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MODULE 6: ACOUSTICAL DESIGN

Acoustical Requirements in Auditorium Design


1. There should be adequate loudness in every part of the auditorium, particularly the remote seats.
2. Sound energy within the room must be diffused. That is, there must be a uniform distribution of
sound.
3. The room must maintain optimum reverberation characteristics. The Reverberation Time must
allow favorable reception and efficient presentation.
4. The room should be free from acoustical defects such as echo, long-delayed reflection, sound
concentration, coupled spaces, etc.
5. Noise and vibration which would interfere with listening or performing should be excluded, or at
least reasonably reduced to a minimum.

Methods to Provide Adequate Loudness and Reduce


Sound Energy Loss
1. The auditorium should be shaped so that the audience is as close to the sound source as possible,
thereby reducing the distance the sound must travel.
- inclusive angle must be less than 140
- fan-shaped plans gives lesser distance from speaker to seats/centroid.
2. The sound source must be raised as much as feasible in order to secure a free flow of direct sound
waves to every listener.
3. The floor where the audience is seated should be properly ramped or raked, because sound is
more readily absorbed when it travels over the audience at grazing incidence.
- slope must not be steeper than 1:8
- if slope is less steeper than 1:8, steps may not be used; for steeper slopes, use steps
where for every seat, there must be two steps along the aisle
- following the same principle, staggered layout of seats may also be used
4. The sound source should be closely and abundantly surrounded with large sound reflective
surfaces in order to supply additional reflected sound energy to every portion of the audience.
5. The floor area and volume of the auditorium should be kept at a reasonable minimum, thereby
shortening the distance that direct and reflected sound must travel.
6. Parallelism between opposite sound reflective boundary surfaces should be avoided, to eliminate
undesirable back reflections.
7. The audience should occupy those parts of the seating area which are advantageous both for
viewing and hearing.
- maximum number of seats per row : 14 with aisles on both sides
:7 with aisle on 1 side only
8. If besides the primary sound source, which is normally located at the front part of an auditorium,
additional sound sources exists in other parts of the room, then these sound sources must also be
surrounded by sound reflecting surfaces.

Best Methods to Create Sound Diffusion


1. Provide surface irregularities
2. Provide random distribution of sound absorbing material, or the alternate application of sound
reflective and sound absorptive treatment (e.g. use of alternating wood slats).

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