Geosynthetics

Geosynthetics
Synthetic fabrics durable and buried in soil
 Functions
Drainage path to assist consolidation

Separation

Reinforcement

Filtration medium for drainage

 Categories of Geosynthetics
Geotextile
Cotton, wool, jute or coir
Flexible porous fabric woven or non woven

Separation
Reinforcement
Filtration

Soil nailing
erosion control
 Categories of Geosynthetics
Geogrids
Synthetic fabric formed into open grid
Streteched into one or two direction
Weaving or knitting
Bonding rods or strapping together
retaining wall and reinforcing sub bases
Geonets
Continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs
Biplanar or triplanar
Used to convey liquids
 Categories of Geosynthetics
Geomembranes
Thin and impervious material

Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Bentonite clay between two geomembranes

Geo contaminant application

Transportation
Hydraulic application
 Categories of Geosynthetics
Geofoam
Polymeric expansion
Slope protection

Geocells
3D honeycombed cellular structure
Soil cell interaction

Earth retention
Protection bunkers and walls
 Categories of Geosynthetics
Geocomposites
Combination of geotextiles, geogrids, geonets and
geomemberanes
 Aluminium
Assignment II

Manufacturing process

Anodizing of aluminum

Assignment I & II
Online Submission
Date of Submission: 17/08/2012
Email: assignments.bt@gmail.com
 Advantages of Aluminium
Advantages
High specific strength
Corrosion resistant
Insect and rodent resistant
No maintenance
Easily workable
Good noise control
High reflectivity
High scrap value
 Aluminium
ACP Sheets

Duralumin

Y Alloy
4% copper, 20% Nickel and
1.5% magnesium

Aluminium bronze
78 to 90 percent Copper
Anti corrosive materials and grillwork
Cement
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
 Comparison of process
Dry Process Wet process

100kg of coal per ton 350kg of coal per ton

90m long rotary kiln 200m long rotary kiln

Better quality Low instrumentation

 Constituents of cement
Lime (CaO)

Silica (SiO2)

Alumina (Al2O3)

Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)

Magnesia

Sulphur

Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3)

Alkalies
 Cementing property
Di Calcium Silicate (2CaO. SiO2) (25%)

Tri Calcium Silicate (3CaO. SiO2) (45%)

Tri Calcium Aluminate (3CaO. Al2O3)

Tetra Calcium Alumino Ferrite (4CaO. Al2O3Fe2O3)