Abstract

The purpose of this experiment actually to determine the fluid velocity using Bernoullis
theorem and the Continuity equation. Bernoullis theorem, in fluid dynamics, relation among
the pressure, velocity, and elevation in a moving fluid (liquid or gas), the compressibility and
viscosity (internal friction) of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady, or
laminar. The Bernoulli effect is simply the result on a fluid ( liquid and gas ), the pressure
times the volume is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the fluid. In the real flow ,
friction plays a large role a lot of times you must have a large pressure drop ( decrease
inpressure ) just to overcome friction , This is the case in your house . Most water pipes
have small diameters (large friction ) , hence called water pressure it is the energy from
that pressure drop that goes to friction .
Appendix

For table A1 : Volumetric Flow rate

Finding the average =sum of time 1 , 2 and 3 time (s)
Total time (s)

= 128 sec + 98 sec + 170 sec

5
=132 sec

Finding the Flow rate ,Q

1) L/s

= volume (L)
Average time (s)
= 10/132
= 0.076 L/s
2) m3/s

1000 L = 1 m3

=0.076 L / 1000
=0.000076m3/s
For Table B1 : Velocity of Fluid calculated using Bernoullis and Continuity Equation

Using Bernoullis Equation

ViB = [2*g*(h*-hi)], unit (m/s)

As example for cross-section of B :

Given h*=h8=18.4 , hi for cross-section B is 18.1
= [2*9.81*(18.4-18.1)]
= 2.425

Using Continuity Equation

Vic = QAV/Ai in m/s
As example for cross-section of B :
Given Ai = 2 /4 in 2

=7.58X105 /366.44 in 2
10
100
= 2.068 X1010

For difference , [ ]
ViC `
[. 425 2.068X1010 ]
2.068X1010
= 1.173X1010
For table A2 : Volumetric Flow rate

For Table B2 : Velocity of Fluid calculated using Bernoullis and Continuity Equation

Using Bernoullis Equation

ViB = [2*g*(h*-hi)], unit (m/s)
As example for cross-section of A :
Given h*=h8=18.3 , hi for cross-section B is 21.5
= [2*9.81*(18.3-21.5)]
= -7.924

Using Continuity Equation

Vic = QAV/Ai in m/s
As example for cross-section of A :
Given Ai = 2 /4 in 2

=2.58X104 /530.93 in 2
10
100
= 4.860 X107

For difference , [ ]
ViC

[7.924 4.860X107 ]
4.860X107
= 16304
For table A2 : Volumetric Flow rate

For Table B2 : Velocity of Fluid calculated using Bernoullis and Continuity Equation

Using Bernoullis Equation

ViB = [2*g*(h*-hi)], unit (m/s)
As example for cross-section of A :
Given h*=h8=18.3 , hi for cross-section B is 21.5
= [2*9.81*(18.3-21.5)]
= -7.924

Using Continuity Equation

Vic = QAV/Ai in m/s
As example for cross-section of A :
Given Ai = 2 /4 in 2

=2.58X104 /530.93 in 2
10
100
= 4.860 X107

For difference , [ ]
ViC

[7.924 4.860X107 ]
4.860X107
= 16304
For table A3 : Volumetric Flow rate

For Table B3 : Velocity of Fluid calculated using Bernoullis and Continuity Equation

Using Bernoullis Equation

ViB = [2*g*(h*-hi)], unit (m/s)
As example for cross-section of A :
Given h*=h8=21 , hi for cross-section B is 30.5
= [2*9.81*(21-30.5)]
= --13.65

Using Continuity Equation

Vic = QAV/Ai in m/s
As example for cross-section of A :
Given Ai = 2 /4 in 2

=4.3X104 /530.93 in 2
10
100
= 8.098 X107

For difference , [ ]
ViC

[13.65 8.098X107 ]
8.098X107
= 16856