4 EthernetBasics

Thursday,May4,2017 1:11PM

1. WhatisEthernet?
Intheearly1980stheIEEEgottogetheranddevelopedsomethingcalledEthernet,orIEEE802.3.
developedinFebruary1980.Therearetonsofaddendumstothe802.3standard(a,b,I,etc.).

TheEthernetframehasstayedprettymuchthesamesincethebeginning

EthernetlivesonMACaddresses.TherewillbetheCRCandFCS.Thisisthebaseframe.Itwillnormally
benomorethan1500bytes.Theframedoesn'tchange.

Standardnomenclaturefor802.3:

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 10Base5:
10=10speedinmegabitspersecond
Base=willbeBaseorBroad.BroadbandisEthernetthatrunsononepieceofcable.Basemeansthat
thereisonlyonechannel.Itsendsoneconversationatatime.
5=lengthofacable.5wouldbe500meters.Tisunshieldedtwistedpairwithaswitchinthemiddle.

2. EarlyEthernet
10Base5(earlyEthernetexample:ahugeyellowcablerunningthroughtheceilings.Thetransceiver
madeyourconnection.ThenyourEthernetcablewouldgofromyourcomputertothetransceiver):

SegmentedEthernet:

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CarrierSenseMultipleAccess/CollisionDetection.CarrierSensebasicallymeansthatthecomputers
listenonthewiretomakesurenooneelseistalking iftheydon'thearanyonethentheycangoahead
andtalk.

HadtoputTerminatingResistorsontheendofcablessothatwhentheframeshittheendofthecables
thereisn'treflection.TheTRseatthesignal.

Can'thavetwocomputerstalkingatthesametime.SotheNICswouldhavesomesmartswherebythey
trytalkingatthesametime,getacollision,thentheyrollthediceandwhatevernumbercameupthatis
howlongtheywouldwaitinmillisecondsbeforetheywouldretrytheirtransmission.

10Base2isbasicallyapoorman's10Base5.2stoodfor200meterseventhoughitwas185meters.

Exampleof10Base2:

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2networkcardsandthey're10Base2.

TconnectorandTerminatingResistor

Thisisafull10Base2network!

Addanothercomputerandyoumovetheterminatortotheoneontheend.

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 OldstyleofEthernet.

3. TheDaddyofEthernet 10BaseT
BigproblemwiththeseoldversionsofEthernet:ifthesegmentbrokeinanypart,thesignalwould
drop.

IBMcameupwithTokenRinginthelate1980s.Itdidn'tuseabus.Youwouldplugyourcomputersinto
abox.Ifanyoneofthecomputersbrokeitdidn'ttakedownthewholenetwork.Twoproblems:

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 1. Itwasproprietary itcamefromIBM.
2. Itwasveryexpensive.

EthernetfolkstooktheBusandputitinabox(ahub).TheyusedUTPcabling.Andthatiswhatwecall
10BaseT.Itisoldandslownow,butitallstartedwiththeBigDaddyofEthernet10BaseT!

10BaseT:
Runsat10Megabits/sec
Maxof100metersbetweenswitchandnodes
Maxof1024nodesperswitch
CAT3orbetterUTPcable

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