Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 10

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, 75% of the students will be able to:
1. illustrate permutations of the distinct objects
2. derive the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects
taken r at a time, n r; and
3. solve real life problems involving permutation.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Permutations (distinct object)
B. Reference: Materials Learners Module Grade 10, Pgs. 283-291
C. Instructional Materials: combination lock, boxes, chalk and chalkboard,
charts and colored papers.

III. PROCEDURES

Teachers Activity Learners Activity

A. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
Prayer
Greetings
Good Morning/Afternoon, Class!
Kindly check your area if there are
pieces of papers or wrappers, then
pick it up and throw it on the trash
can.
Alright. You may now take your
seats.
Checking of attendance

B. MOTIVATION

Okay Class, what do you call this kind of

lock? (show to them the combination
lock) That is a combination lock!

Yes! This is a combination lock.

Why do you think it is called a

combination lock? Why not a padlock?
Or just a lock? Because it could be locked using a
combination of numbers.
Very good! I could set a combination of
numbers say, 132, as my password to
secure my things like my baggage when
Im travelling.

Do you have this at home, class?

No, maam
Then what do you do to secure your
things? Say, your wallet, cellphone, and
other important things? Students answers may vary.

Alright! It is important for us to secure

our things so that we will not lose it or
get it taken away from us.
Do you understand, class?
Yes, maam!
Now, lets divide the class into 4. Count
1, starting from there. 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2,

All number 1 will stay here, all number 2

stay there,

Go now to your respective group quietly

in the count of 5.

Okay, class we will have a game entitled

UNLOCK THE BOX

I am going to distribute a combination

lock for each group. This game is simple.
All you need to do is to unlock the box in
2 minutes. Take note that every member
of the group should be given a chance to
unlock it. There are items in the box and
that will be your prize.

HINT: the 3 digit that will lead to the

possible code are 1,5, and 8.
Do you have any clarifications? None?
None, maam.
Okay. The 2 minutes will starts now!

(alarmed ring, after 2 minutes)

TIMES UP!
Did all 4 groups unlock the box?
Yes, maam!
Very Good!

Before you arrive at the correct code,

what are the arrangements that youve
tried? 185 581 815
851 518
Okay.
So, including the 1st possible code
(1,5,8) and the exact code (5,1,8), how
many possible arrangements of the 3
digits? There are 6 possible arrangements
of the digits 1 5 8.
Thats right.

How about if there were 8 digits in a

code like your facebook account
password, can you tell how many
possible arrangements of your
password?
Yes, Maam. We can tell how many
possible arrangements codes are
there in 8-digits but it will take a lot
of time to count all the possible
arrangements.
 EXACTLY!

C. PRESENTATION

Now class, there is a term in

mathematics that refers to the possible
arrangements of things. And that is
PERMUTATION!

PERMUTATION refers to any

one of all possible arrangements
of the elements of the given set.

Please read (reading)

Yes, Maam.
For instance, given a set of distinct
objects, we can arrange them in several
ways. Like what we did with the possible
arrangements of the 3-digit code. The
listed arrangements are what we called
________.
PERMUTATIONS!
Again, what are the permutations of the
digits 1,5, and 8?
185 581 815
851 518 158
Yes, thats correct!

Now, how are we going to find the

number of permutations of distinct n
objects taken r at a time?
*n is the number of objects and r is the
number of how many objects will be
taken at a time.

Class, select your partner for our next

activity.

Do you have now your partner?

Yes, Maam.
Good!

Now, perform the activity entitled: LETS

FIND OUT.
Here is the direction and the format of
the activity, which you will write on your 1
whole sheet of paper.

(post the format on the board)

I will give you 5 minutes to work on that.

Remember that no erasures.
Do you have any clarifications?
None.
Good!
 (After 5 minutes)

Are you done? Yes, Maam.

Alright! Pass your paper to the center

aisle and pass it to the front. In a count
of 5 pass it now.
n r p
Who will come to the front and write the 1 piece at a time: 4
possible and the number of 1, 2, 3, 4
arrangements on the board? 2 pieces at a time: 12

four number cards

For 1 piece at a time? 12, 13, 14,
For 2 piece at a time?

(e.g, 1, 2, 3, 4)
For 3? 3 pieces at a time: 24
And for 4? Say something about your 123, 124, 132, 134,
answers.
4 pieces at a time: 24
1234, 1243, 1342,

Okay, class do you have the same

answer? Yes, Maam.

Very Good!
Those are correct.

Lets have the summary:

n r P
4 1 4
4 2 12
4 3 24
4 4 24
What do you call each arrangement?
Each arrangement is called a
permutation.
Yes, it is.

Okay, lets have the 4th column to be the

Pattern.

N r P Pattern.
4 1 4 4x1=4
4 2 12 4 x 3 = 12
4 3 24 4 x 3 x 2 = 24
4 4 24 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24

What have you noticed on the solutions?

The first factor of each solution is 4
which is the value of n.
Thats right!

Any other observations?

The succeeding factors decreases
by 1 each time.
Very Good!
 Another one? The number of factors is equal to
the value of r.
Very Good!
Alright, the number of permutation of 4
cards taken 3 at a time is 24.
Since the 1st factor is 4 (n), the 2nd is 3
(n-1) and the last factor is 2 (n-2).
4 3 2 = 4 (4 1)(4 2)
= 24
Is the answer the same in the table? Yes, Maam.
Okay.
The permutation of 4 cards taken 3 at a
time is denoted as, P(4,3).
So, the permutation of n objects taken r
at a time is denoted as, _____. The permutation of n objects taken
Excellent! r at a time is denoted as P(n,r).

