 + 0,6 = 0,6
cm 2
C 2
kN
min xz = 1,7 0,6 = 2,3
cm 2
kN
E 2 = 0,6 + 2,3 = 2,9
cm 2
8,0 kN
c = = 6,4
1,25 cm 2
E 2 < c
'LUHFWVWUHVVHV
a) Local stresses in the web due to wheel loads
l eff = 16,3 cm (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

kN
= 2,6 , see 6.3.2.2 (a) (EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
cm 2
b) Local stresses in the web due to bending
kN
T ,Ed = 1,8 , see 6.3.2.2 (b) (EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
cm 2
s
kN
T ,Ed = 1,8
e
cm 2
I d
kN
max T ,Sd = 1,8 + 1,8 = 3,6
B o
cm 2
c
kN
min T ,Sd = 1,8 1,8 = 0
A
cm 2
F uro 11
kN
max E = 3,6
cm 2
E 0
16,0 kN
c = = 12,8
2
1,25 cm 2
l e -
E < c
c 1 0
y
C 2 0
3 5

Ff E2
+ Ff E2
1,0 (EC 3- P 9: 8 (3))
c c

Mf Mf
3 5

1,0 3,6 1,0 2,9
+ = 0,041 1,0
16,0 8,0
1,25 1,25

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'HVLJQH[DPSOHIRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI

Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Sedlacek

6800$5<2)7+(&5$1($&7,216  

1 = 1,1 (upper value of the vibrational pulses) (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

Hoisting class of the crane: HC 3

4 = 1,00 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

5 = 1,50 (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.6)

weight of the crane.

b) Load group 3,4,5,6

Qh,nom = nominal hoist load

 = 1,1: Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN

 = 1,2: Q h ,k = 1,2 100,0 = 120,0 kN

B I o d Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN

1 Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN

In this section the following horizontal loads are calculated:

Number of runway beams: nR = 2

(a) Distance ei of the wheel pair i from the guidance means

e1 = 0 as flanged wheels are used

for wheel pair 2:

H S,1,1,T = f S,1,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,09 170,0 = 3,8 kN

H S,1,T = S H S,1,1,T = 17,3 kN

for wheel pair 2:

H S,1, 2,T = f S,1, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))

H T ,3 = 0,1 (10,0 + 100,0 ) = 11,0 kN (EC 1- P 3: 2.7.5)

Assumption: crane is classified in class S6:

i = 0,794 for normal stresses (EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)

For normal stresses:

For shear stresses:

Single-span girder with fork-support, length: l = 7,00 m

Load position for the maximum bending moment:

Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max

gk = 1,873 + 0,318 = 2,2 kN

Qr,max 2,50 Qr,max

max M y, k = Q r , max (1 + 2 ) l = 82,0 (0,242 + 0,095) 7,0 = 193,7 kNm

max Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,589 + 0,232) = 67,3 kN

min M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = (14,6 0,242 + 14,6 0,095) 7,0 = 15,0 kNm

HT,2 2,50 HT,2

max M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = ( 14,6 0,0316 + 14,6 0,242) 7,0 = 21,5 kNm

max Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (0,411) + 14,6 0,232 = 9,4 kN

M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm

max M t ,k = 5,7 0,589 3,5 (0,054) = 3,5 kNm

There are no bending moments at the support (Single-span girder)

min Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (1,0 0,6428) = 134,7 kN

HT,2 2,50 HT,2

min Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) 0,0 + 14,6 (0,357) = 5,2 kN

Rail A 55: br =55 mm

Wheel loads: Qr,max = 82,0 kN

Horizontal loads due to acceleration and deceleration: H T = 14,6 kN

M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm

max M t ,k = 5,7 1,0 3,5 0,643 = 3,4 kNm

max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 1,4 + 1,35 67,3 = 92,75 kN

VEd = 92,75 kN 319,8 kN = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)

no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary

a) Verification for max My,Sd:

N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN

6,1 229,5 100 29,03 100

max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 7,7 + 1,35 134,7 = 192,2 kN

VEd = 192,2 kN 321,0 = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd (EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)

no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary

N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN

s s = 2 h + 50 = 2 (0,75 65) + 50 = 14,75 cm

k f = 6,0 + 2,0 (h w / a ) 2 = 6,0 + 2 (44,4 / 700) 2 = 6,0 (EC 3- P 5: 6.1 (4))

6800$5<2)7+(&5$1($&7,216

= 1,1: Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

= 1,2: Q h ,k = 1,2 100,0 = 120,0 kN