7.

Practical applications of chopper drives

A chopper is a static power electronic device that convert the fixed dc input voltage in to a variable dc
output voltage. A chopper may be considered as dc equivalent of and ac transfomrer since thay behave
in an identical manner. As chopper involves one stage conversion, these are more cofficine. Chopper are
now being used all over the worrld for rapid transit system. The practical applicatons of the chopper in
modern world are as following.

trolley cars
marine hoist
forklift trucks
mine haulers

The future electrica automobiles are likely to use choppers for their speed and breaking applications.
Chopper systems offer smmoth, control , high efficiency, faster respond , regeneration facilit, except
those following are also can oberved as applicatoins.

Class D Electrionc ampliiers

Speed controllers for DC motors
Switched capacitor filters
Switched mode power supplies, including DC to DC convertors
Variable Frequency Drive

Discussion

1. Explain Why there is a voltage at the load even when the speed input potentiometer is at
minimum.

In this practical we used PWM switching circuit which is fixed switching frequency. Gate input changes
with the input voltage. So, theoretically speed-input potentiometer should be zero at the beginning. But
practiclly it shouldet be happened due to the possibility of happen in small steps even in a small time.
This phenomenon is there due to difference ot triggering time between thyristor 1 and 2 . So, voltage
coulden be zero even the potentiometer is at zero due to practical limitation.
2.Why the speed input potentiometer, in the first few steps dident respond to the motor: how
problems can possibly be eliminated.

We did the practical under no load conditions, so the only torque we had is the friction torque wich is
very small. But it increases with the speed. So, at low speed motor generating balance torque does not
increase significantly and hence the voltage. But with the spen increases friction torque increases, so
there is a significant changes in the speed to balance the torque.To avoid this issue , we start the motor
at load conditions, so that friction can be neglected at all speeds.

3. Whey the speed current wavefrom contain less ripples compared with the field voltage wavefrom?

Since, current is propotional to the summation of the all previous voltages current does not change
instantenaously . This can be analogue to spring mass sytem, Where mass do not move instantly as we
supply the force to the spring(suspenstion of a vehical)