Look at the factors:

(, ) = ( 1) ( 2)

(, ) = [ (1 1)] [
(2 1)] [ (3 1)] [
( 1)] ( + 1)

So, what is the last factor of P(n,r) ?

The last factor of P(n,r) is ( +
Now, what is the formula in finding the 1).
number of permutations of n objects The formula in finding the number
taken r at a time, P(n,r),? of permutations of n objects taken r
at a time, is
Thats right. (, ) = ( 1)( (, ) = ( 1) ( 2)
2) ( + 1) + 1).

Example:
In how many ways can 5 people arrange
themselves in a row for picture taking?
What is the value of n? The value of n is 5.
How about the value of r? The value of r is 5.
Okay, who will answer on the board? Solution: n=5, r=5
Discuss your answer. (5,5) = 5(5 1)(5 2)(5
3)(5 4) *since there are 5 factors
= 5x4x3x2x1
= 120
There 120 ways arrangement of 5
Very Good! people taking pictures in a row.
In the given example, did she used all
the number from n=5 down to 1? Yes, Maam.
Alright.
Another way of writing P(5,5)=5 x 4 x 3 x
2 x 1 is by 5! (read as 5 factorial).
So the permutation of n objects taken all
at a time is denoted by _____. The permutations of n objects taken
Yes, it is. all at a time is denoted by
P(n,n)=n!.

Lets try this,

4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 24
8! = 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 40320 40,320
10! = 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 = 3,628,800
3 628 800

With the same situation on the example,

how can 5 people arrange themselves 3
at a time? The value of n is 5 and the value of
What is n? r? r is 3.

Who will solve on the board? Solution: = 5, = 3

(5,3) = 543
= 60
Very good! 60 ways that the 5 people can
Thats correct. arrange themselves 3 at a time.

Just take a look of the solution.

54321
=
21
5!
=
2!
= 60
What did you notice on the solution? The numerator is 5! And the
denominator is 2!.
Excellent!
What is the difference between the 5-2=3, the difference between the
numerator and the denominator? numerator and the denominator is
Is that the value of r? 3.
Yes, Maam.
So, now base on the example, what is
now the formula of finding the number of The formula of finding the number
permutations of distinct n objects taken r of permutations of distinct n object
at a time? !
taken r at a time is (, ) = ()! .

Excellent! Thats correct!

There is a restriction that . The

denominator could be 0 because 0!=1,
but not negative because we cant
arrange objects NEGATIVE times.
Did you get it?
Yes, Maam.
Alright!

D. GENERALIZATION

1. How are you going to calculate the

different permutations of distinct We can calculate the different
objects? permutations by using the formula
!
(, ) = ()! ; and
(, ) = ! and by applying the
Fundamental Counting Principle
Excellent! and Multiply.

2. What is a permutation?
Permutation refers to any one of all
Thats right! the possible arrangements of the
 elements in the given set.

E. APPLICATION
Now, try to answer the following
problems. After 5 minutes. I will call
some of you to present your answer on
the board.

Problems:
1. Suppose you secured your laptop using a
password. Later, you realized that you forgot
the 5-digit code. You only remembered that
the code contains the digits 1, 4, 3, j and B.
How many possible codes are there?
2. Suppose that in a certain association, there
are 12 elected members of the Board of
Directors. In how many ways can a
president, a vice president, a secretary, and
a treasurer be selected from the board?
3. A dress shop owner has 8 new dresses that
she wants to display in the window. If the
window has 5 mannequins, in how many
ways can she dress them up?

IV. EVALUATION
Direction: Choose the number that you think is the correct answer.
1. What is the term that refers to the possible arrangement of things?
1. Combination 3. Presentation
2. Organization 4. Permutation
2. Which of the following formula is appropriate in getting the permutations of
an object taken r at a time?
!
1. (, ) = ()! 3. (, ) = !
!
2. (, ) = ()! 4. (, ) = !
3. Which of the following equations will give the permutation of the 6-letter
word PLANTS taking 4 at a time?
6! 6!
1. (6,4) = (64)! 3. (4,6) = (46)!
4! 4!
2. (6,4) = (64)! 4. (4,6) = (64)!
4. Antonio received 7 paintings from his boss as a reward for his good work.
He wants to hang it on his wall horizontally. In how many possible ways
can he arrange it all? (show your solution on your paper)
1. 7 2. 49 3. 210 4. 5040
5. Lila bought a book from each of the 6 different genres. When she got
home, she found out that there is only space for 5 books. In how many
possible ways can she arrange them to fit all of the 6 books? (show your
solution on your paper)
1. 35 2. 120 3. 2520 4. 5040
V. ASSIGNMENT
Think about of a situation that involves arrangements. What youre going to
do is to:
1. Write all the possible permutations of n object taken all at a time.
2. Write all the possible permutations of n object taken r at a time.
Note: The value of your n must be greater than 4 and the value of your r
must be greater than 3.

Write it on your journal.

For example, if you are watching athletic games. Say ten runners join a race.
In how many possible ways can they be arranged as first, second, and third
placers? Then answer.

JESSICA G. BLANDO
BSED 4A, MATH MAJOR